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四級閱讀�？键c因果關(guān)系
導(dǎo)語：原因在先，結(jié)果在后(簡稱先因后果)是因果聯(lián)系的特點之一，可原因和結(jié)果必須同時具有必然的聯(lián)系，即二者的關(guān)系屬于引起和被引起的關(guān)系，“在此之后”不等于“由此之故”。
首先是我們最熟悉的因果關(guān)系。
因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with
果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly
因果關(guān)系除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的顯性因果表達(dá)詞外，隱性的因果同樣是不可忽略的一個重要部分。
隱性因果：
A 導(dǎo)致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce
如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.
在這段話中，有l(wèi)ead to表示了導(dǎo)致的意思，即結(jié)果，而so that更進(jìn)一步表示了后面的結(jié)果，所以可以充分判定這段話有因果關(guān)系的邏輯。
B 由…而來(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to
如："The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce."
在這段話中，根據(jù)result from可以推斷出有因果關(guān)系，那如果是解釋句子題時，選項中有因果關(guān)系就可以優(yōu)先考慮。
C 反映，體現(xiàn)(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply
D 考慮到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to
He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.
E 依賴于：rely on、depend on、resort to
He resorted to books when he had problems.
F 條件關(guān)系：when、once、as soon as、As long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
G 分詞短語，不定式做狀語：Failing in the final exam, she cried.
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