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2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬試題
2016年12月英語六級(jí)考試將在12月17日開考,大家備考得如何了呢?下面是小編提供給大家關(guān)于大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬試題,希望對(duì)大家的備考有所幫助。
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.當(dāng)今大學(xué)生面臨著嚴(yán)重的就業(yè)壓力
2.這一現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生有多方面的原因
3.解決的辦法
College Students on the Job Market _________________________________________________________________________
Part I Writing
【寫作思路】
本文是關(guān)于對(duì)某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的討論,探討其原因,并提供解決問題的方案。畢業(yè)生就業(yè)壓力大,是目前比較熱門的話題,媒體、社會(huì)以及學(xué)生本人都會(huì)時(shí) 不時(shí)的討論,所以文章難度不是很大。文章開篇提出就業(yè)壓力大的問題,畢業(yè)生越來越多,而就業(yè)市場(chǎng)卻保持穩(wěn)定,兩者之間的不平衡,導(dǎo)致畢業(yè)生面臨越來越大的就業(yè)壓力。第二段討論出現(xiàn)這種問題的原因。第一方面,從宏觀上來看,整個(gè)世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)影響了就業(yè)市場(chǎng);第二方面,從學(xué)校招生來看,熱門專業(yè)人數(shù)過多,結(jié)果供過于求,而冷門專業(yè)學(xué)生很少,結(jié)果供不應(yīng)求。第三段針對(duì)第二段的原因,探討相應(yīng)的解決方案。從政府的角度出發(fā),要盡可能的采取各種手段幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù), 幫助學(xué)生就業(yè);從個(gè)人角度出發(fā),要學(xué)會(huì)自主選擇,不追潮流,學(xué)習(xí)自己感興趣的,努力提高自身素質(zhì),增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。
【參考范文】
More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.
There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. Whats more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.
The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?
Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.
The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.
UPMCs early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMCs IT department had implemented over the years.
On the mend
Although UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.
If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, dont be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care networks IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.
Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMCs Magee-Womens Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that theyre losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now."
Opportunities and costs
Given the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.
Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctors office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.
The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctors offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.
The cost of getting it wrong
The difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard DAvolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.
This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, DAvolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you cant measure something, you cant improve it, and without access to this data, you cant measure it."
To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justify the significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful use
Aggregating info to create knowledge
Ideally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, DAvolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," DAvolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.
1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because —————.
A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the past
B) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the past
C) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtful
D) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital
2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) —————.
A) is the first medical center to adopt information technology
B) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technology
C) spent less money on information technology than it was estimated
D) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties
3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because —————..
A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staff
B) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United States
C) UPMC makes EHR systems look easy
D) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 1996
4. The success of the EHR program is decided by —————..
A) the fact whether the information technology is available or not
B) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technology
C) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technology
D) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems
5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that —————.
A) the cost is too high for the hospital to afford
B) physicians are unwilling to adopt it
C) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise
D) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients
6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT —————.
A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospital
B) it is possible to improve the health care
C) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in care
D) it could save as much as $100 million annually
7. The hospital’s managers prefer to —————.
A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technology
B) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable service
C) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospital
D) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money
8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.
9. DAvolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.
10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
原文精譯
【1】給自己的事業(yè)買最好的保險(xiǎn)
消防隊(duì)無意之中淹沒了Mad Gabs的總部,Mad Gabs是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。盡管Melchionda知道,保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)替她換掉損壞的桌椅、電腦以及唇膏架子,但她仍淚流滿面。然而,讓她吃驚的是,隨后幾個(gè)月,才是真正的痛苦,她一直虧欠工資和租金,銷售額慢的像涓涓細(xì)流。
【2】Melchionda女士說,“沒有投保最重要的企業(yè)停頓保險(xiǎn)”。她已經(jīng)投保了財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn)和責(zé)任險(xiǎn),卻從沒有想到多買一張保單,以承擔(dān)事故之后的收入損失。
企業(yè)主們有很多類似Melchionda女士的經(jīng)歷。他們的很多保單要么不足以涵蓋所有損失,要么投保了錯(cuò)誤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)的怨言,有些可以歸咎于吝嗇的保險(xiǎn)公司或信息有誤的代理人,更多卻是因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)家自己的保險(xiǎn)決策不夠全面。
獨(dú)立的保險(xiǎn)代理人Steven Spiro說,“一般來講,干小生意的人并不太清楚他們擁有或需要的保險(xiǎn)范圍”。他解釋,這些人買保險(xiǎn)只是為了遵守辦公室租賃條約的要求。
選擇代理人
【3】買保險(xiǎn)可能讓人膽怯,很難知道哪些人是想利用你,哪些人是給你忠告。所以你應(yīng)該咨詢同行的企業(yè)家們,他們購(gòu)買了何種保險(xiǎn)以及是向誰購(gòu)買的。有三類人可以幫你選擇保險(xiǎn):獨(dú)立代理人,專屬代理人,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)咨詢師。
獨(dú)立代理人,別稱“經(jīng)紀(jì)人”,因?yàn)樗麄兇砗芏嗉冶kU(xiǎn)公司,所以可以提供很好的選擇。保險(xiǎn)公司付他們傭金,一般是一張保單每年保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的10%到20%。注意:由于某些保險(xiǎn)公司付給更多傭金,這些經(jīng)紀(jì)人可能受到誘惑,會(huì)有私心和偏愛。
專屬代理人代表某一家保險(xiǎn)公司,從該保險(xiǎn)公司領(lǐng)取薪水,并對(duì)其絕對(duì)忠誠(chéng)。一些諸如Allstate的公司只和自己的代理人打交道;也就是說,你只能通過該家保險(xiǎn)公司的代理人來購(gòu)買此公司的保險(xiǎn)。
每年年末,按照賣出去的保險(xiǎn)和賠償損失之間的比率,獨(dú)立代理人和專屬代理人都可拿到獎(jiǎng)金。這意味著,賣給你盡可能多的保險(xiǎn),而最小化你的索賠,是符合他們利益的。
也要理解,大部分代理人只注意保險(xiǎn)。美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)研究所主要從事小本生意研究的專家Arthur Flitner說,“有時(shí)候,沒有保險(xiǎn),你的問題反而可能處理的更好!北热缯f,建立基金以備不時(shí)之需,自己為自己投保來應(yīng)對(duì)某些財(cái)產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn);或執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的 雇傭政策,減少訴訟風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來看,這些更有意義。
這時(shí)就需要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)咨詢師的幫助了。他們收費(fèi)很高,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的項(xiàng)目就要花費(fèi)幾千美元。
【4】如果你的運(yùn)作有很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如果你的公司一年收入2500萬美元,如果你的公司有100多名員工,這時(shí)候雇傭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家,才有意義。
找到了可信的代理人,接下來就要買保險(xiǎn)了。你想去找多少個(gè)代理人都可以,但是需要記。和瑯拥谋kU(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目,保險(xiǎn)公司不會(huì)尋找不同的代理人。
選擇保單
如果公司總值低于300萬美元,你很有可能需要被稱為B.O.P.的業(yè)主保單,它把業(yè)務(wù)保單集中在一起,還讓你增添必要的保單。每個(gè)保險(xiǎn)公司的B.O.P.都不一樣,購(gòu)買的時(shí)候,要確保自己進(jìn)行了精確的比較。
如果公司總值高于300萬美元,你可能必須分開購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)。如果公司有幾十名員工,做生意不得不買的保單有四個(gè):
【5】員工賠償保險(xiǎn)是州法律要求的,它涵蓋員工的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、殘疾人士福利金和死亡賠償。
【6】保險(xiǎn)比率因行業(yè)和職業(yè)不同相差甚遠(yuǎn)。秘書的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) 可能是,每100美元工資給付22美分,而蓋頂工可能是,每100美元給付20多美元。確保你的生意分類正確,不要把玩具廠(制造業(yè)被認(rèn)為是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的)誤 歸為設(shè)計(jì)公司(低風(fēng)險(xiǎn))。雇員填寫索賠表格時(shí),保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)認(rèn)為,你的公司是一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系數(shù)比較高的設(shè)計(jì)公司,從而提高保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
【7】公共調(diào)解員George Von York說,“這是場(chǎng)賭博”。他幫助業(yè)主和保險(xiǎn)公司談判,以期獲得更多賠償!按蟛糠秩艘惠呑右矝]有得到實(shí)在的賠償。但是,孩子,在你需要時(shí),最好還是有保險(xiǎn)!
