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初中英語(yǔ)閱讀精選及學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類閱讀：
這類文章通過(guò)寫(xiě)人記事來(lái)揭示文章的主題，顯示其社會(huì)意義，一般采用順序或倒敘來(lái)敘述。
題目經(jīng)常是一些細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引發(fā)的思考。閱讀這類文章要理清思路。
描述社會(huì)現(xiàn)象英語(yǔ)：
安居工程 housing project for low-income families
安居小區(qū) a neighborhood for low-income families
保障婦女就業(yè)權(quán)利to guarantee women’s right to employment
補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的離退休人員統(tǒng)籌項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)的養(yǎng)老金 All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.
裁定保險(xiǎn)賠償 adjudication of benefits
城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents
城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系the social security system in urban areas
城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees
大力推行個(gè)人助學(xué)信貸 Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.
待業(yè)人員 job seekers
待遇優(yōu)厚的工作 a well-paid job
單親家庭 single parent family
定向培訓(xùn) training for specific posts
獨(dú)生子女 the only child
對(duì)保障方案進(jìn)行精算評(píng)估 Security programs should undergo actuarial review.
對(duì)口扶貧 provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions
福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with
崗位培訓(xùn) on-job training
個(gè)人自愿計(jì)劃 voluntary private plans
工傷保險(xiǎn)制度the on-job injury insurance system
工資收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system
關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的大事 matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood
關(guān)心和支持殘疾人事業(yè) Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.
關(guān)心老齡人 care for senior citizens.
國(guó)企下崗職工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises
過(guò)溫飽生活 live a life at a subsistent level
合理調(diào)整就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)to rationally readjust the employment structure
后勤服務(wù)社會(huì)化 make logistic services independent in their operation
基本養(yǎng)老金basic pensions
計(jì)劃生育責(zé)任制 responsibility system of family planning
加快住房分配貨幣化進(jìn)程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation
加強(qiáng)計(jì)劃生育工作 further improve family planning
加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
家庭美德 family virtues
建立集體合同制度to establish a group contract system
建立市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism
建立新型的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系to establish a new type of labor relations
教育程度 educational status; education received
名師支招：精通英語(yǔ)的十個(gè)好習(xí)慣
學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的最高境界是什么，是習(xí)慣，只有習(xí)慣了學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，習(xí)慣了使用英語(yǔ)，才有可能掌握英語(yǔ)，下面列舉出的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的三十個(gè)好習(xí)慣，可以幫助你掌握學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的'竅門。
1.將英語(yǔ)真正融入日常生活！不要學(xué)英語(yǔ)，而要生活在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中！
2.把難單詞、難句子制作成海報(bào)，貼在家里最顯眼的地方，不知不覺(jué)就掌握了！
3.不讀英語(yǔ)就難受！不讀英語(yǔ)就“寢食難安”！讓讀英語(yǔ)變成“最大的愛(ài)好”！
4.睜開(kāi)眼睛的第一件事就是“大聲喊英語(yǔ)”！喊出一天的活力和輝煌！喊出一天的充實(shí)和成功！
5.入睡前一定要大喊英語(yǔ)十分鐘！讓英語(yǔ)進(jìn)入潛意識(shí)，做夢(mèng)也在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
6.“一日三餐前后”狂讀五分鐘英語(yǔ)，否則就不配吃飯，這叫“一日三餐法”！飯前讀英語(yǔ)反思人生，飯后讀英語(yǔ)有助消化！
7.跑步喊英語(yǔ)！既鍛煉了身體肌肉，又鍛煉了口腔肌肉！兩個(gè)肌肉都發(fā)達(dá)的人絕對(duì)有“非凡的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”！具體做法：在出去跑步前，先抄寫(xiě)一段英語(yǔ)放在口袋里。
8.一看到公園，就跑進(jìn)去大聲喊英語(yǔ)。充分享受美景，充分呼吸新鮮空氣！
9.“四個(gè)一”原則：每當(dāng)我讀英語(yǔ)或說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，我都會(huì)做到一抬頭、一挺胸、一收小腹、一用力！這樣，我的英語(yǔ)馬上就會(huì)變得地道、好聽(tīng)！
10.平時(shí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)、練英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候一定要元音特別飽滿！這樣可以訓(xùn)練自己的非凡氣質(zhì)。
英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇難題匯總（八）
( ) 71. The nurse told the children the sun ______ in the east.
A. rises B. rose C. will rise D. has risen
解析：選擇A. 此題容易誤選B. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但如果從句表示客觀真理，則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
( ) 72. – Are you sure you have to? It’s been very late.
