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四級(jí)考試前記住常用的英文縮寫

　　在英語四級(jí)考試中，有時(shí)候會(huì)遇上一些縮寫，要是認(rèn)不出來可就尷尬了。并且記住一些四級(jí)常用的英文縮寫，對(duì)于寫作文也是有不少的好處的，下面是小編整理的四級(jí)考試前記住常用的英文縮寫，一起來看看吧！

四級(jí)考試前記住常用的英文縮寫

　　四級(jí)考試前記住的英文縮寫

　　a.d. (公元): anno domini

　　cv (簡歷): curriculum vitae

　　e.g. (例如): exempli gratia

　　etc. (等等…): et cetera

　　et al. (等人)： et alii

　　i.e. (即是): id est

　　ph.d. (博士): philosophi doctor

　　p.s. (附言): post scriptum

　　r.i.p. (息止安所): requiescat in pace

　　rps：石頭剪刀布(rock-paper-scissors)，一種猜拳(finger-guessing)的游戲

　　app：是 application 的縮寫

　　bmw：寶馬，全稱為巴伐利亞機(jī)械制造廠股份公司bayerische motoren werke

　　4s店~零售(sale)、零配件(sparepart)、售后服務(wù)(service)、信息反饋(survey)~

　　pdf，全稱portable document format 譯為便攜文檔格式

　　dota全稱是defense of the ancients

　　① ielts–international english language testing system 雅思;

　�、� toefl–test of english as a foreign language 托福;

　　③ gre–graduate record examination 美國研究生入學(xué)考試;

　�、� gmat–graduate management admissions test 研究生管理專業(yè)入學(xué)考試

　　a.m.是ante meridiem(拉丁文)的縮寫;

　　p.m.是post meridiem(拉丁文)的縮寫

　　ante是字首，意為在時(shí)間、順序、位置上在前;

　　post是字首，意為在時(shí)間、順序上在后。

　　meridiem意為正午。所以ante meridiem是before noon; post meridiem是after noon.

　　atm：automated teller machine 自動(dòng)取款機(jī)

　　crm：customer relationship management 客戶關(guān)系管理

　　erp：enterprise resource planning 企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃

　　gps：global positioning system 全球定位系統(tǒng)

　　pos：point of sales 刷卡機(jī)

　　it：information technology 信息技術(shù)

　　cd：compact disc 壓縮光盤

　　bbs: bulletin board system 論壇

　　fw: forward 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

　　cc: carbon copy 抄送

　　bcc: blind carbon copy 秘送

　　encl.: enclosure 隨信附上

　　英語四級(jí)考試必備詞匯及短語、簡寫

　　一、英語四級(jí)考試需要掌握大量的詞匯，以下是一些必須掌握的詞匯：

　　1.常見的英文單詞：這些單詞在日常生活和學(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)常使用，包括數(shù)字、顏色、時(shí)間、天氣、方向、食物、動(dòng)物等等。

　　2.常用詞匯：這些詞匯是在日常英語中使用頻率非常高的，比如：think、know、want、need、like、love、hate、happy、sad、angry等等。

　　3.高頻詞匯：這些詞匯是四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的，包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等，如：advantage、disadvantage、benefit、satisfy、succeed、improve、convenient、efficient等等。

　　4.學(xué)術(shù)詞匯：這些詞匯是學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)和論文中使用頻率非常高的，比如：methodology、research、analysis、experiment、hypothesis、theory、conclusion等等。

　　5.常用短語：這些短語在英語交流中也經(jīng)常被使用，包括問候、告別、請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)等等，如：How are you?、Nice to meet you、Can you help me?、Would you like to join us?等等。

　　6.常用縮略語和簡寫：這些縮略語和簡寫在英文閱讀和寫作中也會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，比如：etc.、i.e.、e.g.、Mr.、Mrs.、Dr.等等。

　　以上是一些英語四級(jí)考試必須掌握的詞匯，需要通過大量的閱讀、聽力、口語和寫作練習(xí)來加深記憶和理解。

　　二、以下是一些英語四級(jí)考試常見的英文單詞歸納：

　　數(shù)字：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million.

