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2016年12月英語四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀模擬訓(xùn)練
2016年12月英語四級(jí)考試將在12月17日舉行，對(duì)于英語四級(jí)考試閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)占比還是不小的，以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于英語四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀模擬訓(xùn)練，供大家備考。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (長柄平底煎鍋) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (熒光檢查儀), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 權(quán)威意見) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 膽汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.
We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣賢) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.
56. This passage focuses on__________.
A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment
B. the digestibility of fried foods
C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation
D. why fried foods have long been frowned upon
57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.
A. they are healthful
B. they are much cheaper
C. they can be easily digested
D. they can provide the calories the workers need
58. The author implies that the public should__________.
A. prepare some foods by frying
B. avoid fried foods if possible
C. fry foods for adults but not for children
D. prepare all foods by frying
59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.
A. grateful
B. factual
C. sarcastic
D. humorous
60. The passage was probably taken from__________.
A. a medical journal
B. a publication addressed to the general public
C. a speech at a medical convention
D. an advertisement for cooking oil
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 發(fā)展中國家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.
But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.
In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.
In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居國外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.
Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.
61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?
A. The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.
B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.
C. Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.
D. The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.
62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?
A. Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.
B. "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.
C. The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.
D. The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.
63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________.
A. keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduation
B. cooperate more effectively with international organizations
C. set up more return programs under the guidance of the UN
D. send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries
64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.
A. as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically
B. as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structures
C. unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroad
D. if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals
65. The best title for the passage is__________.
A. The Brain Drain of the Developing Countries
B. Knowledge Transfer
C. The Talents from the Developing Countries
D. The Failure of Development Programs
【參考譯文】
很長時(shí)間以來，人們都不喜歡油炸食品。然而，長柄平底煎鍋基本上是我們廚房里最方便、最有用的廚具。
[57]健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動(dòng)的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中的有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。用煎鍋烹制的肉、蛋和法式土司每天都會(huì)出現(xiàn)在千百萬人家的餐桌上。很明顯，困擾這些食用者的不是消化不良的跡象越來越多，而是那些堅(jiān)持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹飪的人對(duì)他們的折磨。數(shù)年前，一位非常著名的生理學(xué)家研究了油炸薯?xiàng)l的可消化性。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，用平底鍋烹制食物時(shí)，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮過的食物，經(jīng)過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。并且，當(dāng)通過熒光檢查儀觀察胃里食物的消化過程時(shí)他還發(fā)現(xiàn)，實(shí)際上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而現(xiàn)在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)都與“權(quán)威”說法相悖、營養(yǎng)方面的書籍汗牛充棟，其中油炸食品有害的權(quán)威說法隨處可見——孩子絕對(duì)不能吃任何油炸食物。一些書籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸這種烹飪方式。時(shí)不時(shí)還會(huì)有某位專家大膽地指出自己進(jìn)行了親身試驗(yàn)，但他吃了油炸食物身體卻安然無恙的原因在于自己的胃功能強(qiáng)大。當(dāng)然，我們可以重復(fù)閱讀這些好文章.直到感覺味同嚼蠟、無聊透頂。但是(油炸)這種含有起酥油的徹底加熱的方式，并不像之前人們所定義的那樣糟糕。這樣的食物不僅不會(huì)阻礙膽囊收縮，反而會(huì)刺激其收縮。這樣，這些膽汁就能在營養(yǎng)物從胃里流出之后迅速與其混合。
[58]我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反：油炸食品這個(gè)方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據(jù)。但是這一觀念卻根深蒂固。
[59]人們最初對(duì)油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位“圣賢”，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認(rèn)定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結(jié)果。于是他的這種論調(diào)傳播開來。不少人贊同他的觀點(diǎn)，后來人們就把這種信條寫入教科書了。現(xiàn)在，這種信條是一種傳統(tǒng)的定義，而不是經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證的事實(shí)，這種信條早就該被推翻了，因?yàn)閷?shí)踐已經(jīng)證明了它的荒謬。
【答案解析】
56.B定位：根據(jù)題干信息this passage focuses on可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析：整篇文章談?wù)摰闹黝}是油炸食品是否易于消化。第一段提到：人們一直不喜歡油炸食品，因?yàn)閾?jù)說這種食品不好消化，但科學(xué)家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。第二段提到：人們反對(duì)油炸食品，說其會(huì)引起消化不良，是因?yàn)檫@種說法已經(jīng)成為傳統(tǒng)，但它卻并非被證明了的事實(shí)，而實(shí)踐已經(jīng)證明了它的荒謬。綜上所述，這篇文章的主題就是me digestibility of tried foods。故選B。
57.D定位：根據(jù)題干信息people engaged in active labor可將答案定位到第一段第三句。解析：該句提到：“健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動(dòng)的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中約有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。”由此可知，從事體力勞動(dòng)的人員需要吃油炸食物是因?yàn)檫@類食物能提供足夠的熱量。故選D。
58.A定位：根據(jù)題干信息implies that the public should可將答案定位到第二段第一句。解析：題干問作者對(duì)公眾烹飪食品有何建議，作者在第一段提到，據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，油炸食品非但不會(huì)導(dǎo)致消化不良，而且還比較容易消化。第二段開頭處又提到：“我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反，油炸食品這個(gè)方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據(jù)。”可見，作者的觀點(diǎn)是人們是可以食用一些油炸食品的。故選A。
59.C定位：根據(jù)題干信息an“oracle”suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu可將答案定位到第二段第二句。解析：題干中的引文選自第二段中間處，作者提到：“人們最初對(duì)油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位。圣賢’，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認(rèn)定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結(jié)果。于是他的這種論調(diào)傳播開來”作者的諷刺語氣躍然紙上。加之oracle本身就在引號(hào)里，更足以證明其諷刺性。故選C。
60.B定位：根據(jù)題于信息taken from可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析：題干問這篇文章的出處。從文章內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格來看，應(yīng)該是節(jié)選自一本大眾科普讀物，它既不像醫(yī)學(xué)雜志、會(huì)議發(fā)言文章那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，也不像廣告那樣以產(chǎn)品為核心。因此正確答案為B項(xiàng)。
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