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2014年英語四級寫作常見錯(cuò)誤匯總

　　大學(xué)英語寫作是檢驗(yàn)大學(xué)生英語實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的一種重要方法,是衡量大學(xué)生英語綜合水平和應(yīng)用能力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo),也是大學(xué)英語四級考試的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。但從全國大學(xué)英語四級考試的情況來看,學(xué)生寫作部分的平均得分率一直最低。這反映出大學(xué)生英語寫作能力相對薄弱。從某種程度上來看,這一現(xiàn)象歸因于兩個(gè)主要因素:1. 學(xué)生英語寫作能力的開發(fā)滯后;2. 學(xué)生寫作能力出現(xiàn)石化現(xiàn)象。這兩種主要癥狀清晰地反映在學(xué)生的作文中。

2014年英語四級寫作常見錯(cuò)誤匯總

　　1. 單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤

　　例1. (誤) I am writting a letter in reply to you.

　　(正) I am writing a letter in reply to you.

　　例2. (誤) You said you wanted to come to my colege.

　　(正) You said you wanted to come to my college.

　　例3. (誤) You must have some probelems.

　　(正) You must have some problems.

　　例句1 是字母添加錯(cuò)誤,即把不該雙寫的字母雙寫了;而例句2 是字母減略錯(cuò)誤,即把雙寫的字母拼寫成單寫;例句3 是典型的語音變異型錯(cuò)誤,為加音錯(cuò)誤。這些錯(cuò)誤均發(fā)生在單詞的非重讀音節(jié)中,這說明音響的強(qiáng)度對單詞的拼寫有相當(dāng)程度的影響。

　　2. 時(shí)態(tài)方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　寫議論文一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。只有舉例，提到過去的事才會用到過去時(shí)。

　　3 主謂，人稱等違反一致性方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　寫一個(gè)句子，乃至一篇文章里人稱始終要保持一致，不能一會兒用第三人稱，一會兒又用第一人稱。

　　4 修飾語的位置錯(cuò)誤

　　a) Without television, people can’t get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately.

　　Immediately既可以修飾 comes：“得到迅速從各方面?zhèn)鱽淼南?rdquo;，也可以修飾 get：“迅速得到從各方面?zhèn)鱽淼南?rdquo;，意思含糊不清，所以要把它放到can’t的后面。

　　b) To participate in class discussion, a lot of books have to be read.

　　不定式短語的邏輯主語決不是o lot of books，為了把邏輯關(guān)系表達(dá)清楚，要么把不定式短語改成 If one wants to participate in class discussion，要么把主句改成you have to read a lot of books。

　　5. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)平行方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　a) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking, and read at home.

　　用語法平行結(jié)構(gòu)原則來衡量。前面用ing 形式，最后一個(gè)用動(dòng)詞原形 read是不妥的，為了和 do shopping, do banking保持結(jié)構(gòu)上平行，接下來的一個(gè)內(nèi)容要用 reading。

　　b) Participating in class discussion is not only good for the pursuit of knowledge, and through it we can also develop our analytical skills.

　　同樣，在說同樣的事時(shí)，相鄰的句子在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上盡可能要保持一致。后半句宜改為：It is also beneficial to the development of our analytical skills。

　　6. 代詞用法方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　a) Sometimes teachers will inform students of the difficulty they will meet with in studies.

　　They既可以指代 teachers，也可以代students，明顯的是指代不清。其實(shí)只要把其中的一個(gè)名詞變成單數(shù)，用 he和 they 分別代不同的名詞就清楚了。如：Sometimes a teacher will inform students of the difficulty they will meet with in studies.

　　b) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.

　　It指什么?指 influence ，在often proves useless句子中顯然不通。作者知道 it指人們的努力，但 effort這個(gè)詞前面沒有出現(xiàn)過，就不能用it，所以要把 it改成 the effort。

　　7. 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　information, evidence, advice, knowledge等是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)。many, a great number of, another, few等只能與可數(shù)名詞配用。而 a great amount of, a great deal of, less, much等須與不可數(shù)名詞配用。

　　8. 冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　a) Book knowledge is important, but we should also learn something in the society.

　　b) When I was in the high school, I always had a beautiful picture of the college life.

　　在沒有特指意義時(shí)，不能用表示特指的定冠詞The。這幾句中的the都應(yīng)去掉。

　　c) There is a lot of discussion in the class.

