新SAT考試寫作提分的最佳小技巧

　　很多考生對于備考新SAT考試的寫作部分都是比較迷惘的，那么有哪些寫作的小技巧是可以給作文提分的呢?小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了新SAT考試寫作提分的實(shí)用小技巧，歡迎大家前來閱讀。

　　新SAT寫作提分的小訣竅

　　大家都知道，我們備考的最大最直接的依據(jù)就是prompt的提示，盡管文章每次考試都在變換，但是prompt是保持不變的，因此，我們在原文做標(biāo)記的時(shí)候，就要充分利用prompt給我們的提示，在原文圈圈點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的筆記的時(shí)候應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)放在以下方面：

　　a) evidence to support claims (e.g., cited data or statistics, or authoritative sources that support the author’s argument)

　　b) reasoning to develop ideas and make connections (e.g., the author explains his logic for using a specific piece of evidence to support a specific claim)

　　c) stylistic or persuasive elements to add power to the ideas expressed (e.g., using figurative language, irony, metaphor, and other elements to appeal to emotions)

　　首先，在讀文章的時(shí)候，務(wù)必記得做筆記，尤其注意以下幾點(diǎn)，這幾點(diǎn)也是prompt中給出的幾點(diǎn)：作者如何運(yùn)用evidence來支撐觀點(diǎn);作者如何用reasoning來發(fā)展觀點(diǎn)、連接claim和evidence的;作者如何運(yùn)用stylistic or persuasive elements來增加觀點(diǎn)的可靠性和說服力。

　　除了在文章的邊邊角角寫注釋，我們建議考生養(yǎng)成圈圈點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的習(xí)慣，比如可以用下劃線或畫圈來標(biāo)注以下重點(diǎn)：一是中心觀點(diǎn);二是重要的細(xì)節(jié);三是標(biāo)記出事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn);四是找出文章中的evidence，用于之后的直接引用或同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　其次，寫出文章的outline，并思考如何在文章中體現(xiàn)中心點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)。這一步比較重要，而且outline會幫助我們節(jié)省時(shí)間，理清思路，以避免不必要的改寫和重寫。如果第一步中對文章有效進(jìn)行了標(biāo)注，那么在本部分寫大綱的時(shí)候就會更加有組織、有條理。

　　第三步就是寫文章，把寫好的outline填充evidence并擴(kuò)展為一篇文章。注意文章的連貫性。正如張執(zhí)遠(yuǎn)老師在授課中一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的，在introductory paragraph中需要有一個(gè)topic sentence、3個(gè)能細(xì)化論證的論點(diǎn)作為thesis statement, 根據(jù)thesis statement進(jìn)而將文章發(fā)展為3-5個(gè)支撐的body paragraph，另外注意句式結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。

　　最后，檢查潤色，看是否有語法、拼寫、表達(dá)上的錯(cuò)誤。雖然幾個(gè)語法和拼寫錯(cuò)誤不會對SAT essay部分的分?jǐn)?shù)影響特別大，但利用幾分鐘的時(shí)間來重新檢查還是可以幫助我們避免不少不必要的錯(cuò)誤。

　　新SAT寫作如何利用模版

　　眾所周知，英語的聽說讀寫四部分，說和寫屬于主動的“輸出”，而聽和讀是被動的“輸入”。這樣做劃分的一個(gè)原因就是輸入端和輸出端的備考方法是不同的。作為輸出端的寫作和口語，備考方法是離不開所謂的“模仿”的。無論模仿的是句式、結(jié)構(gòu)亦或是單詞，都離不開一個(gè)“模仿期”的。不只是英語學(xué)習(xí)，其實(shí)任何一門技術(shù)或者知識技能的學(xué)習(xí)，我們做的也是從“模仿期”到“平臺期”再到“創(chuàng)造期”的過渡。面對新SAT寫作，我們不僅不要回避模仿的重要性，還要在模仿中學(xué)習(xí)，在模仿中創(chuàng)造，在模仿中學(xué)以致用。

　　本著“凡有所學(xué)皆有所用”的原則，張執(zhí)遠(yuǎn)老師就給大家舉幾個(gè)例子來體會仿句和積累的重要性，比如在新SAT的evidence-based writing中，每個(gè)body paragraph的第一句我們叫做topic sentence. Topic sentence是從introductory paragraph里面的thesis statement中發(fā)展而來的，且body paragraph的發(fā)展順序應(yīng)盡量和thesis statement中的順序一致。我們給大家舉三個(gè)例子供大家模仿和參考，從而進(jìn)一步從優(yōu)秀、經(jīng)典、地道的模版中汲取寫作所需的.表達(dá)、句式和框架。

　　Example 1 (來自O(shè)G滿分范文4-4-4).

