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初三英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法
使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，叫做間接引語(yǔ)。下面是小編為大家整理的初三英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法。
初三英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法一
一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：
學(xué)生在將直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí).常常弄不清人稱變化.下面有一句順口溜“一隨主.二隨賓,第三人稱不更新”.“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾.從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱.或被第二人你所修飾.從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致.如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語(yǔ).也可以用第一人稱,如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí).如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：
Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker."→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：
直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整.
現(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過去時(shí)態(tài);過去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí);過去完成時(shí)則保留原來的時(shí)態(tài).如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend."→She said he would go to see his friend.
(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)
(2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(3) 一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí)
(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)
(5) 一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)
(6) 過去完成時(shí)不變,仍為過去完成時(shí)
但要注意在以下幾種情況下.在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化.
�、僦苯右Z(yǔ)是客觀真理.
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
�、谥苯右Z(yǔ)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變.如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
�、壑苯右Z(yǔ)中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變.如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
④直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,變間接引語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)不變.如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning.
�、萑绻苯右Z(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的'形式(例：ought to, had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí),(例：could, should, would, might)不再變.如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today." →Peter said I had better go there that day.
初三英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法二
三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”(例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday.變?yōu)?the day before)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ),由“此”改為“彼”(例：this 改為that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
指示代詞
this……these
these……those
表示時(shí)間的詞
now……then
today……that day
this week(month ,etc)……that week (month ,etc)
yesterday……the day before
last week(month ,etc)……the week(month ,etc) before
three days (a year ,etc) ago……three days (a year. etc) before
tomorrow……the next (following ) day
next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc)
表地點(diǎn)的詞
here……there
動(dòng)詞
bring……take
come……go
四、如何變句型：
�、僦苯右Z(yǔ)如果是陳述句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
�、壑苯右Z(yǔ)如果是特殊問句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序).
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
�、苤苯右Z(yǔ)如果是祈使句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型.如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
�、葜苯右Z(yǔ)如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用“suggest +動(dòng)句詞(或從句).”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
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