　　顏色：red, blue, green, yellow, orange, purple, pink, brown, black, white, gray, grey.

　　時(shí)間：year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, morning, afternoon, evening, night.

　　天氣：sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, windy, stormy.

　　方向：north, south, east, west, northeast, southeast, northwest, southwest.

　　食物：fruit, vegetable, meat, fish, rice, noodles, bread, cake, cheese, milk, tea, coffee, water, juice, soda.

　　動(dòng)物：dog, cat, bird, fish, horse, cow, sheep, pig, chicken, duck, goose, rabbit, elephant, lion, tiger, monkey, bear.

　　三、以下是一些英語四級(jí)考試常用詞匯的歸納：

　　名詞：person, place, thing, idea, time, year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, life, love, family, job, school, student, teacher, book, movie, music, art, science, technology, business, government, society, culture, history, environment, health, sports, travel, food, fashion.

　　動(dòng)詞：be, have, do, say, get, make, go, take, see, come, want, know, think, feel, say, like, love, hate, enjoy, need, use, help, work, study, learn, teach, write, read, speak, listen, watch, play, travel, meet.

　　形容詞：good, bad, happy, sad, angry, tired, busy, easy, difficult, interesting, boring, beautiful, ugly, rich, poor, young, old, new, old, high, low, big, small, long, short, fast, slow, hot, cold.

　　副詞：very, really, quite, too, well, badly, slowly, quickly, carefully, easily, hard, often, always, sometimes, never, now, then, soon, already, just, still.

　　連詞：and, or, but, so, because, if, when, while, although, however, therefore.

　　介詞：in, on, at, to, from, with, by, for, about, of, off, out, up, down, over, under, between, among.

　　需要注意的是，這些詞匯只是四級(jí)考試詞匯量的冰山一角，還需要通過大量的閱讀、聽力、口語和寫作練習(xí)來加深記憶和理解。

　　四、以下是一些英語四級(jí)考試常見高頻詞匯的歸納：

　　名詞：people, time, year, work, way, day, world, life, school, government, company, family, group, problem, case, system, fact, point, man, woman.

　　動(dòng)詞：be, have, do, say, get, make, go, take, come, see, know, think, look, want, give, use, find, tell, ask, feel, become, leave, put, seem, may, might, should, must.

　　形容詞：good, new, first, last, long, great, little, own, other, old, right, big, high, different, small, large, next, early, young, important.

　　副詞：now, also, just, even, still, there, however, only, already, ever, never, often, almost, usually, sometimes, together, perhaps, recently.

　　介詞：in, on, at, to, from, by, with, about, for, of, over, before, after, during, against, among.

　　連詞：and, or, but, so, because, although, since, while, until, whether.

　　需要注意的是，這些詞匯只是四級(jí)考試詞匯量的一部分，還需要通過大量的閱讀、聽力、口語和寫作練習(xí)來加強(qiáng)記憶和掌握用法。同時(shí)，考生還需要掌握詞匯的各種變形形式，如名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)等。

　　五、以下是一些英語四級(jí)考試學(xué)術(shù)詞匯的歸納：

　　名詞：research, study, experiment, analysis, data, result, conclusion, theory, hypothesis, concept, method, technique, application, development, progress, trend, phenomenon, principle, model, variable.

　　動(dòng)詞：research, study, investigate, analyze, measure, evaluate, observe, experiment, test, prove, demonstrate, hypothesize, conceptualize, formulate, design, develop, apply, implement, optimize, generalize, validate.

　　形容詞：empirical, theoretical, experimental, statistical, quantitative, qualitative, systematic, logical, rigorous, reliable, valid, significant, representative, innovative, efficient, effective, sustainable, interdisciplinary.

　　副詞：statistically, empirically, theoretically, systematically, rigorously, logically, significantly, effectively, efficiently, sustainably, quantitatively, qualitatively, methodologically.

　　介詞：in, on, at, with, for, of, by, from, to, through, across, beyond, within, between, among.

