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中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)數(shù)詞

時(shí)間:2024-12-09 20:20:11 興亮 試題 我要投稿
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2023中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)數(shù)詞

  中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)數(shù)詞 1

 、.直擊中考

  數(shù)詞分為兩種:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞,表示人或事物數(shù)量多少的數(shù)詞,叫基數(shù)詞,如one,two,three,ten;表示人或事物的順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞,如first,second,third,fourth等。在中考中主要考查的是:

  (1)基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、倍數(shù)的表達(dá);

  (2)日期、時(shí)刻、年代、年齡的表示法;

  (3)掌握表數(shù)目的名詞(如dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等)的有關(guān)用法,以及“許多”的表示法。平時(shí)備考時(shí),考生應(yīng)將用基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞表示物的正確形式加以對(duì)比、歸納、總結(jié)、熟練掌握以及牢記常用的數(shù)位名詞所表示的數(shù)目大小等。

 、.知識(shí)精講

  1)數(shù)詞知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)

  2)數(shù)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)剖析:

  A.基數(shù)詞

  1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及讀法

 、1-12的構(gòu)成為獨(dú)立單詞

 、13-19的構(gòu)成都以后綴-teen結(jié)尾,但thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為不規(guī)則變化

 、20-90的構(gòu)成都以后綴-ty結(jié)尾,但twenty,thirty,forty,eighty為不規(guī)則變化

 、21-99的構(gòu)成是在十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間加連字符-25 twenty-five

 、萑粩(shù)101-999的構(gòu)成要注意百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)(個(gè)位數(shù))之間用and連接。 nine hundred and one

 、抻⒄Z中沒有“萬”這個(gè)單位,1000以上而不到100萬的數(shù)詞都用thousand表示

 、甙偃f 1,000,000:one (a) million

 、嗲f 10,000,000:ten million

  ⑨億 100,000,000:one (a) hundred million

 、馐畠| 1,000,000,000:one (a) thousandmillion(等于美國(guó)英語a billion)

  注:英語數(shù)字中,只有hundred后才加and

  2.基數(shù)詞的作用

 、僮髦髡ZTwo of the girls are from California.姑娘中有兩個(gè)來自加州。

  ②作表語He is a little over five.他才五歲多一點(diǎn)。

  ③作賓語Give me two.給我兩個(gè)。

 、茏鞫ㄕZThe river is about eighty miles long.這條河大約八十英尺長(zhǎng)。

 、葑魍徽ZYou two take these seats.你們兩個(gè)坐這里。

  3.基數(shù)詞的特殊用法

  (1)表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”時(shí),用逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  in the1990s 20世紀(jì)90年代;in ones twenties在某人20多歲時(shí)

  (2)用在習(xí)語中。如:in twos and threes三三兩兩地

  4.基數(shù)詞的注意事項(xiàng)

  (1)幾十幾的基數(shù)詞的十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要用連字符"-"連接。如:

  eighty-five85;twenty-six 26

  (2)三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞須在百位和十位(若無十位則和個(gè)位)之間用and連接。如:three hundred and sixty-five 365;two hundred and six 206

  (3)基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)基數(shù)詞hundred,thousand,million,billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞或several修飾時(shí),必須用單數(shù)。如:

  severalhundred years ago幾百年前;twothousand students兩千個(gè)學(xué)生

  B.序數(shù)詞

  1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成

 、傩驍(shù)詞多數(shù)由"基數(shù)詞-th"構(gòu)成,序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the

 、谏贁(shù)序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成屬特殊情況

  One-first two-second three-thirdfive-fifth

 、垡詙結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),先將y改為i,再加-eththirty-thirtieth

  ④21以上的多位數(shù),要將末位數(shù)改為序數(shù)詞,前面其他位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞eighty-three—eighty-third

 、菪驍(shù)詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成

  first-1st second-2nd

  2.序數(shù)詞的用法

 、僮髦髡ZThe third of the month was a holiday.

  ②作表語Who was the third?

 、圩鞫ㄕZWe live on the fifth floor.