-- I don’t know ______ I can do it if not now.
A.. where B. why C. when D. how
解析：選C. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：如果現(xiàn)在不做，我不知道何時(shí)可以做。
( ) 73. ----Hello, Jack! Haven’t seen you for a long time! ---John! ________
A. How old are you? B. How are you? C. How’s that? D. How time flies!
解析：選D. 此題容易誤選B. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選擇D. 即時(shí)間過(guò)得真快!
( ) 74. I could not get through the door because there was a big stone ___________.
A. by the way B. on the way C. out of the way D. in the way
解析：選D. 此題學(xué)生容易誤選B. by the way順便說(shuō);on the way在路上;out of the way不擋道; in the way擋道，妨礙。根據(jù)句意：因?yàn)橛袎K石頭擋道，所以我不能通過(guò)門。
( ) 75. Can you lend me the book ___ the other day?(蕪湖10)
A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked to D. you talked about
解析：選D. 此題考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法，學(xué)生容易誤選A, B. 此題容易排除C. talk to的賓語(yǔ)是人而不是物，又由于talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，談?wù)撃澄锸莟alk abot, 引導(dǎo)詞that是talk about 的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。
( ) 76 —You never told us why you were late for the meeting,____?
— _______. I think it is not necessary to explain.(呼和浩特2010)
A.weren’t you; No B. did you; No C. did you; Yes D. didn’t you; No
解析：選B. 此題較難，學(xué)生非常容易選錯(cuò)。 首先此題容易排除A, D. 因?yàn)榫渲杏蟹穸ㄔ~never, 反義疑問(wèn)句的原則是前否后肯。在反義疑問(wèn)句回答中，如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用肯定回答，反之，則用否定回答。根據(jù)下句：沒(méi)有必要解釋，說(shuō)明“你”沒(méi)有告訴我為什么你遲到了。
( ) 77. — What is your little brother like? —________ . He enjoys telling jokes.(青島10)
A. He is tall and thin B. He is shy and quiet. C. He is outgoing and funny. D. He is strong and heavy.
解析：What is your little brother like?既可以用來(lái)詢問(wèn)人的外貌，也可以詢問(wèn)人的性格特征，根據(jù)He enjoys telling jokes.說(shuō)明他外向、滑稽。
( ) 78. Jim’s father got very angry _________ .( 10西寧)
A.with that he had done B. with what he had done C. at what he had done D. at what had he done
解析：選C. 此題容易誤選B. be/get/become angry with sb對(duì)某人生氣，be/get/become angry at sth對(duì)某事生氣。 所做的事發(fā)生在生氣之前，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序，故選擇C.
( ) 79. —What are on show in the museum?
—Some photos _______ by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.(蘭州10)
A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken
解析： 選D. 此題學(xué)生最容易出錯(cuò)，誤選B. 當(dāng)然有的老師也會(huì)出錯(cuò)。此題考查過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。此句子其實(shí)是個(gè)省略句，完整句中應(yīng)該是：Some photos taken by the children of Yushu, Qinghai are on show in the museum.
( ) 80. —He didn’t go to the lecture this morning, did he?
— _____ . Though he was not feeling very well.(蘭州10)
A. No, he didn’t B. Yes; he did C. No, he did D. Yes, he didn’t
解析：選B. 此題考查附加疑問(wèn)句的回答，在附加疑問(wèn)句中，如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用肯定回答，反之，則用否定回答。根據(jù)下句：Though he was not feeling very well.盡管他感到不舒服，可知他去了。
專題推薦：
believe in 的用法
(1) 信仰(宗教或神等)。如：
He believes in God. 他信仰上帝。
(2) 相信……的存在。如：
Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼嗎?
(3) 信任，信賴。如：
Nobody believes in him. 沒(méi)有人信任他。
比較：
I can believe him, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他說(shuō)的話是真的`，但是不相信他的為人。
(4) 相信……的真實(shí)性。如：
Do you believe in everything the Bible says? 你相信《圣經(jīng)》中的每句話?
注：believe in doing sth 相信做某事有好處。如：
He believes in getting plenty of exercise 初中歷史. 他相信多做運(yùn)動(dòng)必有好處。
They believe in letting children make their own mistakes. 他們相信讓孩子們自己出錯(cuò)有好處。
詳解閱讀題--靶子
My cooking has always been the target of family jokes. One evening, as I prepared dinner a bit too quickly, the kitchen filled with smoke and the smoke detector went off. Although both of my children had received fire-safety training at school, they did not respond to the alarm. Annoyed, I stormed through the house in search of them.