【8】財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)包括房產(chǎn)和辦公室里的設(shè)備。所在建筑的年齡大小,距離消防隊(duì)的遠(yuǎn)近,建筑材料是鋼鐵還是木材,都會(huì)使保險(xiǎn)比率大有不同。
要注意共同保險(xiǎn)條款,如果保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)為投保金額不足,這個(gè)條款允許保險(xiǎn)公司只賠償部分損失。讓代理人加上“協(xié)定保險(xiǎn)價(jià)額 ”,你和保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)同一個(gè)合適的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值。這可能讓保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)提高15%,卻減少了隨后的爭(zhēng)端。
一般責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)涵蓋公司對(duì)他人健康、財(cái)產(chǎn)或名譽(yù)帶來的傷害損失。一般來說,保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的比率要考慮以下因素:收入,辦公室規(guī)模,客戶數(shù)量。大多數(shù)的基本成套保險(xiǎn),是每次危險(xiǎn)保100萬美元;而傘狀保單以相對(duì)低的價(jià)格涵蓋更大范圍。
【9】如果可能,一定買比較貴的“發(fā)生”保單,它在事故發(fā)生當(dāng)時(shí)就給你賠償,哪怕你已停業(yè)或保單已過期!八髻r”保單與此相反,它只有在你受保期間索賠才有效。
【10】企業(yè)停頓保險(xiǎn)——Melchionda女士本該買的保險(xiǎn),它不僅賠償事故之后房子重建期間的銷售損失、房租、工資損失;還出錢幫你租賃臨時(shí)辦公室或設(shè)備,這樣你可以盡快的回到軌道上去。
這些保單僅僅是投保的開始。根據(jù)你經(jīng)營(yíng)的生意種類,還可增加其他幾十個(gè)保單。像醫(yī)生、醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療過失保險(xiǎn),這些非常重要;而另一些純粹是浪費(fèi)。想要決定你需要哪些保險(xiǎn),可以先問自己兩個(gè)問題:你承受損失的可能性有多大,你自己可以賠償所有損失嗎?正如專家指出的那樣,保險(xiǎn)旨在賠償大災(zāi)難,而不是日常維護(hù)。
1. 答案 A
解析:本題考查考生對(duì)整篇文章大意的掌握。本篇快速閱讀的標(biāo)題為“為自己的公司買最好的保險(xiǎn)”,暗示文章內(nèi)容圍繞著如何買保險(xiǎn)而展開的。選項(xiàng)A是標(biāo)題的同義表述,而B、C、D僅僅涉及了買保險(xiǎn)過程中的某一個(gè)因素。
2. 答案D
解析:題干中的人名Gabrielle Melchionda出現(xiàn)在文章一開始。文章開頭講述Melchionda女士的遭遇。因?yàn)闆]有保“企業(yè)停頓保險(xiǎn)”,Melchionda女士蒙受了損失,感到痛苦。答案D是正確選項(xiàng)。
3. 答案B
解析:題干中in that相當(dāng)于連詞because,表示原因。考題考查買保險(xiǎn)為什么讓人感到害怕?忌啥ㄎ辉谖恼碌牡谖宥,文章提及有些是忠告,有些卻是在利用投保人,而這之間很難分辨。選項(xiàng)B是對(duì)此句話的總結(jié)。
4. 答案C
解析:考題考查在特定的情況下,投保人應(yīng)該如何做?忌筛鶕(jù)題干中“如果你的運(yùn)作有很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,將答案定位在第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題picking an agent的最后兩段,文章講到,此時(shí)你需要雇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)咨詢師,所以選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。
5. 答案A
解析:考題問到,州法律要求的保險(xiǎn)是什么?第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題picking a policy下面的第三段中講“員工賠償保險(xiǎn)是州法律要求”,所以選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。
6. 答案D
解析:根據(jù)題干中的“workers compensation”,考生可繼續(xù)鎖定第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第三段,原文中講“Rates vary widely by industry and occupation”,其中vary意為“不同,變動(dòng)”,和選項(xiàng)D中的be different同義。
7. 答案B
解析:根據(jù)題干中的人名George Von York,考生可鎖定文章的最后一段,George Von York認(rèn)為保險(xiǎn)就是一場(chǎng)賭博,一輩子可能用不到,可是又不能沒有,如果有可能,你還是需要買保險(xiǎn)。從中可以看出George Von York的態(tài)度,他是建議人們買保險(xiǎn)的,而選項(xiàng)C是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),他并不是向投保人收費(fèi)很高,而是幫助投保人獲得更高的索賠。
8. 答案equipment in your office
解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可找到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題picking a policy下面的第四段,它講到財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)涵蓋的方面。
9. 答案available
解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題picking a policy下面的第七段,原文講到買這種保險(xiǎn)的條件。
10. 答案a temporary office or equipment
解析:根據(jù)題干中的business interruption insurance,考生可鎖定第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題picking a policy下面的第八段,文中提及“企業(yè)停頓保險(xiǎn)”的承保內(nèi)容。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