  ④作賓語I was among the first to learn of this.

 、葑魍徽ZWho is that man,thefirst in the front row?

 、拮鳡钫ZWhen did you first meet him?

  注:有時(shí)序數(shù)詞并不指順序,而是表示“再一,又一”的意思。此時(shí)序數(shù)詞前要加不定冠詞I want to make a second try.

  3.序數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用

  序數(shù)詞應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng):

  1.多位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時(shí),只需將末位基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞,前邊的基數(shù)詞不變。如:

  forty-two 42 forty-second第42

  nine-hundred 900 nine-hundredth第900

  2.當(dāng)序數(shù)詞用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示時(shí),必須在數(shù)字后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母。

  如:21st第21;32nd第32

  3.序數(shù)詞前一般要用定冠詞the,如果序數(shù)詞前用a或an時(shí),則表示“又一;再一”(沒有具體范圍的限制)。如:

  Though he had failed twice,he wanted to try a third time.

  The little monkey had had three apples,and he wanted to eat a fourth one.

  C.數(shù)詞表示方法

  1.年、月、日、時(shí)的寫法和讀法

 、俦硎救掌谟眯驍(shù)詞,前面加定冠詞

  3月8日 March the eighth

 、 年份一般分為兩部分讀,先讀前兩位數(shù),再讀后兩位數(shù)

  1949 nineteenforty-nine

  ③ 以上時(shí)間合在一起的寫法

  1955年10月1日上午10點(diǎn) 10:00 a.m.October 1st,1955

  2.分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法

  分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成,基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母,除了分子為1的情況,序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。帶分?jǐn)?shù)中的整數(shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,并用and和分?jǐn)?shù)隔開。

  14 one-fourths 3-25 three and two-fifths

  3.小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示

  1)小數(shù)的表示6.4 six point four

  2)表示百分?jǐn)?shù)用"基數(shù)詞+percent(per cent)"形式50% fifty percent

  4.年份和日期

  1)年份的讀法為每?jī)晌粩?shù)讀一個(gè)詞。

  如:1950讀作nineteen fifty

  1800讀作eighteen hundred

  2000讀作two thousand

  2)日期的讀法有兩種

  (1)先月后日,日子要讀成序數(shù)詞。

  如:9月29日可讀作September(the) twenty-ninth

  (2)先日后月,在月份之前加Of。

  如:9月29日也可讀作thetwenty-ninth of September

  3)年月日同時(shí)出現(xiàn),年代放在最后,年代前用逗號(hào)隔開。

  如:2005年2月1日可寫成the first ofFebruary ,2005或February( the) first,2005

  5.時(shí)間和鐘點(diǎn)

  6:00讀作six (oclock)

  7:30讀作seven thirty/half past seven

  9:45讀作nine forty-five/a quarter to ten

  2:15讀作two fifteen/a quarter past two

  6.編號(hào)的表達(dá)

  1)事物名詞(不加冠詞)+基數(shù)詞。

  如:Lesson One,Part Three,ChannelFive,Gate Nine,World War Ⅱ

  2)定冠詞+序數(shù)詞+事物名詞。

  如:the first lesson,the third part,thefifth channel,the ninth gate,

  7.加減乘除的英語表達(dá)

  plus/and加,minus減,time/multiplied by乘,divided by除。如:

  1)12 +8=? How much is twelve plus/and eight?

  2)40—11=29,F(xiàn)ortyminus eleven is/equals twenty nine.

  3)3×6 =18, Three times six is/equals eighteen.

  4)56÷7=? How much is fifty-six divided by seven?

 、.精選易錯(cuò)試題

  1.Every year,_____ people go to visit their factory.

  A.a thousand of

  B.thousands

  C.thousand of

  D.thousands of

  答案:D

  解析:數(shù)詞hundred,thousand,million等后面跟of時(shí),要變復(fù)數(shù)。排除C。thousand前接具體數(shù)字時(shí),后面不能跟of,排除A。thousands后要加of,排除B 故選D

  2.Tomhas just finished writing a _________ article.