　　In response to our world’s growing reliance on artificial light, writer Paul Bogard argues that natural darkness should be preserved in his article “Let There Be Dark”. He effectively builds his argument by using a personal anecdote, allusions to art and history, and rhetorical questions. (最后一句即為thesis statement))

　　Body paragraph 1: Bogard starts his article off by recounting a personal story – a summer spent on a Minnesota lake where there was “woods so dark that his hands disappeared before his eyes”

　　Body paragraph 2: Bogard’s argument is also furthered by his use of allusion to …

　　Body paragraph 3: Finally, Bogard makes subtle yet efficient use of rhetorical questioning to persuade his audience that natural darkness preservation is essential.

　　從example 1中，我們可以汲取一種寫作技巧，即把introductory paragraph的thesis statement中的三點(diǎn)分為三段在body paragraph中按順序一一闡述，我們還可以參考以上滿分作為所用的句式，給予一些變化，提取加工為模仿的素材。

　　下面，我們看下一范例：

　　Example 2.

　　By using careful word choice, undeniable precise statistics, and effective language devices, the author successfully convinces his readers that…

　　而在接下來發(fā)展的3個(gè)body paragraph中，可以分別這樣闡述：

　　Body paragraph 1. In an attempt to … the author utilizes clever euphemisms and carefully selected word to describe … (careful word choice)

　　Body paragraph 2. Building upon the …generated from careful word choice, the author continues successfully building the case by providing several key statistics which support his position. (undeniable precise statistics)

　　Body paragraph 3. The author also employs creative language devices which appeal to both our emotions and our logic to complete his argument (effective language device)

　　以上例子均可以作為我們發(fā)展段落的模版句，并作為仿句的素材和藍(lán)本進(jìn)一步練習(xí)，學(xué)為己用。比如body paragraph的第一句topic sentence可以表達(dá)為 in an attempt to …/in an effort to build the validity of her position/ support his claim/ add power to his argument/ accentuate his perspective, the author …，還可以表達(dá)為分詞句式，如utilizing carefully selected world choice/ building upon…, the author employs … to add to the persuasiveness of the essay.

　　以上只是一個(gè)例子，其實(shí)不僅僅是每個(gè)body paragraph的topic sentence, 仿句素材和模版素材在張老師的課堂上貫穿在任何環(huán)節(jié)。我們需要認(rèn)識到，寫作提高的必經(jīng)之路是模仿，但模仿絕不是機(jī)械的模仿，而且是有意識、有計(jì)劃、有目的的進(jìn)行模仿訓(xùn)練。只有經(jīng)過模仿這個(gè)必經(jīng)之路，積累了足夠的素材，才能自如的寫出更加優(yōu)質(zhì)的作為來應(yīng)對新SAT寫作。

　　SAT寫作高分材料

　　I'M GOING RUNNING TODAY. I am not concerned about my calorie consumption for the day, nor am I anxious to get in shape for the winter season. I just want to go running。

　　I used to dislike running. "If you don't win this game, you're all running five miles tomorrow," the field hockey coach used to warn, during those last days of October when the average temperature seemed to be decreasing exponentially. And so, occasionally, my grief-stricken team would run numerous miserable laps around the fields. At the end of these excursions, our faces and limbs would be numb, and we would all have developed those notorious flu-like symptoms; but the running made us better in the long run, I suppose. Nevertheless, I counted down the days until the end of the field hockey season, vowing never to put on a pair of running shoes again. Then I surprised myself by signing up for outdoor track in the second half of sophomore year. I was foolish to have believed that I could ever escape this insidious and magnetic addiction。

　　Anyone would have thought that I'd be off the team in a few days, but the last week of January caught me splashing through puddles of melted ice, and February winds nearly blew me off the track. I looked forward to practices this time around, to the claps and the persistent cheers of my fellow trackies. I was feeling a "runner's high" spurred by the endorphins released by exercise. But to attribute my affinity for running solely to chemistry diminishes the personal importance that running has for me。

　　I like running—in the cool shade of the towering oak trees, and in the warm sunlight spilling over the horizon, and in the drops of rain falling gently from the clouds. Certain things become clear to me when I'm running—only while running did I realize that "hippopotami" is possibly the funniest word in the English language, and only while running did I realize that the travel section of The York Times does not necessarily provide an accurate depiction of the entire world. Running lends me precious moments to contemplate my life: while running I find time to dream about changing the world, to think about recent death of a classmate, or to wonder about the secret to college admission

　　Running is the awareness of hurdles between me and the finish line; running is the desire to overcome them. Running is putting up with aches and pains, relishing the knowledge that, in the end, I will have built strength and endurance. Running is the instant clarity of vision with which I can see my future just one hundred yards in the distance; it is the understanding that these crucial steps will determine victory or defeat。

　　Running is not the most important thing in the world to me, but it is what fulfills me when time permits. And right now, before the sun goes down, I like to take advantage of the road that lies ahead。

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