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2017職稱英語試題衛(wèi)生B級閱讀理解習題
職稱英語考試一共有6個題型，包括閱讀理解、完形填空、詞匯選項、概括大意完成句子、補全短文和閱讀判斷。要求在2個小時全部完成，題量大時間少，這就需要考生合理分配復習重點，應試時合理分配做題時間。以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關于職稱英語試題衛(wèi)生B級閱讀理解習題，供大家備考。
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31'45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。每道題后面有4個選項，請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇l個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇
American Society
When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society,somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.
Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others, who don't have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire gun with little difficulty.
Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture.
Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South,where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people "to keep and bear arms". They believe that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.
Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates.
America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.
The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.
31. What is most unusual about American society?
A. Many Americans acquire guns illegally.
B. Ordinary people can possess guns legally.
C. The average citizen does not try to possess guns.
D. Many school children carry guns legally.
32. Some Americans defend their possession of guns by arguing that__________.
A. deer and duck reproduce too quickly in the country.
B. herds and flocks bother farmer at night.
C. hunting is part of the American way of life.
D. wolves threaten people's lives in rural areas.
33. The National Rifle Association was established to__________.
A. help strengthen gun control laws.
B. unite people who possess guns.
C. defend Americans'right to possess guns.
D. solve the problem of crime and violence.
34. Gun possession has become a hot issue in the US because it is__________.
A. gathering political support.
B. becoming increasingly restricted.
C. threatening endangered species.
D. causing serious problems.
35. The author's attitude towards the US gun culture is__________.
A. positive.
B. negative.
C. indifferent.
D. neutral.
第二篇
Living Standards Around the World
The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.
What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity-- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a
nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.
The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.
The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards,policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.
36. Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?
A. Mexico.
B. The United States.
C. Japan.
D. South Korea.
37. The word "meager" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
A. modest.
B. poor.
C. meaningless.
D. plentiful.
38. What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?
A. Labor unions.
B. Minimum-wage laws.
C. Rising productivity.
D. Favorable public policy.
39. The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant in that __________.
A. it calls policymakers' attention to a qualified work force
B. it encourages workers to get better education
C. it helps improve the workers' ability to produce goods and services
D. it enables policymakers to access the latest technology
40. The passage mainly discusses __________.
A. the differences in average income among countries
B. the relationship between productivity and living standards
C. the causes of the rise in living standards
D. the importance of raising productivity
第三篇
Earthquake
Earthquake may rightly be ranked as one of the most destructive forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the million, and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis (gigantic sea waves), and other observable events resulting from earthquake, rather than from the quakes themselves.
The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in there two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they say, however, happen anywhere at any time.
This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake forecast may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, pattems of movements in the earth's shell,variations in the earth's force of attraction, and the frequency with which minor earth shakes are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen) the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.
It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.
41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Earthquake destruction is declining.
