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2017年英語等級考試公共英語一級口語精講
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Lesson 9
l Further notes on one text
1. air the room 給房間通通風(fēng):
air 有空氣的意思,但這里做動詞。本課中還有:dust(n.)灰塵;(v.)撣掉灰塵的意思。常用名詞做的動詞的詞有:
aim air act answer back bag bank bike brush buckle bundle bump button cart cream cry cash climb channel cough catch crash crush crank craft count drink dive dish dent deck duck drool dump dunk drive dream email end equal finish figure face fence file finger fetch flank flick flow fish fire gamble glow goof grade gun gulp gap grind group hand hold hit ham hint heel hunt hem help hack ink itch ice inch iron jump joke jam jab jinx jerk kill kick kiss keep knock key knit knife lace line light lick laugh lust long lounge love moan mince master must mope map move mind nag nick neck name nod orbit offer play paint point part party plot plan picture push perm pump prance quiz quest read rack ram reach run roll record round rest rescue rope set sample shock sail shot shout shove sip sack strike stand slump stop stamp slap sleep turn tag tin tie tan time try throw track trace treat wire whine wall walk whip wrap yawn yell yarn
2. make the bed鋪床
3. Tim is = Tim is climbing the tree.
l Expressions:
1. 情態(tài)動詞:
情態(tài)動詞(Model Verbs),又稱情態(tài)助動詞(Model Auxiliaries),表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,或表示主觀設(shè)想。常用的情態(tài)動詞有:can(能);may(也許);must(應(yīng)該);will(愿意);shall(將會);need(必需);have(已經(jīng))等。其語法規(guī)則為:
(1)情態(tài)動詞有自己的詞義,但不能單獨使用,必須和不帶to的動詞原形組成動詞不定式。(ought、have除外):
I must be going school. 我必須上學(xué)去了。
(2)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱或復(fù)數(shù)的變化。
You must nurse your children. 你必須照顧好你的孩子。
(3)情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式:
can(could) may(might) must(had to) will(would) shall(should)
(4)情態(tài)動詞的問句與否定形式:
Can you Speak English?
Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
I can’t speak English.
2. 現(xiàn)在時行時:
語法:助動詞be + 現(xiàn)在分詞
用法:
(1)表示現(xiàn)的在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情:
Don’t call me, I’m having a meeting.不要給我打電話,我正在開會。
(2)當(dāng)將來時使用,主要表示要按劃或安排要發(fā)和的動作:
They’re getting married next month. 他們下個月結(jié)婚。
(3)習(xí)慣的事件,表示長期或重復(fù)性的動作。
I’m going to school on 8 o’clock. 我每天八點都要上學(xué)。
或者正在進行的事
I’m writing a book on the English. 我正在寫一本關(guān)于英語方面的書。
(4)帶有感情色彩表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡,當(dāng)與副詞always, forever, constantly, continually.注意和一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別:
She’s always helping people. 她老是幫助別人。(表贊揚)
She always helps others. 他總是幫助別人。(陳述一個事實)
(5)表示漸變的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。要注意用現(xiàn)在進行時。
The leaves are turning red. 樹葉變紅了。
現(xiàn)在分詞:
1 一般情況下,直接在動詞后加-ing
work ---- working
sleep ----- sleeping
study ----- studying
2 動詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾,要去-e加-ing
take ----- taking
make ----- making
dance ----- dancing
3 重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞,要雙寫詞尾字母,再加-ing (單音節(jié)的動詞都重讀,但像open因為第一個音節(jié)重讀所以opening)
cut ----- cutting
put ----- putting
begin ------ beginning
(重讀r音節(jié)也要用這條規(guī)則,但只限定單元+單讀和重讀同時滿足,hearing remembering)
refer ----- referring
prefer----- preferring
4 以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞,把變成y再加-ing
lie ----- lying
tie ----- tying
die ----- dying
現(xiàn)在進行的例子:
The teacher is teaching these students in the classroom.
The teacher isn’t teaching these students in the classroom.
Is the teacher teaching these students in the classroom? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
What is the teacher doing?
Who is teaching these students?
Where is the teacher teaching these students?
3. What about 用法:
What about = How about
What about … 和 how about … 是英語口語中常用的兩個省略句型,它們的意思和用法基本相同,常常用在以下場合。例如:
1. 向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請求。例如:
How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好嗎?
What about another cake? 再吃塊蛋糕好嗎?
2. 征詢對方的看法或意見。例如:
What about the playing the violin? (你認為)她的小提琴拉的怎么樣?
What about the TV play? 那個電視劇怎么樣?
3. 詢問天氣或身體等情況。例如:
What about the weather in your home town? 你們家鄉(xiāng)的氣候如何?
How about your uncle now? You can’t leave him by himself. 你叔叔近來身體好嗎?你們不能單獨讓他生活。
4. 寒暄時用作承接上下文的轉(zhuǎn)折語。例如:
I am from Beijing. What about you? 我是北京人,你呢?
5. 對所陳述的情況做出反詰,常給予對方一種暗示。例如:
My memory is good. I’ve never forgotten anything. 我的記憶力很好,從不忘記什么。
What about that time you left your key to the office at home? 那次你將辦公室的要是忘在家里算是怎么回事呀?
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