原文精譯
【1】給自己的事業(yè)買最好的保險(xiǎn)
消防隊(duì)無意之中淹沒了Mad Gabs的總部,Mad Gabs是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。盡管Melchionda知道,保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)替她換掉損壞的桌椅、電腦以及唇膏架子,但她仍淚流滿面。然而,讓她吃驚的是,隨后幾個(gè)月,才是真正的痛苦,她一直虧欠工資和租金,銷售額慢的像涓涓細(xì)流。
【2】Melchionda女士說,“沒有投保最重要的企業(yè)停頓保險(xiǎn)”。她已經(jīng)投保了財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn)和責(zé)任險(xiǎn),卻從沒有想到多買一張保單,以承擔(dān)事故之后的收入損失。
企業(yè)主們有很多類似Melchionda女士的經(jīng)歷。他們的很多保單要么不足以涵蓋所有損失,要么投保了錯(cuò)誤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)的怨言,有些可以歸咎于吝嗇的保險(xiǎn)公司或信息有誤的代理人,更多卻是因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)家自己的保險(xiǎn)決策不夠全面。
獨(dú)立的保險(xiǎn)代理人Steven Spiro說,“一般來講,干小生意的人并不太清楚他們擁有或需要的保險(xiǎn)范圍”。他解釋,這些人買保險(xiǎn)只是為了遵守辦公室租賃條約的要求。
選擇代理人
【3】買保險(xiǎn)可能讓人膽怯,很難知道哪些人是想利用你,哪些人是給你忠告。所以你應(yīng)該咨詢同行的企業(yè)家們,他們購(gòu)買了何種保險(xiǎn)以及是向誰購(gòu)買的。有三類人可以幫你選擇保險(xiǎn):獨(dú)立代理人,專屬代理人,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)咨詢師。
獨(dú)立代理人,別稱“經(jīng)紀(jì)人”,因?yàn)樗麄兇砗芏嗉冶kU(xiǎn)公司,所以可以提供很好的選擇。保險(xiǎn)公司付他們傭金,一般是一張保單每年保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的10%到20%。注意:由于某些保險(xiǎn)公司付給更多傭金,這些經(jīng)紀(jì)人可能受到誘惑,會(huì)有私心和偏愛。
專屬代理人代表某一家保險(xiǎn)公司,從該保險(xiǎn)公司領(lǐng)取薪水,并對(duì)其絕對(duì)忠誠(chéng)。一些諸如Allstate的公司只和自己的代理人打交道;也就是說,你只能通過該家保險(xiǎn)公司的代理人來購(gòu)買此公司的保險(xiǎn)。
每年年末,按照賣出去的保險(xiǎn)和賠償損失之間的比率,獨(dú)立代理人和專屬代理人都可拿到獎(jiǎng)金。這意味著,賣給你盡可能多的保險(xiǎn),而最小化你的索賠,是符合他們利益的。
也要理解,大部分代理人只注意保險(xiǎn)。美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)研究所主要從事小本生意研究的專家Arthur Flitner說,“有時(shí)候,沒有保險(xiǎn),你的問題反而可能處理的更好。”比如說,建立基金以備不時(shí)之需,自己為自己投保來應(yīng)對(duì)某些財(cái)產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn);或執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的 雇傭政策,減少訴訟風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來看,這些更有意義。
這時(shí)就需要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)咨詢師的幫助了。他們收費(fèi)很高,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的項(xiàng)目就要花費(fèi)幾千美元。
【4】如果你的運(yùn)作有很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如果你的公司一年收入2500萬美元,如果你的公司有100多名員工,這時(shí)候雇傭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家,才有意義。
找到了可信的代理人,接下來就要買保險(xiǎn)了。你想去找多少個(gè)代理人都可以,但是需要記。和瑯拥谋kU(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目,保險(xiǎn)公司不會(huì)尋找不同的代理人。
選擇保單
如果公司總值低于300萬美元,你很有可能需要被稱為B.O.P.的業(yè)主保單,它把業(yè)務(wù)保單集中在一起,還讓你增添必要的保單。每個(gè)保險(xiǎn)公司的B.O.P.都不一樣,購(gòu)買的時(shí)候,要確保自己進(jìn)行了精確的比較。
如果公司總值高于300萬美元,你可能必須分開購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)。如果公司有幾十名員工,做生意不得不買的保單有四個(gè):
【5】員工賠償保險(xiǎn)是州法律要求的,它涵蓋員工的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、殘疾人士福利金和死亡賠償。
【6】保險(xiǎn)比率因行業(yè)和職業(yè)不同相差甚遠(yuǎn)。秘書的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) 可能是,每100美元工資給付22美分,而蓋頂工可能是,每100美元給付20多美元。確保你的生意分類正確,不要把玩具廠(制造業(yè)被認(rèn)為是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的)誤 歸為設(shè)計(jì)公司(低風(fēng)險(xiǎn))。雇員填寫索賠表格時(shí),保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)認(rèn)為,你的公司是一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系數(shù)比較高的設(shè)計(jì)公司,從而提高保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
【7】公共調(diào)解員George Von York說,“這是場(chǎng)賭博”。他幫助業(yè)主和保險(xiǎn)公司談判,以期獲得更多賠償!按蟛糠秩艘惠呑右矝]有得到實(shí)在的賠償。但是,孩子,在你需要時(shí),最好還是有保險(xiǎn)!
