物流英語(yǔ)課文翻譯

　　英語(yǔ)是當(dāng)今世界上最通用的語(yǔ)言之一，那么英語(yǔ)作為最廣泛的語(yǔ)言就有其不可忽視的重要性。以下是小編為大家整理的物流英語(yǔ)課文翻譯，希望能幫到大家！

　　一單元

　　Logistics is a unique global “pipeline ”[1] that operates 24 hours a day； seven days a week and 52 weeks a year, planning and coordinating the transport and delivery of products and services to customers all over the world.

　　物流是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的全球性的“管道”，即每天24小時(shí)運(yùn)作；一星期7天，一年52周，計(jì)劃和協(xié)調(diào)著產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)輸和配送以及對(duì)全球客戶的服務(wù)。

　　Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is anything but a newborn baby[2]. However, when it conies to modem logistics, most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible as it is[3].

　　文明伊始，物流就已經(jīng)存在，因而不是新鮮事。然而，說(shuō)到現(xiàn)代物流，幾乎所有業(yè)內(nèi)專業(yè)人士認(rèn)為，它的一個(gè)無(wú)形的、最有挑戰(zhàn)性和令人興奮的工作。

　　Modem logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sections of the economic society[4], which may include but by no means is limited to： packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport ，forecasting, strategic planning, and customer service.

　　現(xiàn)代物流關(guān)系到貨物流和信息流的有效性和高效率。對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)各個(gè)中間商和消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)，貨物流和信息流是非常重要的，可能包括但絕非局限于：包裝、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、轉(zhuǎn)移、存儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)輸、預(yù)測(cè)、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃、客戶服務(wù)等。

　　“Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers，requirements. ” Although this definition fails to incorporate all specific terms used in the study of logistics，it does reflect the need for total movement management from point of material procurement to location of finished product distribution.

　　物流是供應(yīng)鏈過(guò)程的一部分，它計(jì)劃、實(shí)施和控制著流動(dòng)的.高效率、有效性和貨物的儲(chǔ)存、服務(wù)的準(zhǔn)備以及從原始點(diǎn)到消費(fèi)終點(diǎn)相關(guān)信息，以滿足客戶的要求。雖然這個(gè)定義不能把所有特別說(shuō)法用在研究物流方面，但它反映了從物資采購(gòu)點(diǎn)到成品分銷地的整個(gè)貨物流向管理的需要。

　　第二單元

　　It is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use. As industrial products are not the key factors in planning a physical distribution strategy, they will not be mentioned in this text.

　　就產(chǎn)品而言，普遍認(rèn)為有兩類，一類是消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品，另一類是工業(yè)用途產(chǎn)品。因?yàn)楣�業(yè)用途產(chǎn)品在配送戰(zhàn)略中不是主要因素，所以就不在本文論述了。

　　An important characteristic of any product is its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it. And this is what logistics is chiefly concerned with. Products are of any value when and only when they are moved to the right place where it is available to the customer. Thus, we should make an analysis of products, depending on who uses them and how they are used.

　　任何產(chǎn)品的一個(gè)重要特征就是在顧客需要它時(shí)就能買到它。而這也正是物流所關(guān)心的。產(chǎn)品只有在被運(yùn)送到能被消費(fèi)者買到的場(chǎng)所時(shí)才體現(xiàn)出價(jià)值。這樣，我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)誰(shuí)使用以及怎么使用這些產(chǎn)品來(lái)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品分析。

　　Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate consumers. According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories : convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products .

　　消費(fèi)類產(chǎn)品是指直接面對(duì)終端消費(fèi)者的 產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)消費(fèi)者挑選產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的三種不同方式以及從哪里購(gòu)買這些產(chǎn)品，購(gòu)買型產(chǎn)品和特殊產(chǎn)品三種。

　　Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping. Typical products are banking services, tobacco items, and many foodstuffs. These products generally require wide distribution through many outlets. Distribution costs are typically high but are more than justified by the increased sales potential that is brought about by this wide and extensive distribution. Customer service levels, as expressed in terms of product availability and accessibility, must be high to encourage any reasonable degree of customer patronage for the products.

　　便利型產(chǎn)品是指消費(fèi)者需要經(jīng)常、及時(shí)購(gòu)買并且不十分需要比較差價(jià)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。銀行業(yè)務(wù)、煙草產(chǎn)品和許多食物都是典型的便利型產(chǎn)品。這種產(chǎn)品一般都要求大范圍的配送，配送成本一般都很高，但高成本卻因大范圍配送能增加其銷售潛力而被認(rèn)為合理�？蛻舴�務(wù)水平體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品購(gòu)買時(shí)的方便性和可得性方面，為了鼓勵(lì)客戶購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品，服務(wù)水平心肝提高。 Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seek and compare: comparing in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation. Typical products in this category are fashion clothes, automobiles, home furnishings, and medical care. Because of the customer ’s willingness to shop around, an individual supplier may stock goods or offer services in only a few out-lets in a given market area. Distribution costs for such suppliers are somewhat lower than for convenience products, and product distribution need not be as widespread.