　　連詞：and, or, but, so, because, although, however, therefore, thus, hence, moreover, furthermore, nonetheless.

　　英語四級(jí)考試學(xué)術(shù)詞匯的歸納，這些詞匯是在學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域中經(jīng)常使用的詞匯，考生需要通過大量的閱讀、聽力和寫作練習(xí)來熟悉和掌握這些詞匯的用法。同時(shí)，還需要掌握學(xué)術(shù)寫作的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)范，如引用、注釋、參考文獻(xiàn)等，以便更好地完成英語四級(jí)考試中的學(xué)術(shù)寫作任務(wù)。

　　六、以下是一些英語四級(jí)考試常用短語的歸納：

　　表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)：in my opinion, from my perspective, as far as I am concerned, personally speaking, it seems to me that, in my view, I believe that, I think that, I am convinced that, I suppose that.

　　表示重要性：be of great importance, be essential to, play a vital role in, be critical to, be crucial for, have a significant impact on, be key to, be fundamental to, be imperative for, be indispensable to.

　　表示解釋：in other words, that is to say, to put it simply, in simpler terms, to be more precise, more specifically, to clarify, to elaborate, to expand on, to explain further.

　　表示比較：in comparison to/with, by contrast, on the other hand, whereas, while, unlike, similarly, likewise, in a similar manner, in the same way.

　　表示因果關(guān)系：as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, due to, owing to, because of, on account of, as a consequence.

　　表示舉例：for example, for instance, such as, namely, in particular, to illustrate, to demonstrate, to give an example, to show.

　　表示總結(jié)：in conclusion, to sum up, in summary, to conclude, all in all, overall, to summarize, in brief, to recapitulate.

　　表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：above all, first and foremost, most importantly, primarily, essential, crucially, significantly, notably, particularly.

　　表示提出建議：it is suggested that, it is recommended that, one possible solution is, one effective way is, it is advisable to, it is essential to, it is important to, one thing that could be done is.

　　表示目的：in order to, so as to, for the purpose of, with the aim of, with a view to, to achieve, to accomplish, to attain, to reach.

　　表示時(shí)間先后：at first, first of all, initially, in the beginning, then, next, afterwards, subsequently, finally, in the end.

　　表示觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變：on the one hand, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, despite, although, even though, whereas, while.

　　表示引出原因：due to, owing to, because of, on account of, thanks to, as a result of, as a consequence of, attributable to, on the grounds of, in the light of.

　　表示引出影響：have an impact on, exert an influence on, affect, result in, give rise to, lead to, cause, contribute to, bring about, generate.

　　表示引出解決方案：one possible solution is, one effective way is, it is suggested that, it is recommended that, a good approach is, a practical solution is, one thing that could be done is, to overcome this issue, to address this problem.

　　表示引出重要性：be of great significance, be crucial for, be critical to, play a vital role in, be essential to, be of paramount importance, be fundamental to, be imperative for, have a profound impact on, be key to.

　　表示引出對(duì)比：in comparison to/with, by contrast, on the one hand/on the other hand, whereas, while, unlike, similarly, likewise, in a similar manner, in the same way.

　　表示引出結(jié)果：as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, so, as a consequence, inevitably, unavoidably.

　　通過對(duì)這些短語的掌握和應(yīng)用，考生可以更好地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也可以更好地理解和分析閱讀材料中的內(nèi)容。在備考過程中，考生需要注意這些短語的搭配和用法，尤其是在寫作中需要根據(jù)具體語境靈活運(yùn)用這些短語。

　　七、在英語四級(jí)考試中，除了詞匯和短語之外，縮略語和簡寫也是考生需要掌握的重要內(nèi)容之一。以下是一些常見的英語四級(jí)考試常用縮略語和簡寫：

　　ASAP: As Soon As Possible

　　DIY: Do It Yourself

　　ETC: Et Cetera

　　GPA: Grade Point Average

　　HR: Human Resources

　　IQ: Intelligence Quotient

　　NGO: Non-Governmental Organization

　　RSVP: Répondez Sil Vous Plat

　　CEO: Chief Executive Officer