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2015年6月大學(xué)生英語六級考試閱讀題預(yù)測（二）
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the- clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work
built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carded out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal day-time work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
61. The study of sleep cycle can be of practical use to places where __________.
A. strict work shifts are required to cater for the need of automatic machines
B. working at night is normal for most employees
C. employees work according to different requirements of machines
D. employees have to adapt to irregular work patterns and organizations
62. According to Bonier, after the training of a different sleep pattern during the weekdays, people __________.
A. resume their original sleep habits for night shifts before the training
B. tend to come back to their routine sleep patterns at weekends
C. suffer a lot when they come back home to sleep at weekends
D. enjoy the benefits of adjusting to various sleep patterns quickly
63. Which of the following is Brown's finding?
A. People should choose a sleep pattern and work according to the pattern.
B. Regular changes between day shifts and the night ones do good to workers.
C. Permanent night workers suffer no disturbed sleep or other disorders.
D. Workers act abnormally when they work on night shift every day.
64. What can be done in arranging day and night shifts in a factory?
A. Make a survey on employees' preference on different shifts.
B. Give a physical test and find those who are always energetic at nights.
C. Stick to the pattern for three months once the shifts are settled down.
D. Look for those who can adjust fast to the change of wakefulness and sleep.
65. According to the passage, body temperature__________.
A. plays a vital role in selecting people for alternative day and night shifts
B. changes every two hours during the day and every three hours during the night
C. has been used for industries in selecting people for alternative shifts
D. changes after a person has finished the training for alternative shifts
參考答案：
【參考譯文】
眾所周知，人類正常的日�；顒又芷谑谴蟾�7～8小時(shí)的睡眠與大約l6～17小時(shí)的清醒狀態(tài)相交替，并且，一般來說，睡眠時(shí)間通常與黑夜時(shí)間重合。我們現(xiàn)在關(guān)心的問題是，要改變這個(gè)周期的難易程度如何，能改變到什么程度。
這不僅僅是一個(gè)簡單的學(xué)術(shù)問題。例如，[61]自動化工廠要求持續(xù)24小時(shí)的機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，于是，人們從白天工作改型晚上工作是否容容易，就盛了一個(gè)日益重要的問題。一個(gè)人要適應(yīng)睡眠時(shí)間和清醒時(shí)間顛倒，即白天睡覺晚上工作，通常需要5天到一個(gè)星期的時(shí)間。不幸的是，在工廠里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況是，每星期就換一次班。一個(gè)人可能有一周是從半夜12點(diǎn)工作到上午8點(diǎn)，第二周變成上午8點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)，第三周又變成下午4點(diǎn)到半夜l2點(diǎn)，如此等等。這就意味著，他剛剛習(xí)慣了一種作息方式就不得不改為另一種，這樣，在大部分的時(shí)間里，他都不能很有效率地工作或休息。
一種解決方法似乎是每次換班持續(xù)的時(shí)間長些，可以一個(gè)月甚至三個(gè)月?lián)Q一次班。然而，[62]荷蘭的博尼亞爾最近的研究表明，在周末，按照這種倒班制度工作的人會恢復(fù)他們通常的睡眠和清醒的習(xí)慣，這足以摧毀在這個(gè)星期所建立的適應(yīng)任何夜班工作的習(xí)慣。
而唯一能真正解決問題的方法似乎是將夜班交給一些永久上夜班的工人。1957年，布朗針對夜班工作人員的家庭生活和健康進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)有趣的研究。[63]她發(fā)現(xiàn)晝夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊亂癥高發(fā)，但在永久夜間工作的人什上并未出現(xiàn)這些異常癥狀。
[64]后面提到的這種方法看起來是最好的長期政策，但同時(shí)。我們?nèi)钥梢酝ㄟ^挑選出那些能夠最快適應(yīng)日常生活習(xí)慣變化的人來緩解晝夜交替工作所帶來的壓力。一種了解一個(gè)人是否適應(yīng)了的方法是測量他的體溫。白天工作、正常作息的人在清醒的時(shí)候體溫高而夜間則比較低;當(dāng)他們換成晚班時(shí)，模式只會逐漸調(diào)整適應(yīng)新的作息規(guī)律，而且，一般說來，其適應(yīng)速度是與整個(gè)身體的適應(yīng)程度是相同的，尤其是在工作表現(xiàn)方面。[65]因此。通過在清醒時(shí)期每隔兩小時(shí)測量一次體溫，可以看出一個(gè)人能多快適應(yīng)顛倒的作息時(shí)間。而這可以作為挑選的基礎(chǔ)。然而，到目前為止，這種挑選方式似乎還沒有被運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中。
【答案解析】
61.A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞sleep cycle和places定位到第二段前兩句。
解析：題干問對睡眠規(guī)律的研究對什么地方有實(shí)際意義。第二段首句指出，這不僅僅是一個(gè)簡單的學(xué)術(shù)問題。接著說：“自動化工廠要求持續(xù)24小時(shí)的機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，于是，人們從白天工作改到晚上工作是否容易，就成了一個(gè)日益重要的問題。”因此在自動化工廠，這項(xiàng)研究具有實(shí)際意義。A項(xiàng)中automatic machines與原文中的automation對應(yīng)，故為答案。
62.B
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞Bonier定位到第三段第二句。
解析：本句闡述Bonjer的研究結(jié)果時(shí)指出：“……在周末，按照這種倒班制度工作的人會恢復(fù)他們通常的睡眠和清醒的習(xí)慣，這足以摧毀在這個(gè)星期所建立的適應(yīng)任何夜班工作的習(xí)慣。”由此可知，員工們工作日培養(yǎng)出來的倒班睡眠習(xí)慣，在周末又恢復(fù)到以前的睡眠習(xí)慣了。故B項(xiàng)與原文相符，為本題答案。
63.C
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞Brown定位到第四段后兩句。
解析：前面一句提到了Brown，后一句接著說Brown發(fā)現(xiàn)“晝夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊亂癥高發(fā)，但在永久夜間工作的人身上并未出現(xiàn)這些異常癥狀”。故C項(xiàng)與原文相符，為正確答案。D項(xiàng)與原文意思相悖;A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)原文均未提及。
64.D
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞arranging day and night shifts定位到第五段第一句。
解析：題干問工廠應(yīng)如何安排倒班。根據(jù)該句可知：“……我們?nèi)钥梢酝ㄟ^挑選出那些能夠最快適應(yīng)日常生活習(xí)慣變化的人來緩解晝夜交替工作所帶來的壓力。”因此應(yīng)選那些最快適應(yīng)變化的人，D項(xiàng)與文意吻合，故為答案。
65.A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞body temperature定位到第五段倒數(shù)第二句。
解析：本句指出：“因此，通過在清醒時(shí)期每隔兩小時(shí)測量一次體溫，可以看出一個(gè)人能多快適應(yīng)顛倒的作息時(shí)間，而這可以作為挑選的基礎(chǔ)。”因此體溫對挑選倒班的人選很重要，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。C項(xiàng)與文意相悖;B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)原文均未提及。
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