【8】財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)包括房產(chǎn)和辦公室里的設(shè)備。所在建筑的年齡大小,距離消防隊(duì)的遠(yuǎn)近,建筑材料是鋼鐵還是木材,都會(huì)使保險(xiǎn)比率大有不同。
要注意共同保險(xiǎn)條款,如果保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)為投保金額不足,這個(gè)條款允許保險(xiǎn)公司只賠償部分損失。讓代理人加上“協(xié)定保險(xiǎn)價(jià)額 ”,你和保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)同一個(gè)合適的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值。這可能讓保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)提高15%,卻減少了隨后的爭(zhēng)端。
一般責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)涵蓋公司對(duì)他人健康、財(cái)產(chǎn)或名譽(yù)帶來的傷害損失。一般來說,保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的比率要考慮以下因素:收入,辦公室規(guī)模,客戶數(shù)量。大多數(shù)的基本成套保險(xiǎn),是每次危險(xiǎn)保100萬美元;而傘狀保單以相對(duì)低的價(jià)格涵蓋更大范圍。
【9】如果可能,一定買比較貴的“發(fā)生”保單,它在事故發(fā)生當(dāng)時(shí)就給你賠償,哪怕你已停業(yè)或保單已過期!八髻r”保單與此相反,它只有在你受保期間索賠才有效。
【10】企業(yè)停頓保險(xiǎn)——Melchionda女士本該買的保險(xiǎn),它不僅賠償事故之后房子重建期間的銷售損失、房租、工資損失;還出錢幫你租賃臨時(shí)辦公室或設(shè)備,這樣你可以盡快的回到軌道上去。
這些保單僅僅是投保的開始。根據(jù)你經(jīng)營(yíng)的生意種類,還可增加其他幾十個(gè)保單。像醫(yī)生、醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療過失保險(xiǎn),這些非常重要;而另一些純粹是浪費(fèi)。想要決定你需要哪些保險(xiǎn),可以先問自己兩個(gè)問題:你承受損失的可能性有多大,你自己可以賠償所有損失嗎?正如專家指出的那樣,保險(xiǎn)旨在賠償大災(zāi)難,而不是日常維護(hù)。
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
According to some individuals, if your house is built in the right position, this may affect your success in life, which seems strange to many people. However, to believers in Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy, not only the position but also the choice of decorations and even the color of your home can mean the difference between good fortune and disaster. This art has been practiced for centuries in China and is still used all over South East Asia. Even the huge Hong Kong banks call in a geomant if they are planning to build new offices. They have such faith in his knowledge that if he advises them to move, they will alter their plans for even their biggest buildings.
Like many Oriental beliefs the geomants skill depends on the idea of harmony in nature. If there is no imbalance between the opposing forces of Yin and Yang, the building will bring luck to its inhabitants. This means that the house must be built on the right spot as well as facing the right direction, and also be painted an auspicious color. For instance, if there are mountains to the north, this will protect them from evil influences. If the house is painted red, this will bring happiness to the occupants while green symbolizes youth and will bring long life. Other factors, such as the owners time and date of birth, are taken into account, too. The geomant believes that unless all these are considered when choosing a site for construction, the fortune of the people using it will be at risk.
Indeed, to ignore the geomants advice can have fatal results. The death of the internationally famous Kung-Fu star, Brucee Lee, has been used as an example. It is said that when Lee found out that the house he was living in was an unlucky one, he followed a geomants advice and installed an eight-sided mirror outside his front door to bring him luck. Unfortunately, a storm damaged the mirror and the house was left unprotected from harmful influences. Soon afterwards Lee died in mysterious circumstances.