　　購(gòu)買型產(chǎn)品是消費(fèi)者愿意到處尋尋覓覓，比較價(jià)格、質(zhì)量和性能，三思之后才作出購(gòu)買決定的產(chǎn)品。這一類的典型產(chǎn)品有時(shí)裝、汽車、家具和醫(yī)療服務(wù)等。因?yàn)橄�費(fèi)者愿意到處看看，各供應(yīng)高會(huì)在給定的市場(chǎng)上僅設(shè)幾個(gè)銷售點(diǎn)存放產(chǎn)品或提供服務(wù)。這種供應(yīng)商的配送成本比便利型產(chǎn)品低一些，而且這類產(chǎn)品的配送范圍也沒(méi)有那么大。

　　Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them. Buyers seek out particular typesrangi and brands of goods and services. Examples can be any type of goods ranging from fine foods to custom-made automobiles or a service such as management consulting advice. Because buyers insist on particular brands, distribution is centralized and customer service levels are not as high as those for convenience and shopping products. Physical distribution costs can be the lowest of any product category. Because of this, many firms will attempt to create brand preference for their product lin0065.

　　特殊產(chǎn)品是指買家愿意花費(fèi)大量精力并為了獲得它們可以忍受很長(zhǎng)的等待時(shí)間的產(chǎn)品。消費(fèi)者會(huì)尋求特定類型和品牌的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，例如精美食品、定制的汽車等各種商品，或者像管理咨詢建議這類服務(wù)。因?yàn)橄�費(fèi)者對(duì)品牌很執(zhí)著，所以配送是集中進(jìn)行的，消費(fèi)者服務(wù)水平親不像便利型產(chǎn)品和購(gòu)買型產(chǎn)品要求那么高。配送成本可能是三種類別中最便宜的。正因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，許多公司試圖為他們的創(chuàng)造品牌效應(yīng)。

　　第三單元

　　Inventory is viewed as playing a role in the value-added process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer you are. If you keep an over-stock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many aspects, such as the capital cost and the interest accruing on it, taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and storage cost.

　　在增值過(guò)程中庫(kù)存被人們認(rèn)為起著重要作用，這并不意味著以庫(kù)存的形式存放的貨物越多，你就越富。如果庫(kù)存過(guò)量，不僅增加倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)方面的費(fèi)用，如本金、隨之遞增的利息、稅、保險(xiǎn)、陳舊性損耗費(fèi)和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)成本。

　　On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many ca-ses, computed according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegged to the prime interest. The logic behind it is that the cash to replace capital invested in invent-tory can be qurchased in the money market.

　　一方面本金隨著批量大小而改變；另一方面，利息了隨著投資在存貨上的本金的多少而增減，而大多數(shù)情況下，存貨是根據(jù)主要利息或指定利息率計(jì)算的。其暗含的邏輯是用于代替投資在庫(kù)存上的本金的現(xiàn)金可在貨幣市場(chǎng)買到。

　　In many countries, taxes are levied on the average inventory lev-dl on a specific day of the year.

　　Insurance cost is a direct levy normally based on estimated risk or exposure over time. Obsolescence means the dete-rioration of product in storage which is not covered by insurance.

　　許多國(guó)家按一年中某一特定的日子的平均庫(kù)存水平征收稅款。

　　保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)一般根據(jù)預(yù)計(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)次數(shù)直接征收。

　　損耗指?jìng)}庫(kù)中的產(chǎn)品老舊了，這是不包含在保險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)的。

　　The storage cost incurs in re-spect of product holding, whether you store the goods in a public warehouse, rented private ware-house or a warehouse you own yourself. The cost, which can well amount to over 37% of the total lo-gistics cost, results in the necessity of making plans for inventory.

　　儲(chǔ)存成本產(chǎn)生于產(chǎn)品保管，不管產(chǎn)品儲(chǔ)存在公共倉(cāng)庫(kù)、租用的私人倉(cāng)庫(kù)還是自有倉(cāng)庫(kù)。儲(chǔ)存成本占整個(gè)物流成本的37%以上，所以做庫(kù)存計(jì)劃是很有必要的。

　　The plan should be able to an-swer three basic questions: when to order, how much to order and inventory control procedures.

　　庫(kù)存計(jì)劃要能夠回答以下三個(gè)基本問(wèn)題：何時(shí)訂購(gòu)，訂購(gòu)多少以及庫(kù)存控制程序。

　　For the time being we are con-cerned only with the question of how much to order. The lot sizing concept calances the cost of maintaining in-ventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the rela-tionship is to remember that average inventory is equal to one-half the or-rer quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequent-ly, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.

　　這里我們僅關(guān)心訂購(gòu)量的問(wèn)題。批量大小概念平衡了維持庫(kù)存的成本和降低訂購(gòu)成本的矛盾，理解他們的關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵是要記住平均庫(kù)存數(shù)等于訂購(gòu)數(shù)量的二分之一。每次訂購(gòu)的量越大，每個(gè)訂購(gòu)計(jì)劃周期訂購(gòu)次數(shù)就越少。因此整個(gè)訂購(gòu)成本就越少。批量公式指明在給定銷售額下，年綜合定購(gòu)成本和維持庫(kù)存的最低點(diǎn)。

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