2016托福閱讀陌生詞匯解決技巧

　　托福閱讀的十種題型中，詞匯題是占比例較多的，每篇文章都會(huì)有3-5題，詞匯題所問(wèn)單詞考生認(rèn)識(shí)自然是好，可直接選答案。但很多時(shí)候，考生是會(huì)遇到自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞。這個(gè)時(shí)候也不要簡(jiǎn)單粗暴的放棄，隨便選一個(gè)答案。

　　大多數(shù)的詞匯題在它的上下文中都有對(duì)這個(gè)單詞意思的提示。其中有所考察單詞的同義詞出現(xiàn)在該單詞附近是很重要的一個(gè)思路。我們來(lái)看下面這個(gè)例題

　　This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is,virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.

　　The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　○Clearly

　　○Perhaps

　　○Frequently

　　○Almost

　　在這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，假若考生不認(rèn)識(shí)virtually這個(gè)詞，我們可以去到上下文找線索。我們看到這個(gè)句子里面是有一對(duì)破折號(hào)的，那么在同一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，一對(duì)破折號(hào)起了括號(hào)的作用，也就是破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文的解釋。那么 almost negligible 等于virtually no , 也就是almost 等于virtually, 我們?cè)倏催x項(xiàng)，剛好就有almost 正好出現(xiàn)在了選項(xiàng)中。

　　♦ ♦ ♦

　　再看下面這個(gè)例題,

　　Another suggestion is that before children can talk about past events in their lives, they need to have a reasonable understanding of the self as a psychological entity. The development of an understanding of the self becomes evident between the first and second years of life and shows rapid elaboration in subsequent years.

　　The word “ elaboration” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　○ development

　　○ specialization

　　○ use

　　○ transformation

　　有些同學(xué)記過(guò)這個(gè)詞，大意是精致，詳盡。在這幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中似乎找不到同義詞。這種情況也要回到文中去找線索。在The development of an understanding of the self becomes evident between the first and second years of life and shows rapid elaboration in subsequent years.這個(gè)句子中，有一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

　　The first and second years in subsequent years

　　The development becomes evident rapid elaboration

　　是分兩個(gè)時(shí)間階段講一件事的發(fā)展過(guò)程，如果分兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)講兩件不同的事就不合邏輯。所以這兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是一件事。也就是elaboration 等于development. 答案也就顯而易見(jiàn)了。

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