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2016年公共英語五級WSK語法知識精講匯總
語法是英語遣詞造句的基礎(chǔ)，為了幫助大家備考2016年公共英語考試，小編整理了以下語法知識精講材料，希望幫助到各位考生。
2016年公共英語五級WSK語法精講：動名詞
【動名詞】
動名詞作主語、賓語和表語
1)作主語
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。
2)作賓語
a. 動詞后加動名詞doing作賓語
V. + doing sth
admit 承認 appreciate 感激,贊賞 avoid 避免
complete 完成 consider 認為 delay 耽誤
deny 否認 detest 討厭 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜歡
escape 逃脫 prevent阻止 fancy 想象
finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意
miss 想念 postpone 推遲 practise 訓(xùn)練
recall 回憶 resent 討厭 resist 抵抗
resume 繼續(xù) risk 冒險 suggest 建議
face 面對 include 包括 stand 忍受
understand 理解 forgive 寬恕 keep 繼續(xù)
舉例：
(1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
b. 詞組后接doing
admit to; prefer...to; be used to;
lead to; devote oneself to; object to;
stick to; busy; look forward to(to為介詞);
no good; no use; It’s worth...;
as well as; can’t help; It’s no use/good;
be tired of; be fond of; be capable of;
be afraid of; be proud of; think of/about;
hold off; put off; keep on;
insist on; count on / upon; set about;
be successful in; good at; take up;
3)作表語
Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
2016年公共英語五級WSK語法精講：名詞性從句
【名詞性從句】
概念
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
連接詞：that、whether、if不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞：what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which.
連接副詞：when、where、how、why
不可省略的連詞
1. 介詞后的連詞
2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較：whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether不能被if 取代：
1. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首
2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：
主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：
a.It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that... 有必要……
It is important that... 重要的是……
It is obvious that... 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that... 人們相信……
It is known to all that... 從所周知……
It has been decided that... 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that... ……是常識
It is a surprise that... 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that... 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that... 似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that... 我突然想起……
名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等連接代詞和where、when、how、why等連接副詞。
Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：
主語： How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。
直接賓語：In one’s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。
2016年公共英語五級WSK語法精講：虛擬語氣
【虛擬語氣】
1.概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。
2.在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。
真實條件句
真實條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中if是“如果”的意思。
時態(tài)關(guān)系
句型：條件從句+主句
一般現(xiàn)在時：shall/will + 動詞原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例題
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
注意：
1) 在真實條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，該用shall, will.
(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2) 表示真理時，主句謂語動詞便不用shall (will) +動詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式。
非真實條件句
時態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點是時態(tài)退后。
a.同現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)。
句型：條件從句+主句
一般過去時：should(would)+動詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于過去事實相反的假設(shè)。
句型：條件從句+主句
過去完成時：should(would)have+ 過去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含義： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示對將來的假想
句型：條件從句+主句
一般過去時：should+動詞原形/were+不定式/would+動詞原形/should+ 動詞原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
混合條件句
主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，這時主，從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
(從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。)
If it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).
虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were、should、或had可將if省略，再把were、should或had移到從句句首，實行倒裝。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞“be”的過去時態(tài)一律用“were”，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就會去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。
典型例題
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞，通常將if省略，主語提前, 變成 were、should、had+主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do，而不能說 Weren’t I to do.
2016年公共英語五級WSK語法精講：分詞
【分詞】
分詞作定語
1.分詞前置
We can see the rising sun.我們可以看到東升的旭日
He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人。
2.分詞后置 (i.分詞詞組;ii.個別分詞如given, left; iii.修飾不定代詞something等)
There was a girl sitting there.有個女孩坐在那里
This is the question given.這是所給的問題
There is nothing interesting.沒有有趣的東西
過去分詞作定語
與其修飾的詞是被動關(guān)系，相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例題
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 書與寫作是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語表被動，相當于定語從句which is written
2)What’s the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案B. 主語language與謂語動詞之間有被動的含義。
spoken是動詞speak的過去分詞形式，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken與language有被動關(guān)系。
該句可以理解為：
What’s the language (which is) spoken in German?
分詞作狀語
As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多給些照顧，那些樹會長得更好。
典型例題
1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon與follow之間有被動的含義。being followed除表達被動之外，還有動作正在進行之意。followed by(被...跟隨)。
本題可改為：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動。用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本題要選一分詞作為狀語�，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，正在進行的;過去分詞表被動的，已經(jīng)完成的。對于液體來說是加熱的受動者，是被動的，因而選C。它相當于一個狀語從句 When it is heated，...
注意： 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
2016年公共英語五級WSK語法精講：情態(tài)動詞
【情態(tài)動詞】
情態(tài)動詞的語法特征
1)情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。
2)情態(tài)動詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。
3)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。
4)情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。
比較can和be able to
1)can、could表示能力;可能(過去時用could), 只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a. 位于助動詞后。
b. 情態(tài)動詞后。
c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示時態(tài)
1)提出委婉的請求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。
-- Could I have the television on?
-- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
2)在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
He couldn’t be a bad man.
他不大可能是壞人。
比較may和might
1)表示允許或請求;表示沒有把握的推測;may放在句首，表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意：might表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。
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