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GMAT語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：Modifiers和Pronouns的故事
一、Position of Noun Modifiers 名詞修飾語(yǔ)的位置
要把nounmodifiers放到正確的位置，否則thesentence may have an illogical or ambiguous meaning,即句子會(huì)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)意問題
Remember this rule: Place a NOUN and its MODIFIER as closetogether as possible—the closer, the better!
WRONG: A hard worker and loyal teamplayer, the new project was managed by Sue.
然而，Who is a hard worker and loyal team player? 不是the project! 所以這個(gè)句子illogical.
應(yīng)該改為：A hard worker and loyal team player, Sue managed the new project.
在大多數(shù)情況下，名詞和它的修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)該緊挨著，然而有些情況，名詞和它的修飾語(yǔ)之間會(huì)有一些其他的修飾語(yǔ)，如The box of nails, which is nearly full, belongs to Jean.
名詞box有兩個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)：of nails和which isnearly full，因?yàn)橛袃蓚�(gè)修飾語(yǔ)，必定有一個(gè)會(huì)不挨著名詞。然而要哪個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)緊挨著名詞呢?答案是，必要性修飾詞(essential adjectives)。
看下面兩個(gè)句子，哪個(gè)更好些?
Jim biked along an old dirt road toget to his house, which cut through the woods.
To get to his house, Jim biked alongan old dirt road, which cut through the woods.
什么cut through the woods? The road. Modifiers should be as close as possibleto the nouns they modify.所以第二句更好，which緊挨著要修飾的名詞road。
二、Possessive Nouns Are Not Nouns! 所有格名詞不是名詞
如Happy about his raise, Bill's celebration included taking his friendsout to dinner. Happy修飾的是Bill而不是Bill'scelebration。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，句子想表達(dá)的意思是“Bill's celebration is happy about his raise.”語(yǔ)意illogically。
改為：Happy about his raise, Bill celebrated by taking his friends to dinner.
三、Noun Modifier Markers: Relative Pronouns名詞修飾語(yǔ)的標(biāo)記：關(guān)系代詞
Noun modifiers (關(guān)系代詞) are often introduced byrelative pronouns such as the following: Which That Who Whose Whom Where When.
第一，上面的修飾詞，除了that以外經(jīng)常是 nounmodifiers的marker. 如果that前面是名詞，that就是名詞的nounmodifier，如果that前面是動(dòng)詞，that就引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)更加復(fù)雜的句型：subject–verb–THAT–subject–verb–object.
第二，who和whom必須修飾人，而其他的代詞不能修飾人，而whose可以除人以外的物，如The town whose watersupply was contaminated is near the steel factory.
第三，Which 或 whom 有時(shí)在介詞的后面，如： the canal throughwhich water flows; the senator(參議員)for whom we worked.
第四，where修飾名詞性的地方，如area,site, country, or city;然而where不能修飾“不明確的、隱喻的”地方，如condition, situation, case, circumstances, or arrangement.
Wrong: We had an arrangementWHERE he cooked and I cleaned.
Right: We had an arrangement INWHICH he cooked and I cleaned.
第五，when 能夠修飾 a nounevent or time, such as period, age, 1987, or decade.在這種情況下，when = in which.
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