　　表示上課，用手，走路，上學(xué)，住院等都不用定冠詞：In class, by hand, on foot, go to college, at hospital。

　　9.句子完整方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　a) TV now plays an important role in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.

　　中文用“因?yàn)?rdquo;引出的句子可以獨(dú)立，而英文不行，用Because, since, as從句，只能附屬主句：because we cannot live without it。

　　b) There are many ways to contact with society. For example, joining clubs, take part time jobs and help the poor.

　　For example 引出的應(yīng)是句子：For example we may join clubs, take part time jobs and help the poor. 而Such as引出的只能是詞或詞組，不能獨(dú)立成句： Such as joining clubs, taking part time jobs and helping the poor.

　　c) Unlike the movie, TV shows on continuously, and doesn’t need to pay any extra money.

　　Doesn’t need to pay any extra money的主語是什么? 顯然不是TV。漢語可以說：電視可以一直看下去，無需再花什么錢。將主語省去，但英語一定要有明顯的主語，所以在 doesn’t need to pay any extra money 前要加上one。

　　d) Reading books can acquire knowledge.

　　看上去句子有主語：Reading books。但這是假主語，因?yàn)?acquire knowledge的主語必須是人。漢語的主語和謂語關(guān)系是主題和評論的關(guān)系，可以說“讀書能獲得知識”。但英語不行，一定要有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。因此改成：Through reading one can acquire knowledge.

　　10. 過渡詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　The city is seriously polluted, people have no fresh air to breathe now.

　　中文可以靠意思本身來連接句子，但英文一定要用過渡詞來表示因果，轉(zhuǎn)折或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。所以這一句可以是The city is so seriously polluted that people have no fresh air to breathe now. 或As the city is seriously polluted, people have no fresh air to breathe now.

　　11. 詞語搭配方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　a) We students might learn more knowledge through the lecture system.

　　“學(xué)習(xí)知識”是作文中常要表達(dá)的，但大多數(shù)學(xué)生總是用錯(cuò)。英語中能和Knowledge搭配的不是 learn/study而是 obtain, acquire, gain等。同樣和 traffic搭配的不是 crowded而是 traffic is rather heavy/busy;和 speed, price搭配的不是 fast, expensive，而是 The speed/price of the car is high.

　　b) Open your computer, you can know everything in the world.

　　Open是打開蓋子的意思。打開電腦蓋子，只能看到芯片，怎么是 everything in the world ，這里應(yīng)用turn on。打開信也不能用 open,而是用 unfold the letter。同時(shí) People began to eat more vice food搭配也不對。副食品應(yīng)是 non-staple foodstuff。而副總統(tǒng)，副經(jīng)理，副教授，副作用分別是 vice president, assistant managers, associate professors, side effects，一定要牢記。

　　12.詞語方面的錯(cuò)誤

　　c) After four years, we all graduated from college and entered society.

　　過去時(shí)里表示四年后，應(yīng)用Four years later，而不是 after fore years，用于表示將來的四年后，也不用 after，而是用介詞 in: We will all graduate in four years.

　　d) The computer like TV, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

　　表示“像”，Like是介詞，這里誤用為動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)是： Like TV, the computer has both advantages and disadvantages.同樣，Obviously, our country would stop develop if no electricity，這里 develop 的正確用法應(yīng)是動(dòng)名詞developing，而 no 也不是動(dòng)詞，表示沒有，英語的動(dòng)詞是There is not(no)或 have not。

　　e) In my opinion, I think both the systems must be improved.

　　In my opinion的意思已經(jīng)包括在 I think 里了，用一個(gè)就可以了。同樣，People try to find a solution to solve the problem去掉 solve意思沒有變，但句子簡潔多了。

　　f) The reason why many students like the lecture system is because it helps them to learn quickly and much more.

　　句中Reason, why, because都指同一意思，至少要去掉一個(gè)�？梢愿某桑篗any students like the lecture system because it helps them to learn quickly and much more.

　　13.中國式英語表達(dá)

　　1) 變化的原因有三點(diǎn)。

　　(誤)The reasons for this change has three points.

　　(正) There are three reasons for this change.

　　2) 這樣我的英語水平就提高了。

　　(誤) My English level has thus improved.

　　(正) My English has thus improved.

　　3) 看電視能開闊眼界。