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Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Loneliness(心靈雞湯:爽心食品排解孤獨(dú)感)
Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries. 1 according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 .The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel.
土豆泥,通心粉和奶酪可能對(duì)動(dòng)脈血管有害,但是,據(jù)《心理科學(xué)》一項(xiàng)研究表明,它們對(duì)心臟有利并且能抑制不利情緒。其研究對(duì)象是爽心食品,目的是探究人們對(duì)爽心食品的感覺(jué)。
"For me 3 ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel.It has 4 non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 making people think of their nearest and dearest.
“就我而言,食品在我的家庭一直是比較關(guān)注的問(wèn)題”,Jordan Troisi如是說(shuō)。他是布法羅大學(xué)的研究生并且是本次研究的首席作者。該研究出自于他與Shira Gabriel合作的一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目。它關(guān)注的是可能影響人類(lèi)情感的物質(zhì)的東西。有些人用諸如綁定喜愛(ài)的電視節(jié)目,和流行音樂(lè)歌手建立虛擬的關(guān)系或?yàn)g覽親人的照片來(lái)排遣孤獨(dú)。Troisi和Gabriel想知道爽心食品是否能通過(guò)使人們想到他們最親近和最?lèi)?ài)的人,同樣達(dá)到排遣孤獨(dú)的效果。
In one experiment, in order to make 7 feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food. 9 ,the researchers had participants 10 questions about their levels of loneliness. Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.
在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,為使參與者感覺(jué)孤獨(dú),研究者讓他們用六分鐘的時(shí)間描寫(xiě)一次與最親近的人吵架的經(jīng)歷。而要求另外一些人寫(xiě)一個(gè)情感中性的作業(yè)。然后,每一組的一些人描寫(xiě)食用爽心食品的經(jīng)歷;而其他的人描寫(xiě)食用新食品的經(jīng)歷。最后,研究者讓參與者書(shū)面回答關(guān)于孤獨(dú)程度的問(wèn)題。
But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food."We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us."says Troisi."Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others."In 12 essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends.
描寫(xiě)與親人吵架的經(jīng)歷使人感到孤獨(dú)。但是,一般來(lái)說(shuō),人們的關(guān)系若處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),通過(guò)描寫(xiě)他們吃爽心食品的經(jīng)歷會(huì)排遣一些孤獨(dú)感。Troisi說(shuō)道:“我們已經(jīng)得出這樣的結(jié)論:爽心食品與我們的親人密切相連,想一想或之后真正食用這種食品會(huì)提醒人們注意到他們的親人。”在所有關(guān)于爽心食品的文章中,許多人都描述了與家人和朋友共同進(jìn)餐的經(jīng)歷。
In another experiment, 14 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.
在另外一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,在實(shí)驗(yàn)喝雞湯令人想到和其他人的關(guān)系,但是,這只有在他們把雞湯認(rèn)為是爽心食品的時(shí)候才會(huì)發(fā)生。參與者被要求回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題和許多其他問(wèn)題是在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很久以前,因此他們不會(huì)記得。
Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15 with others," Troisi says."Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness.
“在每一個(gè)人的日常生活中,都會(huì)經(jīng)歷緊張,而這往往與人際關(guān)系有關(guān),爽心食品可能是排遣孤獨(dú)的便利食品”。Troisi如是說(shuō)。
詞匯:
mashed /mæʃt/ adj.被搗成糊漿的
macaroni/ macaroni/ n.通心粉
cheese / tʃi:z / n.奶酪
artery/ artery / n.動(dòng)脈
assignment / ə'sainmənt / n.指定作業(yè)
reminder / reminder/ n.起提醒作用的東西
remedy /remedy/ n.治療方法,藥物
virtual/'və:tʃuəl/ adj.虛擬的
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1.comfort food:爽心食品
2. graduate student:研究生
3. The University of Buffalo:布法羅大學(xué),建校于1846 年,位于水牛城( Buffalo City) ,屬于紐約州立大學(xué),因此稱(chēng)為紐約州立大學(xué)水牛城分校。
4. lead author:首席作者
5. their nearest and dearest:他們最接近和最親愛(ài)的人
6. levels of loneliness:孤獨(dú)程度
7. only if: 只有(在……情況下)
8. Throughout everyone's daily lives:在每一個(gè)人的日常生活中。through 有“貫穿”的意思。
練習(xí):
1.A but B if C though D while
