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職稱英語(yǔ)教材新增文章詳解
專業(yè)技術(shù)人員資格考試，俗稱“職稱考試”。中國(guó)職稱考試始于1990年9月，國(guó)家人事部（現(xiàn)為人力資源和社會(huì)保障部）為了深化職稱改革，建立職稱考試制度。小編整理了職稱英語(yǔ)教材新增文章詳解的內(nèi)容，一起來(lái)看看吧。
Common Questions about Dreams
Does everyone dream?
Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.
Do people remember their dreams?
A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night — dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.
Are dreams in color?
Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ： They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___
Do dreams have meaning?
Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.
How can I learn to understand my dreams?
The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.
詞匯：
vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生動(dòng)的，逼真的
lid /lid/ n. 眼瞼(=eyelid)
motive /mutiv/n. 動(dòng)機(jī)
stuffed /stft/adj. 填充的，塞滿了的
注釋：
1. back and forth：來(lái)回地，反復(fù)地。
2. bring it back：回憶起它來(lái)。bring back：使回憶起來(lái)，帶回來(lái)、拿回來(lái)，使恢復(fù)。
3. Scientists continue to debate this issue. 科學(xué)家們不斷地討論這個(gè)問題�！癲ebate”作動(dòng)詞“爭(zhēng)論，辯論，討論”講，既可以是不及物動(dòng)詞也可以是及物動(dòng)詞，作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常與 “about/on/upon” 搭配。
練習(xí)：
A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.
B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.
C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.
D Our most powerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.
E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of.
F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.
答案與題解：
1. B 文中第一部分主要介紹快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期，而且前一句正好提到每晚快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期的間隔時(shí)間、出現(xiàn)頻率及其持續(xù)時(shí)間的情況。
2. F 題目所在的前一句提到大多數(shù)人會(huì)忘記晚上所發(fā)生的幾乎所有事情，而后一句中又提到人們對(duì)夢(mèng)的記憶好像沒有完全丟失，由此可以推斷出中間這一句應(yīng)該說的是人有時(shí)會(huì)記起自己的夢(mèng)。
3. C 文中第三部分提到夢(mèng)是彩色的，前面主要講的是人們可能意識(shí)不到這個(gè)問題以及意識(shí)不到的原因，由此可以推斷后面應(yīng)該會(huì)提到那些可以意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題的人。因此，答案為C。
4. A 文中第四部分講的是夢(mèng)的意義，縱觀六個(gè)選項(xiàng)與部分主題相關(guān)的只有選項(xiàng)A，而且后面主要提到人們會(huì)利用夢(mèng)做些什么，這也就意味著人們會(huì)思考他們的夢(mèng)而且相信夢(mèng)是有意義的。
5. E 由第五部分的標(biāo)題就可以鎖定選項(xiàng)E，而且后一句講的是要尋找夢(mèng)與現(xiàn)實(shí)的聯(lián)系，正好與選項(xiàng)E的意思相吻合。
第二篇 關(guān)于夢(mèng)的常見問題
每個(gè)人都會(huì)做夢(mèng)嗎?
是的。研究表明我們都會(huì)做夢(mèng)。在一種叫作快速眼動(dòng)(REM)的睡眠期里，我們會(huì)有最清晰生動(dòng)的夢(mèng)。在這種睡眠期里，大腦非�；钴S，眼睛在眼瞼下面來(lái)來(lái)回回地快速移動(dòng)，而且身體的大肌肉會(huì)得到放松。快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期每隔90~100分鐘會(huì)出現(xiàn)一次，一晚會(huì)出現(xiàn)3~4次，而且隨著入夜?jié)u深，每次持續(xù)的時(shí)間也會(huì)變長(zhǎng)。最后一次快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期可能會(huì)持續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)45分鐘。我們?cè)谝雇淼钠渌麜r(shí)間段也會(huì)做夢(mèng)，但是那些夢(mèng)沒有快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期里的夢(mèng)清晰生動(dòng)。
人們會(huì)記得他們的夢(mèng)嗎?
一些人會(huì)記得他們的夢(mèng)。然而，大多數(shù)人會(huì)忘記晚上所發(fā)生的幾乎所有的事——夢(mèng)、思想以及他們醒著時(shí)的短暫時(shí)光。但是，有時(shí)人們會(huì)在當(dāng)天晚些時(shí)候或改天突然想起他們的夢(mèng)。他們對(duì)夢(mèng)的記憶好像并沒有完全消失，但出于某種原因卻很難回憶起來(lái)。如果你想記住自己的夢(mèng)，最好的辦法是一醒來(lái)就把它寫下來(lái)。
夢(mèng)是彩色的嗎?
