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2017年職稱英語考試技巧衛(wèi)生類語法講義
讀書不是為了雄辯和駁斥，也不是為了輕信和盲從，而是為了思考和權(quán)衡。 以下是小編為大家搜索整理的2017年職稱英語考試技巧衛(wèi)生類語法講義，希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
用法辨析：
(1)“Why not+動(dòng)詞原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是簡略句，完全形式是：Why don't you +動(dòng)詞原形+…?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看?)/Why not try it once again?(為什么不再試試?)
(2) seem(好象)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①sb./sth.+seem+(to be+)形容詞+…;②sb./sth.+seem+like +…;③sb/sth+seem+to(do);④It seems that+從句。如：He seemed(to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster.(被校長叫到名字時(shí)他好象很開心)/It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim.(除了吉姆好象沒有什么人會(huì)做出如此愚蠢的事情來)
(3) be afraid(害怕)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①be afraid of sth;be afraid of(doing);②be afraid to(do);③be afraid that+從句。如：She is a little afraid of snakes.(她有點(diǎn)怕蛇)/Don't be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(別害怕晚上一個(gè)人在家)/I'm afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了，因?yàn)樗噶四敲创蟮腻e(cuò)誤)
(4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①be sorry for(sth);②be sorry for(doing sth);③be sorry to(do);④be sorry that+從句。如：I am very sorry for keeping you waiting so long.(不好意思讓你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(對(duì)不起，麻煩你了)/I am sorry(that) he isn't here at the moment.(恐怕他現(xiàn)在不在)
(5) be sure(確信)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)： ①be sure of(sth);②be sure to(do);③be sure that+從句。如：She told me many times that she was sure to come.(她給我講過多次她一定會(huì)來的)/Are you sure of your answer?Maybe it's wrong.(你對(duì)你的答案有把握嗎?也許是錯(cuò)的。)/I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我確信爸爸會(huì)幫著我做這件事情的)
(6) make 與do的用法：一般情況下表示進(jìn)行活動(dòng)或者做工作用do，表示創(chuàng)造建構(gòu)某事物用make. 如：I don't know what to do.(我不知道該干什么)/I'm not going to do any work.(我不準(zhǔn)備做什么)/My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾經(jīng)做過一只船)
此外還要記住一些固定說法：do good/harm/business/one's best/a favour……
make a decision/an effort/a mistake/a noise/a phone call/money/war/the bed/sure，……被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
(1)被動(dòng)語態(tài)定義：被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。如果主語是 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即某人做某事)，便叫主動(dòng)語態(tài);如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者(即某事被做)，便叫被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的區(qū)別不是詞序的區(qū)別，而是主語與謂語意義上的區(qū)別。在英語中只有及物動(dòng)詞和一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的詞組才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式。
(2)英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。被動(dòng)語態(tài)后的by短語有時(shí)可省去。具體結(jié)構(gòu)見下表：
現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成
am
is+p.p.
are
am
is+being+p.p.
are
will+be+p.p.
am
is+goingto+be+p.p.
are
have(has)+been+p.p.
過去時(shí)態(tài)
一般過去時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成
was+p.p.
were
was
+being+p.p.
were
would+be+p.p.
was+goingto+be+p.p.
were
had+been+p.p.
【注】p.p.表示過去分詞。
(1)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：
�、� 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即不知道誰做)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，省略by短語。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一個(gè)人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的)
�、诓徽f或者眾所周知是誰做時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，省略by短語。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(這個(gè)地方也種水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路)
③強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，句尾加by短語。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會(huì)被主人宰殺的)
(2) 注意點(diǎn)：
①“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動(dòng)時(shí)，可以用間接賓語做被動(dòng)句的主語。如：
His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典)
也可以用直接賓語做被動(dòng)句的主語，但是需用to或者for引出原句的間接賓語。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)/His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父親給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏→一個(gè)風(fēng)箏由他的父親做給了他)
�、�“動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形”改為被動(dòng)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板讓這個(gè)可憐的人一天工作12小時(shí)→這個(gè)可憐人被迫一天工作12小時(shí))
�、�“動(dòng)詞+…+介詞”改為被動(dòng)時(shí)，介詞一般在原位不動(dòng)。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl's little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)
�、�“be+過去分詞”未必表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He is pleased/worried/tired /……(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……)
He was hit/knocked down/told/shot/……(被動(dòng))(他被擊中/撞倒/關(guān)照/射中……)
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