Not only is Feng-Shui still used in South East Asia, but it has also spread right across the world. Even in modern New York a successful commercial artist called Milton Glaser has found it useful. He was so desperate after his office was broken into six times that he consulted a geomant. He was told to install a fish tank with six black fish and fix a red clock to the ceiling. Since then he has not been burglarized once. It may seem an incredible story, but no other suitable explanation has been offered.
57. From the passage we can infer that Feng-Shui is NOT used in ______.
A) Hong Kong
B) the United States
C) Japan
D) Thailand
58. Geomants believe that ______.
A) houses must only be painted red
B) houses must face mountains
C) nature and life should be in harmony
D) green is an unlucky color
59. Geomants think that the reason for Bruce Lees death is that ______.
A) he didnt follow the geomants advice
B) he installed an eight-sided mirror
C) he misunderstood the geomants advice
D) a storm damaged the protection for his house
60. The story of Milton Glaser shows that ______.
A) colors are not important in geomancy
B) geomancy is used by artists
C) geomancy is used in the West
D) the fight against crime is being won
61. Which of the following best describes geomancy?
A) It is a style of Oriental decoration.
B) It is a type of painting.
C) it is an ancient Chinese belief called Feng-Shui.
D) It is an architectural design.
Section A
原文精譯
【47】每個(gè)人都知道,懶惰是種罪過。我們可能都接受過這樣的訓(xùn)誡:懶惰是不道德的,是浪費(fèi)生命,懶人一生都不會(huì)有什么成就。但懶惰的害處卻遠(yuǎn)不止于此;它通常是更復(fù)雜的原因所致,并不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的怠工?此茟卸璧娜藗,其實(shí)正遭受著更嚴(yán)重的問題!50】他們可能對(duì)同伴極不信任,害怕被嘲弄或 怕自己的想法被別人竊取,以至于不能參加團(tuán)隊(duì)工作。這些看似懶惰的人,可能因?yàn)楹ε旅媾R工作不能取得成效的失敗而停頓不前。其他類型的幻想也可能妨礙工作:他們忙于計(jì)劃,有時(shí)他們計(jì)劃的是實(shí)際上達(dá)不到的偉大成就;嚴(yán)格來講,他們只是在拖延——不斷重新規(guī)劃他們的每一天。
【47】【49】事實(shí)上懶惰可能會(huì)有幫助。就像那些有拖沓習(xí)慣的人一樣,有些人看起來很懶,但實(shí)際上他們?cè)谒伎紗栴}、制定計(jì)劃、深入思索、進(jìn)行研究。我們應(yīng)該記住,有些偉大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然發(fā)生的,或恰好有人“不經(jīng)意時(shí)看到”。蘋果砸到牛頓時(shí),他并不在果園里工作,而他卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了萬有引力定律。我們都希望“懶惰的人”構(gòu)造我們所買的車或爐子,尤其是這種“懶惰”出現(xiàn)的原因是,工人要花時(shí)間去一步步檢查自己的工作,來把工作做好。有時(shí)候,“懶惰” ——即,花時(shí)間休息一下——對(duì)超量工作的學(xué)生或行政長(zhǎng)官來講很有好處。對(duì)拼命訓(xùn)練的運(yùn)動(dòng)員或在醫(yī)院連續(xù)數(shù)夜加班的醫(yī)生來講,休息一下特別有好處。所以,當(dāng)你想叫別人“懶人”時(shí),一定要小心。【48】那個(gè)人有可能正在思考問題,正在休息,或正在構(gòu)思下一部書。
47.答案There are advantages and disadvantages in being lazy.
解析:這篇文章分兩部分講,第一段講到懶惰的缺點(diǎn);第二段提及懶惰的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?忌獙刹糠纸Y(jié)合起來,本文主要講了懶惰的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。注意答案首字母大寫。
48.答案they are distrustful of their fellow workers
解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的第一段。有些人看起來很懶惰,原因在于不信任他人。
49答案Laziness can actually be helpful sometimes.
解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的第二段。段首講述了本段話的主要內(nèi)容:懶惰有時(shí)候很有好處。.