大多數(shù)夢(mèng)是彩色的。然而，人們可能不會(huì)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。這是基于兩方面的原因：人們通常不會(huì)記住夢(mèng)的細(xì)節(jié)，或者因?yàn)轭伾俏覀兩钪械淖匀唤M成部分，所以不會(huì)注意到。那些在醒著的時(shí)候意識(shí)到顏色的人可能會(huì)更經(jīng)常注意到夢(mèng)的顏色。
夢(mèng)有意義嗎?
科學(xué)家們不停地討論這個(gè)問題。然而，那些花時(shí)間思考他們夢(mèng)的人相信夢(mèng)是有意義的、有用的。有些人借助夢(mèng)更多地了解自己的情感、思想、行為、動(dòng)機(jī)和價(jià)值觀。其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)可以幫助自己解決問題。藝術(shù)家、作家和科學(xué)家也確實(shí)經(jīng)常從夢(mèng)中獲得創(chuàng)作的靈感。
我如何學(xué)會(huì)理解自己的夢(mèng)?
要記得最重要的一點(diǎn)就是夢(mèng)是個(gè)人的。夢(mèng)里的人、行為以及情景都能反映你的經(jīng)歷、思想以及情感。有些夢(mèng)境專家認(rèn)為某些類型的夢(mèng)是很多人都有的，即使他們來(lái)自不同的文化或時(shí)期。然而，通常對(duì)于不同的人，同一個(gè)夢(mèng)會(huì)有不同的意義。比如，做夢(mèng)夢(mèng)到大象對(duì)于一個(gè)動(dòng)物園管理員來(lái)說意味著一回事，而對(duì)于一個(gè)最喜歡大象毛絨玩具的小孩來(lái)說就意味著截然不同的事。為了學(xué)會(huì)理解自己的夢(mèng)，首先要思考一下夢(mèng)的每一部分對(duì)你意味著什么或者讓你想起了什么。然后尋找夢(mèng)與日常生活中所發(fā)生事情的聯(lián)系。如果你認(rèn)真思考而且有耐心，或許你會(huì)更清晰地理解夢(mèng)的意義。
Common Questions about Dreams
Are dreams in color?
Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons: They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.
Are dreams in color?
句子解析：夢(mèng)是彩色的嗎?
【第一句】Most dreams are in color.
句子解析：in color彩色的
參考譯文：大多數(shù)夢(mèng)是彩色的。
【第二句】However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons: They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives.
句子解析：主句為people may not be aware of it for two reasons: A or B
A：they don’t usually remember the details of their dreams
B：they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives.
be aware of “意識(shí)到...”
參考譯文：然而，人們可能不會(huì)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。這是基于兩方面的原因：人們通常不會(huì)記住夢(mèng)的細(xì)節(jié)，或者因?yàn)轭伾俏覀兩钪械淖匀唤M成部分，所以不會(huì)注意到。
【第三句】People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.
句子解析：who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句限定people，when引導(dǎo)的是從句里的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。句子主干為：people notice color...
參考譯文：那些在醒著的時(shí)候意識(shí)到顏色的人可能會(huì)更經(jīng)常注意到夢(mèng)的顏色。
Do dreams have meaning?
Scientists continue to debate this issue. However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful. Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.
Do dreams have meaning?
夢(mèng)有意義嗎?
【第一句】Scientists continue to debate this issue.
句子解析：continue to do sth. 繼續(xù)做某事
詞匯：debate/dbet / n./v.
作動(dòng)詞“爭(zhēng)論，辯論，討論”講，既可以是不及物動(dòng)詞也可以是及物動(dòng)詞，作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常與 “about/ on/upon” 搭配。
參考譯文：科學(xué)家們不停地討論這個(gè)問題。
【第二句】However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.
句子解析： who引導(dǎo)的是限定people的定語(yǔ)從句，spend time on sth， spend time (on) doing sth。
句子主干為：people believe that...
詞匯：meaning / mi:ni/ adj.有意義的
參考譯文：然而，那些花時(shí)間思考他們夢(mèng)的人相信夢(mèng)是有意義的、有用的。
【第三句】Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values.
詞匯：learn about 了解
motive /mtv / n.動(dòng)機(jī)
參考譯文：有些人借助夢(mèng)更多地了解自己的情感、思想、行為、動(dòng)機(jī)和價(jià)值觀。
【第四句】Others find that dreams can help them solve problems.
參考譯文：其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)可以幫助自己解決問題。
【第五句】It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.
參考譯文: 藝術(shù)家、作家和科學(xué)家也確實(shí)經(jīng)常從夢(mèng)中獲得創(chuàng)作的靈感。
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