  A.nine-hundred-words

  B.nine-hundreds-word

  C.nine-hundred-word

  D.nine-hundreds-words

  答案:C

  解析:考查復(fù)合形容詞。帶連詞符的名詞不加s。故選C

  3._______people lost their homes in Japan’s earthquake.

  A.Two thousands

  B.Thousand

  C.Thousands of

  D.Thousand of

  答案:C

  解析:hundred,thousand 如果有具體數(shù)字修飾,用單數(shù)形式,表示具體數(shù)目。表示約數(shù)時(shí),用hundreds of ,thousands of 的形式,表示“成百上千的”,“成千上萬的”。句意:在日本地震中上千人失去了家園。故選C

  4.Lastyear,I visited a chemical factory in Baise,there are about _____ workers in it.

  A.six thousands

  B.six thousand

  C.six thousands of

  D.six thousand of

  答案:B

  解析:thousands of 前面不加具體數(shù)詞。故排除A 、C。thousand前接具體數(shù)字時(shí),后面不能跟of,故排除D !傲と恕钡恼_表達(dá)是“six thousand workers”。故選B

  5.About_______ofthe students in our class were born in the____.

  A.two-thirds,1990s

  B.two-thirds,1990

  C.two-third,1990s

  答案:A

  解析:分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母為序數(shù)詞。分子不是一的,分母序數(shù)詞加S。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故選A

  6.—How often do you exercise?

  —__________.

  A.Two B.Twice C.Second

  答案:B

  解析:two二,為基數(shù)詞;twice兩次;second第二,為序數(shù)詞。根據(jù)問句“你多久鍛煉一次?”故選B

  7.Theteacher said that__ of the boys would take part in the talent show.

  A.three five

  B.three fives

  C.thirds fifths

  D.three fifths

  答案:D

  解析:分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,當(dāng)分子不是一的時(shí)候,分母要用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選D

  8.Tomorrowis the boy’s ________ birthday.

  A.seventh

  B.seven

  C.seventeen

  答案:A

  解析:說某某人的第幾歲生日時(shí),要用序數(shù)詞。B和C都是基數(shù)詞,故選A

  9.—Whichis the biggest number of the four?

  —_________.

  A.One-third

  B.Two-thirds

  C.A half

  D.A quarter

  答案:C

  解析:本題考查分?jǐn)?shù)比值的大小。通過對(duì)比可知.故選C

  10.—Excuseme,where can I buy a jacket?

  —Youcan go to the Mens Wear Section on the_________ floor.

  A.two B.twice C.second

  答案:C

  解析:序數(shù)詞的考查。The后面接序數(shù)詞,意為“第……”.故選C

  11.Now,everybody,please turn to Page ________ and look at the ________picture.

  A.Fifth;five

  B.Five;fifth

  C.Fifth;fifth

  D.Five;five

  答案:B

  解析:數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞;鶖(shù)詞前沒有冠詞,序數(shù)詞前有定冠詞the。故選B

  12.I don’t believe that this _____ boy canpaint such a nice picture.

  A.five years old

  B.five-years-old

  C.five-year-old

  答案:C

  解析:five-year-old 這類復(fù)合詞可以用作形容詞,作前置定語。連字符號(hào)中間的名字要用單數(shù)。故選C

  13.Footballis so exciting that _____ people in the world play it.

  A.million of

  B.millions of

  C.two millions of

  答案:B

  解析:當(dāng)million與具體的數(shù)字連用時(shí),用單數(shù),而且其后也不接of;當(dāng)millions不與具體數(shù)字連用,而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí),則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù),而且要后接of,然后才能接名詞。

  14.—Which room do they live in?

  —They live in _________.

  A.406 Room

  B.The Room 406

  C.Room 406

  D.the 406 Room

  答案:C

  解析:表示編號(hào)用 名詞+基數(shù)詞。故選C

  15.—How was your day off yesterday?

  —Perfect! It was my grandma’s ________birthday.We had a big cake.

