2016年GMAT語法代詞之it與which的使用

　　在GMAT語法題中，it與which不能指代前面整件事或整句話的意思，因?yàn)閕t與which也是代詞，所以當(dāng)我們看到劃線部分出現(xiàn)了it或which的時(shí)候一定要注意是否有語法錯(cuò)誤，it與which是GMAT語法考題中的高頻考點(diǎn)。

　　下面的這道題我們講的是it

　　1. More than five thousand years ago, Chinese scholars accurately described the flow of blood as a contin­uous circle controlled by the heart, but it went unnoticed in the West.

　　(A) but it went

　　(B) but it was

　　(C) although it was

　　(D) but the discovery went

　　(E) although the discovery was

　　答案：D

　　解析：五千年前中國(guó)學(xué)者精確地描述血液流動(dòng)是被心臟控制的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，但是這個(gè)()并沒有被西方所發(fā)現(xiàn)。這時(shí)候劃線部分出現(xiàn)了it，根據(jù)我們的判斷，在無法用單復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)分的情況下，it優(yōu)先指代主語，如果不指代主語就指代賓語。賓語是“血液流動(dòng)”，如果it指代賓語，代入原文就變成了“血液流動(dòng)并沒有被西方發(fā)現(xiàn)”，顯然西方的科技沒有落后到如此地步，it指代賓語是不正確的。It應(yīng)該指代前面整句話，就是的血液流動(dòng)是被心臟控制的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。所以選D。由此，我們還可以得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，就是當(dāng)代詞指代不清楚的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該用一個(gè)概括性的抽象名詞來指代。

　　下面的這道題我們講的是which

　　2. The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.

　　(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.

　　(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s and cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　答案:E

　　解析：鋼廠現(xiàn)代化這件事花了51 million dollars，()有希望在1980年代被完成。A選項(xiàng)it is hoped插入語出現(xiàn)，前后應(yīng)該各打逗號(hào)，且情態(tài)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)，答案一定出現(xiàn)can。但是which不能指代整件事或整句話的意思，所以A錯(cuò)。B和C選項(xiàng)hopefully是口語化表達(dá)，情態(tài)動(dòng)can被省略掉了，所以都錯(cuò)。D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了代詞which，which不能指代整件事或整句話的意思，只能就近指代前面的名詞，在選項(xiàng)中which修飾的是steel mill，很明顯是錯(cuò)的，因?yàn)?)中說的是鋼廠現(xiàn)代化這件事花了51 million dollars這件事。所以，E選項(xiàng)正確。由此題，我們除了可以得出當(dāng)代詞指代不清楚的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該用一個(gè)概括性的抽象名詞來指代這個(gè)結(jié)論以外，還可以知道動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為單數(shù)。

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