B. Earthquake forecast is improving.
C. Man is no longer fearful of earthquakes.
D. Man is capable of conquering earthquakes.
42. We can infer from the passage that quakes__________.
A. may happen anywhere at any time.
B. mostly strike in oceans and mountains.
C. are unobservable in masses of land.
D. are hardly the direct cause of fatalities.
43. The phrase "this element of the unknown" (Paragraph 3) refers to __________.
A. the extension of earthquake zones
B. the percentage of earthquake occurrences
C. when and where earthquakes may occur
D. what big damage earthquakes may cause
44. Man's research on earthquake forecast at present is to __________。
A. reduce the loss from earthquake disasters
B. lower the frequency of earthquakes
C. release the energy that causes earthquakes
D. analyze the relationship between different earthquakes
45. Which of the following describes the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. Inform the reader.
B. Entertain the reader.
C. Disprove a concept.
D. Question a concept.
參考答案：
第一篇
31.B。本題出現(xiàn)在文中的第一段，考查對長難句的分析能力。most unusual是most strange的同義替換。可見B為正確答案。
32.C。本題出現(xiàn)在文中的第三段。盡管一些美國人并不愿意持有槍，但是其他一些美國人則認為持槍狩獵是一種運動。在秋冬季節(jié)，這種活動已經(jīng)成為美國文化的一部分。所以C為正確答案。注意D選項是第四段談到的內(nèi)容，它表達了一些農(nóng)民對持有槍的看法，故不能選。
33.C。本題出現(xiàn)在文中第四段中間部分：To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association fNRA)was founded in l 871.The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation.通過該句可知，該組織存在的主要目的是保護美國人擁有槍的權利。故選C。
34.D。本題出現(xiàn)在文中第五段。該段中講到，美國槍泛濫，民眾呼吁對槍進行限制。因為在看似平靜的校園里也頻繁發(fā)生槍擊事件，迫使立法者們采取行動制定法律。所以D為正確答案。
35.D。本題需要通讀全文后才能得出答案。文中講到了美國社會中一個比較嚴重的問題持有槍，然后作者客觀地描述了持有槍是美國社會文化的一部分，而且提到了美國持槍協(xié)會對這一問題的態(tài)度。同時作者也指出持槍給社會帶來的嚴重后果，提醒我們要對這一問題引起足夠的重視。綜上分析，D為正確答案。
第二篇
36.D。答案在文章首段的末尾：At this rate，average income doubles every 35 years.In some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid.In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.文章首先提到，在美國人均收入每35年翻一番，接著指出在一些國家經(jīng)濟增長速度更快，可見經(jīng)濟增長速度與人均收入增長是成正比的，即人均收入增長越快，就說明經(jīng)濟增長速度越快。根據(jù)后面的例子，日本人均收入20年翻一番，而韓國則只需10年，由此可推知，韓國的經(jīng)濟增長速度最快。
37.B。本題考查根據(jù)上下文推測詞義的能力。該詞出現(xiàn)在第二段：In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living;in nations where workers are less productive，most people must endure a more meager existence.這里對兩類國家進行了對比，首先在那些單位時間內(nèi)能生產(chǎn)出大量的產(chǎn)品和服務，即生產(chǎn)力水平較高的國家，大多數(shù)人的生活水平都較高;接著與之相對應，在那些生產(chǎn)力水平較低的國家，人們的生活水平肯定較低，因此可推出meager肯定跟窮困”的意思接近，故答案只能為poor。modest意為“謙虛的，適度的”;meaningless意為“毫無意義的”;plentiful意為“許多的，豐富的”。
38.C。本題答案在第三段：Ifproductivity is the primary determinant of living standards.Other explanations must be of secondary importance.For example，people might think that labor unions or minimumwage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century.Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.由上面的論述可知，生產(chǎn)力對人們的生活水平起決定作用，其他因素都是次要的。
39.A。本題答案在最后一段。本段主要論述研究生產(chǎn)力和生活水平之間的關系對公共政策制定的重大意義。政策的制定者們必須考慮到生產(chǎn)力的提高也就意味著生活水平的提高。如何提高生產(chǎn)力從而提高人們的生活水平就是他們必須認真思考的。而提高生產(chǎn)力就必須提高工人的教育水平，擁有先進的生產(chǎn)和服務工具以及接觸高科技。所以推斷出研究生產(chǎn)力和生活水平之間的關系的意義在于引起政策制定者關注勞動力素質的提高。故選A。
40.B。本題屬主旨大意題。整篇文章主要論述了生產(chǎn)力和人們的生活水平之間的關系。A和C選項都很片面，只是文章某一段落的主題;而D選項只提到提高生產(chǎn)力的重要性，沒有提到人們的生活水平。
第三篇
41.B。題干：根據(jù)文章所述，下列哪一項是對的?文章的第三段和第四段的主題思想都圍繞著“scientists have shown increasing Success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike”，即，科學家們已經(jīng)能夠越來越成功地預測地震發(fā)生的時間和地點了。
42.B。題干：我們從短文可以推斷出地震___________ 。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到原文第二段“The great majority of aU earthquakes occllr in two specific geographic areas.One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses.The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains，includin9…”由此可知B選項為正確答案。
43.C。第三段中“this elementofthe unknown”指的是 ___________ 。This element ofthe unknown出現(xiàn)在文章的第三段開頭，對于指示代詞this的理解要看上下文的銜接，第二段最后提到90%的地震可能在任何時間和地點發(fā)生。這句話暗示地震發(fā)生的時間和地點是未知的，所以答案為C。
44.A。人類目前關于地震先測的研究是為了___________ 。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到文中第三段，該段提到了“全球地震預警系統(tǒng)可以幫助應對(因此減少)突如其來的地震造成的巨大傷害”，因此A選項中的reduce是對原文lessen的最好闡釋。
45.A。題干：作者寫這篇文章的目的是什么?從整篇文章看來，作者只是告訴讀者關于地震發(fā)生和預防的一些信息，所以A選項“告知信息”比B選項“娛樂讀者”、c選項“不同意某種觀點”、D選項“質疑某種觀點”更切合題意。
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