  A.eighty

  B.eightieth

  C.the eightieth

  答案:B

  解析:考查數(shù)詞的用法。表示“某人多大生日”應(yīng)該使用序數(shù)詞,且不需要使用定冠詞。故選B

  中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)數(shù)詞 2

  一、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞

  1. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的表達(dá)方法:

  基數(shù)詞是用于表示數(shù)目的多少的詞。序數(shù)詞是表示順序的先后的詞。兩者之間可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。如:

  one----first

  two---- second

  three----third

  four----fourth

  five----fifth

  nine----ninth

  eleven----eleventh

  twelve----twelfth

  thirteen----thirteenth

  fourteen----fourteenth

  fifteen----fifteenth

  twenty----twentieth

  twenty-one----twenty-first

  twenty-two----twenty-second

  twenty-three----twenty-third

  twenty-nine----twenty-ninth

  thirty----thirtieth

  thirty-nine---- thirty-ninth

  forty----fortieth

  forty-nine----forty-ninth

  fifty----fiftieth

  fifty-nine----fifty-ninth

  ninety-nine----ninety-ninth

  2.序數(shù)詞的用法(舉例)

  1)經(jīng)常在其前加the。如:

  My brother is the twenty-ninth(二十九) in his class.

  我的哥哥在他們班是第29。

  His birthday is on April the fifth.

  他的生日在4月5號(hào)。

  2)前面不加the。

  (表示比賽名次時(shí))如:

  She is first in the math exam.

  她在數(shù)學(xué)考試中得了第一。

  I won first in the match.

  我在比賽中贏了第一。

 。ㄐ驍(shù)詞前有其它修飾詞時(shí))如:

  my first son

  我的第一個(gè)兒子

  I will have my sixteenth (十六)birthday.

  我將會(huì)過16歲生日。

  (用a修飾,表示又一次,再一次)如:

  Have a third try, you will do it well.

  再試一次,你將會(huì)做得好。

  3. 數(shù)字的讀法。如:

  322 three hundred and twenty-two

  45,682 forty-five thousand six hundred and eighty-two

  二、分?jǐn)?shù)

  1.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:

  分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子是1時(shí),分母用單數(shù);當(dāng)分子是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)。分子和分母之間可以加連字符號(hào),也可以不加。如:

  1)three fourths = three quarters四分之三

  2)one fourth = a quarter 四分之一

  3)five eighths; five-eighths八分之五

  2.分?jǐn)?shù)的用法:

  分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞時(shí),經(jīng)常在其后加of the。分?jǐn)?shù)做主語,謂語要和分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的名詞保持一致。如:

  1)Twothirds of the students are running.

  2/3的學(xué)生正在跑。

  2)Two thirds of the apple goes bad.

  這個(gè)蘋果的2/3壞了。

  三、百分比

  1.百分比表達(dá)法。如:

  five percent 5%

  2. 百分比的用法:

  百分比修飾名詞時(shí),經(jīng)常在其后加of the。百分比做主語,謂語要和分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的名詞保持一致。如:

  1)Sixty percent of the students go to school by bus.

  60%的學(xué)生坐公共汽車上學(xué)。

  2)Sixty percent of the waterhas been drunk already.

  60%的水已經(jīng)被喝了。

  四、hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法:

  hundreds of

  成百上千

  thousands of

  成千上萬

  millions of

  上百萬

  four hundred (and) fifty-sixbooks

  456本書

  four hundredbooks

  400本書

  五、時(shí)間表達(dá)法

  1.當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)少于30時(shí),用past。如:

  6:05 six o five/ five minutes past six

  7:10 seven ten/ ten past seven

  8:15 eight fifteen/ a quarter past eight

  2.當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)等于30時(shí),用half past。如:

  11:30 eleven thirty/ half past eleven

  3.當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)大于30時(shí),用to,分鐘數(shù)用60減去原分鐘數(shù),小時(shí)數(shù)用原小時(shí)數(shù)加上1。如:

  12:35 twelve thirty-five/ twenty-five to one

  4.在鐘點(diǎn)前用介詞at。如:at half past six 在六點(diǎn)半

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