50答案they may be thinking,resting,or planning their next work
解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的第二段。段末講到,想叫某人“懶人”時(shí)一定要小心,因?yàn)樗锌赡茉谒伎、休息、或?gòu)思下一部書。
51答案delusions
解析:此空比較簡(jiǎn)單。fantasy這里指的是delusion,意為“幻想”,考生要注意用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Section B
Passage One
原文精譯
超級(jí)杯是廣告日程上的大事之一,這是各大公司相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng),推出最值得紀(jì)念的、最新穎的廣告。Bain and Company公司的分析師、顧問John Frelinghuysen認(rèn)為,美國(guó)國(guó)家美式足球聯(lián)盟最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的角逐,比任何電視節(jié)目都吸引觀眾,每年二月份都為廣告業(yè)提供了一個(gè)所謂“診脈”的機(jī)會(huì)。 但是今年病人的身體狀況不佳!52】盡管每個(gè)攤位價(jià)格高達(dá)兩千六百萬美元,2008年超級(jí)杯的廣告攤位于2007年11月末已全部賣完。2009年價(jià)位上漲到三百萬美元,但至今至少有10個(gè)攤位(總共67個(gè))依然在尋找買主。
【52】通用汽車在2008年二月份第一個(gè)星期天舉行的超級(jí)杯賽事中共有11個(gè)廣告,但如今它已聲明說2009年它不會(huì)有任何廣告。其他美國(guó)的 兩家汽車制造商,福特和克萊斯勒很有可能會(huì)效仿。網(wǎng)上求職公司Monster com最近炫耀,自己買了一個(gè)攤位。和往年昂貴廣告一字排開、贊賞美國(guó)消費(fèi)主義不一樣,【53】2009年的超級(jí)杯反映國(guó)家在處于經(jīng)濟(jì)消退期,暗示對(duì)廣告 業(yè)來講將是艱苦的一年。
對(duì)來年的預(yù)測(cè)大多是,美國(guó)的廣告消費(fèi)將會(huì)下降5%,甚至更多!56】美國(guó)廣告消費(fèi)很大程度上依賴于汽車行業(yè)的命運(yùn):汽車制造商和銷售商一般每年花200億美元在廣告上,但2008年的前九個(gè)月克萊斯勒和福特砍掉了廣告開支的30%還要多,預(yù)測(cè)2009年會(huì)削減更多,因?yàn)樗麄冃枰獮樯娑?扎。
【56】汽車行業(yè)的形勢(shì)會(huì)影響所有媒體,特別是電視。BMO資本市場(chǎng)的分析師預(yù)測(cè),來年花在電視廣告上的總開支將下降近9%。預(yù)測(cè)報(bào)紙下滑的更 厲害,下滑12%。【54】汽車制造商已經(jīng)把部分的廣告花費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)向了網(wǎng)絡(luò),2009年力度會(huì)更大。汽車廣告為地方電視頻道創(chuàng)造25%的廣告收入,而汽車制造 商曾是國(guó)家電視臺(tái)高價(jià)廣告的固定買主。
迄今為止,下降的廣告開支已經(jīng)對(duì)地方電視臺(tái)造成了嚴(yán)重影響。國(guó)家電視臺(tái)情況好一點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗麄兒蛷V告商的合同是長(zhǎng)期的。但新年里他們也會(huì)感覺到?jīng)?意,因?yàn)楣静粫?huì)再續(xù)約!55】在打印媒體把廣告收入和讀者讓給了網(wǎng)絡(luò)之時(shí),電視的地位依然強(qiáng)勢(shì),而此刻卻可能要下滑。Barclays Capital的媒體分析師Anthony Diclemente說,“下一個(gè)要讓位的是電視臺(tái)。”
52.答案B
解析:本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的推理題。根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的第一段和第二段。第一段段末講到,2007年11月末就賣完了2008年的廣 告攤位,而2009年的廣告攤位現(xiàn)在依然尋找買主。第二段段首以通用汽車為例,它在2008年有11個(gè)廣告,而2009年一個(gè)都沒有。由這些細(xì)節(jié)可以判 斷,廣告商做廣告的熱情在下降。
53.答案C
解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,考生可將答案鎖定在文章的第二段段末。原文講,2009年的超級(jí)杯反映國(guó)家在處于經(jīng)濟(jì)消退期,暗示對(duì)廣告業(yè)來講將是艱苦的一年。
54.答案C
解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的第四段。汽車制造商把視線投向了網(wǎng)絡(luò),通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)來做廣告。
55.答案C
