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成人英語三級詞匯語法名師指導(dǎo)
所謂垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)(The Dangling Construction)就是一個句子成分，如分詞短語，不定式動詞短語等，找不到被修飾的主語或被修飾的對象不合邏輯。垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)是種錯誤的句法，應(yīng)該避免。.以下是小編為大家搜索整理的成人英語三級詞匯語法名師指導(dǎo)，希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?更多精彩內(nèi)容請及時關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
下面是三種常見的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)及其改正方法：
�、贝箲曳衷~或分詞短語，如：
① Climbing up the hill， several boars were seen.
這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(present participial phrase)修飾主語“several boars”是錯的;改正方法有二：
(a)確定是邏輯主語，使句子變成“Climbing up the hill， the explorers saw several boars.”
(b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語擴(kuò)大為副詞分句(也稱狀語從句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill， they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”
�、泊箲腋痹~短語，如：
�、� After putting a shrimp on the hook， the fish began to bite.
這句的副詞短語(adverb phrase)和主語“the fish”有什么邏輯關(guān)系呢?真正的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才對。改正方法和例①同：
(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook， the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook， the fish began to bite.
⒊垂懸不定式動詞短語，如：
�、� To write well， a lot of practice is needed.
④ To be a loyal employee， a sense of belonging is a must.
這兩個句子的不定式動詞短語(infinitive phrases)并不能修飾“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主語必須是“ 人”，如：
(a) To write well， one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.
(b) To be a loyal employee， he or she must have a sense of belonging.
上述三類垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一類發(fā)生的頻率最高，必須注意。但是在下列三種情況下，分詞短語是對的，它們并非垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)：
第一，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(The Absolute Construction，見3月7日《中英合談》)中的分詞短語有自己的主語，所以不是垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
�、� Such being the case， we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.
第二，當(dāng)分詞含有介詞或連詞性質(zhì)時，它不需要邏輯主語，所以沒有垂懸問題存在。例如：
�、� Owing to a lack of funds， the project has to be discontinued.
�、� Provided that there is sufficient time， everyone can do the job better.
第三，當(dāng)分詞短語是用來表示說話者的態(tài)度或意見時，也不需要邏輯主語，因此也不存在著垂懸問題。例如：
�、� Judging from his facial look， the news must have been terrible.
�、� Taken as a whole， there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.
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