2.A personality B movement C emotions D will
3.A privately B usefully C awfully D personally
4.A looked for B looked at C looked after D looked up
5.A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying
6.A with B on C by D at
7.A professors B participants C assistants D scientists
8.A group B class C section D part
9.A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally
10.A remember B explain C rewrite D complete
11.A sad B secure C shy D angry
12.A your B our C his D their
13.A accident B harm C experience D model
14.A eating B exchanging C buying D keeping
15.A expressions B estimation C cooperation D connections
答案與題解:
l. A本句前半句說(shuō)土豆泥、通心粉等對(duì)血管有害( bad) ,后半句說(shuō)這些食物對(duì)心臟有利 (good) 。很明顯,前半句與后半句意思相反,所以要選轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞but加以連接。
2. C 根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,吃土豆泥不會(huì)對(duì)personality (性格) .movement (移動(dòng))或will (意志力)產(chǎn)生有利影響。隨后的文章,多處提到吃爽心食品( favorite food )有助于排解孤獨(dú)感。所以選emotions 是正確的。
3.D本題的答案是personally0 For me personally (就我個(gè)人而言)與下文的意思很連貫。 privately (私下地)、usefully (有用地)或awfully (可怕地)與下文的意思搭不上,所以不會(huì)是答案。
4. B 本題的答案是looked at0。“looked at non-human things” 相當(dāng)于“studied (研究) nonhuman things”,與上下文的意思很匹配。looked for(尋找)、looked after (照顧)和looked up(查找)與下文的意思搭配不上。
5.A本句的意思是:人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感,常常把自己和電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯(lián)系起來(lái)。選項(xiàng)中有四個(gè)形容詞,應(yīng)該選哪一個(gè)形容詞去修飾TV shows 呢?應(yīng)該選褒義的形容詞: favorite (喜愛(ài)的)或trustful ( 可信任的)。但對(duì)電視劇來(lái)說(shuō)談不上信任的問(wèn)題。favorite 最合理,是本題答案。
6. C 上一句說(shuō)到,人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感,常常把自己和喜愛(ài)的電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯(lián)系起來(lái)。于是Troisi 和Gabriel 想,通過(guò)吃爽心食品讓他們想起親近的人,是不是也能產(chǎn)生同樣的排解孤獨(dú)感的效果呢?四個(gè)介詞中只有by的詞義是“通過(guò)”。其余三個(gè)介詞在含義上都不合適。
7.B 選professors(教授)、assistants(助手)或scientists(科學(xué)家)不合常理,科學(xué)家選實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象時(shí)不會(huì)選他們。participants ( 參與者)是本題的答案。
8.A本題應(yīng)該選group,指每一組的參與者。用class (班級(jí)), section (部門(mén))或part (部分)在意義上顯然都不合適。
9. D 本段敘述試驗(yàn)的幾個(gè)步驟。第一步要一部分受試者描寫(xiě)與親人的爭(zhēng)斗,其他受試者寫(xiě)情感上中性的話題。第二步(文中用then 加以連接)將上述兩組受試者中的每一組再一分為二,一些人描寫(xiě)吃爽心食品的經(jīng)歷,另一些人描寫(xiě)吃新食品的經(jīng)歷。接下來(lái)應(yīng)該是第三步了。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中尋找,只有Finally 最合適,原來(lái)第三步就是最后一步了。
1O.D 實(shí)驗(yàn)的最后一步是受試者被要求書(shū)面回答10個(gè)問(wèn)題。complete 是答案。要求他們 remember(記住)、delete (刪除)或rewrite (重寫(xiě)) questions 都不合乎邏輯。
11. B 與親近的人爭(zhēng)吵會(huì)引發(fā)孤獨(dú)感,但是,一般說(shuō)來(lái),人們的關(guān)系若是通常處于什么狀態(tài),通過(guò)寫(xiě)出他們吃爽心食物的經(jīng)歷會(huì)降低他們的孤獨(dú)感呢?一定不會(huì)是sad、shy或angry ,答案應(yīng)該是secure (穩(wěn)定的)。
12.D 修飾essays 的所有格代詞在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)上要與they 一致,所以their 是答案。
13. C “eating food with family and friends” 是一種experience (經(jīng)歷),不會(huì)是一個(gè)accident (事故)、harm (危害)或model ()。很明顯, experience 是本題的答案。
14.A 文章中幾次提到吃爽心食物有助于緩解孤獨(dú)感。所以本題選eating 是很自然的。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng), exchanging (交換)、buying (買(mǎi))或keeping (保留)若填入句子中,與后面的賓語(yǔ)chicken soup in the lab 連用,意思上說(shuō)不通。
15.D 本題的答案是connections。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在意思上都不合適。
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