解析:本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的推理題。根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的最后一段?忌胍斫獯司湓挼囊馑,必須要聯(lián)系上下文。上文中講,打印媒體讓位給了網(wǎng)絡(luò),那時(shí)電視的地位依然強(qiáng)勢(shì),而現(xiàn)在電視的地位要下降了。所以此句話的意思是,下一個(gè)要讓位給網(wǎng)絡(luò)的就是電視了。
56.答案D
解析:本題是個(gè)主旨題?忌谖恼碌牡谌魏偷谒亩我部烧业较嚓P(guān)的證據(jù)。第三段中講,美國(guó)廣告消費(fèi)很大程度上依賴于汽車行業(yè)的命運(yùn);文章第四段中講,汽車行業(yè)的形勢(shì)會(huì)影響所有媒體,特別是電視。由此可推斷,汽車制造商的命運(yùn)某種程度上決定了美國(guó)的廣告消費(fèi)。
Passage Two
原文精譯
對(duì)某些人來講,房子所建的位置會(huì)影響人生的成功;而在其他許多人看來,這似乎很奇怪。但是,【61】對(duì)信奉風(fēng)水或占卜的人來講,不僅僅是位置,還有裝修,甚至房子顏色都暗示好運(yùn)和災(zāi)難!61】在中國(guó),數(shù)世紀(jì)之前,就有此做法,【57】而今在東南亞依然存在。香港的大銀行打算設(shè)置新辦公室,都會(huì)叫個(gè)風(fēng)水師來看看。他們非常信任風(fēng)水師。如果風(fēng)水師建議搬走,他們會(huì)修改計(jì)劃,不管建筑多宏偉。
【58】和很多東方的信仰相似,風(fēng)水師的能力取決于他對(duì)自然和諧的看法。如果陰陽和諧,建筑就會(huì)給居民帶來好運(yùn)。這意味著,房子要建筑合適的位置,面朝正確的方向,刷上吉祥的顏色。比如,北面有山,將會(huì)阻擋厄運(yùn)的影響。房子漆上紅色,會(huì)給住戶帶來幸福;綠色代表年經(jīng),暗含長(zhǎng)壽。屋主的出生時(shí)辰此類的因素也要考慮在內(nèi)。風(fēng)水師相信,人們建房子時(shí)如果不考慮這些,那他們將命運(yùn)堪憂。
事實(shí)上,忽視風(fēng)水師的建議,可能會(huì)帶來致命的后果。國(guó)際功夫巨星李小龍之死,是個(gè)很好的例子!59】據(jù)說,李小龍發(fā)現(xiàn)自己居住的房子不吉利時(shí),他聽從風(fēng)水師的建議,在前門外安裝了一個(gè)八面的鏡子,期望帶來好運(yùn)。不幸的是,暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了保護(hù)房子的鏡子。隨后不久,李小龍神秘死亡。
【57】【60】風(fēng)水不僅在東南亞盛行,現(xiàn)在傳播到了全世界。即使在最現(xiàn)代的紐約,非常成功的商業(yè)藝術(shù)家Milton Glaser也發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有用。歹徒破門進(jìn)入他辦公室六次,他很絕望,咨詢了風(fēng)水師。風(fēng)水師告訴他,安裝一個(gè)魚缸,放6條黑色的魚,房頂裝一個(gè)紅色的鐘。自此之后,盜賊再也沒有光臨過。故事似乎難以置信,卻沒有其他合理的解釋。
57.答案C
解析:本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的判斷題。文中講到,風(fēng)水在東南亞很流行,現(xiàn)在還傳播到了西方國(guó)家。選項(xiàng)A和D屬于東南亞的,選項(xiàng)B在文章最后一段出現(xiàn),用排除法可以判斷C為正確選項(xiàng)。
58.答案C
解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題?忌涉i定文章第二段,開頭就說到風(fēng)水師很看重和自然的和諧一致。選項(xiàng)D和文中意思剛好相反,而選項(xiàng)A和B只是文中用來說明和諧的例子而已。
59.答案D
解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的Bruce Lee,考生可將答案定位在文章的第三段。李小龍聽風(fēng)水師的建議安裝了鏡子,但暴風(fēng)雨打碎了鏡子,所以保護(hù)房子的屏障沒有了。
60.答案C
解析:本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的總結(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的人名Milton Glaser,考生可鎖定文章的最后一段。第一句話是主題句,風(fēng)水在西方流行開來,而Milton Glaser之事僅僅是證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的例子。
61.答案C
解析:本題是個(gè)總結(jié)判斷題。通觀全文,可用排除法來選擇正確答案。選項(xiàng)A、B、D只是風(fēng)水師看風(fēng)水時(shí)考慮的因素。而文章的一段,把風(fēng)水解釋為占卜(Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy),接著說,在中國(guó)數(shù)世紀(jì)之前就很盛行。由此可以推斷C為正確答案。
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