I found them in the bathroom, washing their hands. Over the loud buzzing of the smoke alarm, I asked them to identify the sound.
"It's the smoke detector," they replied in unison.
"Do you know what that sound means?" I demanded.
"Sure," my oldest replied. "Dinner's ready."
Notes:
(1) target n.靶子；目標(biāo)
(2) detector n.探查器
(3) go off發(fā)射；響
(4) storm through沖入；闖入
(5) in search of搜尋；尋找
(6) buzzing n.嗡嗡聲
(7) unison n.一致
Exercises:
根據(jù)短文判斷下列句子正（T）、（F）：
�、� The mother's cooking was once the target of family jokes.
�、� One evening the mother prepared dinner a bit too slowly.
�、� When the kitchen filled with smoke, the smoke detector went off.
�、� Neither of the two children had received fire-safety training at school, so they did not respond to the alarm.
⑤ The children knew what the alarm meant, so they did not respond to it.
83.靶子
我的燒飯手藝向來(lái)是家庭笑話的攻擊目標(biāo)。一天晚上，晚餐我準(zhǔn)備得有點(diǎn)兒太快了，廚房里充滿了煙，結(jié)果煙霧探查器報(bào)起警來(lái)。盡管我的兩個(gè)孩子都在學(xué)校里接受過(guò)防火安全訓(xùn)練，可是他們并沒(méi)有對(duì)報(bào)警聲作出反應(yīng)。我感到很惱火，滿幢房子亂沖尋找他們。
我在洗澡間找到他們，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們正在洗手。我的聲音蓋過(guò)了煙霧警報(bào)的嗡嗡聲，我叫他們辨別那聲音。
“是煙霧探查器，”他們異口同聲地說(shuō)。
“你們知道那聲音意味著什么嗎？”我責(zé)問(wèn)道。
“當(dāng)然，”我的大孩子回答道，“晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了�！�
練習(xí)參考答案：
�、貴②F③T④F⑤T
初一英語(yǔ)單詞abroad 的意思講解
【—初一英語(yǔ)單詞abroad 的意思講解】對(duì)于英語(yǔ)單詞abroad的知識(shí)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，我們做了下面的講解，供大家參考哦。
abroad adv
在外國(guó)；廣泛地；傳播
短語(yǔ)：1. from abroad 從國(guó)外，從海外
e.g. His parents has just come back from abroad.
他的父母剛剛從海外回來(lái)，我們?nèi)タ赐麄儼伞?/p>
2. go abroad 出國(guó)
上面對(duì)英語(yǔ)單詞abroad 的.相關(guān)知識(shí)講解學(xué)習(xí)，同學(xué)們都能很好的掌握了吧，后面我們講解更多的英語(yǔ)單詞知識(shí)哦。
“冠詞＋姓氏名詞”的六種不同意義
1.“a/an＋姓氏單數(shù)”表示某家族的一個(gè)成員。例如：
HiswifeisaKennedy（＝amemberoftheKennedyfamily）.
他的妻子是肯尼迪家族中的一員。
2.“a/an＋作家、畫(huà)家的姓氏單數(shù)”表示其作品。例如：
HaveyougotacompleteLuXun（＝asetofLuXun'scompleteworks）？
你身邊有魯迅全集嗎？
3.“a/an＋姓氏單數(shù)”表示“某個(gè)叫……的人”、“某位姓……的人”。說(shuō)話人只知道其姓氏，不知道名字，或者是說(shuō)話人內(nèi)心有所指，但又不十分明確或者是說(shuō)話人有意隱瞞。例如：
OurmusicteacherisaMissWhite.
我們的音樂(lè)老師是一位姓懷特的小姐。
4.“a/an＋姓＋名”表示與該人（多指名人）有類似性格特征的人，可譯成“一個(gè)像……一樣的人”、“一個(gè)和……相似的人”。例如：
OnlyaLuXun（＝agreatwriterlikeLuXun）couldhavewrittenthat.
只有像魯迅那樣的偉大作家才能寫(xiě)出那樣的作品。
HeisaLeiFenginourclass.
他是我們班上的雷鋒。
5.“the+姓氏單數(shù)”表示特指“某位姓……的人”，常用來(lái)區(qū)別同姓的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人。例如：
Idon'trefertotheLaoWangwhoworksinthiscompany.
我指的不是在這個(gè)公司里工作的老王。
6.“the＋姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示某一家人，或一家人中的夫妻倆、姐妹倆、兄弟倆,初中語(yǔ)文。此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
TheGreensareattable.
格林一家正在吃飯。
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