英語(yǔ)聽力考試答題技巧
一． 應(yīng)試的三個(gè)步驟
英國(guó)聽力教學(xué)法專家Mary Underwood根據(jù)聽力理論和記憶的心理規(guī)律設(shè)計(jì)了聽的三個(gè)步驟，即“聽前”（pre-listening）、“聽時(shí)”（while-listening）和“聽后”（post-listening）。這三個(gè)步驟概括了聽力理解全部過程的思維活動(dòng)，它們不僅適用于平時(shí)的聽力訓(xùn)練，也適用于應(yīng)試聽力的全過程。聽力理解方法和技巧實(shí)際上就是這三個(gè)步驟的具體實(shí)施。
（一） 聽前（pre-listening）
聽力考試前必須穩(wěn)定情緒，做好聽音的準(zhǔn)備工作。在放音之前，抓緊時(shí)間速讀書面選擇項(xiàng)，對(duì)可能設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容作出粗略的猜測(cè)和推斷，同時(shí)也需進(jìn)行聯(lián)想，即可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容與自己具有的相關(guān)知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來，思想介入到要聽的內(nèi)容中去。如若選擇項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)不同的人名、地名、數(shù)字、時(shí)間或年代以及不同的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須做好強(qiáng)記的準(zhǔn)備。
（二） 聽時(shí)（while-listening）
聽音時(shí)思想要集中，但情緒不可過度緊張。在聽音中要利用預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)得到的潛在信息把握聽音的重點(diǎn)，也可利用符號(hào)、圖示等方法迅速記錄要點(diǎn)以促進(jìn)有效記憶。在聽音過程中，必須眼耳并用，也就是一邊用耳聽，一邊用眼瀏覽選擇項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分析和歸納，做到聽與瀏覽相結(jié)合、聽與思考及記憶相結(jié)合。這一過程必須在短暫的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。
（三） 聽后（post-listening）
聽完錄音后要迅速意念和整理所聽懂的內(nèi)容，并根據(jù)書面問題選擇或檢驗(yàn)答案。要嚴(yán)格控制答題時(shí)間，正確答案與聽力原文之間的統(tǒng)一性是解題的基本方法�？忌朴诟鶕�(jù)提問的形式，采用不同的解題方法。
二．力題型分析
1 問題類型
A. What...?
1)問“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類”等，如：
What is the man’s answer?
What does the woman want for lunch?
What are they talking about?
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2)問“做什么”，如：
What does the woman tell the man to do first?
What are the speakers doing now?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
3)問“什么含義”，如：
What does the man mean(imply)?
What does the woman's answer suggest?
4)問“從對(duì)話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論”，如：
What can we learn from the conversation?
What can be concluded from this conversation?
5)問“對(duì)某人或某事有什么看法”，如：
What does the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the woman think of the plan?
B. Where...?
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the man and the woman?
C. When...?
When did the game finally start?
When will he be paid?
When will the winter vacation begin?
D. Why...?
Why is the man late?
Why did the man repair the car by himself?
E. Who...?
可能問對(duì)話者某一方的身份、對(duì)話人之間的關(guān)系或?qū)υ捴猩婕暗降钠渌说那闆r，如：
W: May I help you , Sir?
M: I hope so. It's my watch. I brought it in to be repaired, but I've lost the receipt.
Q: Who is the man?
F. How...?
1)問做事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：
How did the teacher usually begin his class?
How does the man usually go to work?
2)問“對(duì)某事的感受如何”，如：
How does the man feel about the movie?
How do you like the film?
G. How many (much)...?
How many persons...?
How many dozens of ... does ... want?
How much does ...?
How old is ...?
How long does it take ... to...?
2 對(duì)話類型
A.時(shí)間類：包括直接型和計(jì)算型。如：
W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.
Q: When must the man return his books to the library?
B. 數(shù)字類：包括直接型和計(jì)算型。如：
W: Do you live in a college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It's a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
C. 地點(diǎn)類：包括直接型和含蓄型。如：
M: I need to cash this check?
W: Will you step right over to the teller's window, please?
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
D. 否定類。
此類對(duì)話既可以含有not, no, neither, nor等否定詞，也有but, although等轉(zhuǎn)折詞，或由would rather, too...to結(jié)構(gòu)及虛擬語(yǔ)氣等表達(dá)。因此，對(duì)于后者要特別加以注意。如：
M: Ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?
W: I wish I could help you. I went shopping yesterday. Now I have only two dollars till the end of the week.
Q: Will the man borrow any money from the woman?
此題的答案肯定是No。聽這段話時(shí)要抓住I wish I could help you.這一關(guān)鍵話語(yǔ)。這句話雖然從表面上看是肯定式，但卻隱含著I'm sorry I can’t help you.的意思。
E.人物類：包括人物關(guān)系、人物身份兩類。
此類對(duì)話提供一個(gè)情節(jié)，能反映所涉及的人的關(guān)系或身份。如：
M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.
W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?
Q: What's the relationship between the man and woman?
F.活動(dòng)類。
這一類談話內(nèi)容可涉及上課、娛樂、工作、日常生活等各種情況。如：
W: Are you going to New York next weekend?
M: Yes, I'm going to look up Bill while I'm there.
Q: What's the man going to do?
這類對(duì)話中往往先后出現(xiàn)幾種情況，要注意聽問句是什么，然后再作出選擇。
3 幾種常見的解題方法
這一部分的對(duì)話雖然簡(jiǎn)短，但多數(shù)情況下，往往不能從聽到的內(nèi)容中找到與選擇項(xiàng)內(nèi)容完全相同的部分，即對(duì)話中一般沒有現(xiàn)成的答案。因此，在聽的時(shí)候要注意抓住選擇項(xiàng)的同義或反義詞（組）用辨別法答題（解活動(dòng)類多用此方法），或根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題，類型不僅僅限于諸如 “What does the man mean?” 這樣的題目，其它如含蓄人物類、人物身份類、含蓄地點(diǎn)類、否定類題目也與此類似。如：
W: How do you like the play you saw last night?
M: Well, I should have stayed at home.
Q: What does the man think of the play?
A) It is exciting.
B) It is boring.
C) He didn’t see the play.
D) He likes it very much.
對(duì)話中 “I should have stayed at home.(我真該待在家里)，這句話已婉轉(zhuǎn)地表明他不喜歡這出戲，而對(duì)沒有待在家里表示遺憾，后悔（should have done something這種結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示“對(duì)應(yīng)該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責(zé)”）。能使他產(chǎn)生此感想的原因自然是“The play is boring.”（演出令人厭煩），因而Ｂ是正確的答案。
聽短文或?qū)υ�，獲取要求的信息：
該類題型通常是在一個(gè)段落中選出五個(gè)信息點(diǎn)，要求考生填空�？忌诼牰牡幕A(chǔ)上，寫下所聽到的單詞或詞組，是目前英語(yǔ)高考的新題型。
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