歷年專八英語真題閱讀訓練（通用5篇）
在日常學習和工作中，我們都不可避免地會接觸到考試真題，借助考試真題可以為主辦方提供考生某方面的知識或技能狀況的信息。那么你知道什么樣的考試真題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？下面是小編為大家整理的歷年專八英語真題閱讀訓練，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。
歷年專八英語真題閱讀訓練 1
B、
Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital.
By 1998, almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically. A 24-hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the government’s plan to transform the nation into what it calls the “Intelligent Island”.
In so many ways, Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapore’s work force was rated the best in the world-ahead of Japan and the U.S.-in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service.
Behind the “Singapore miracle” is a man Richard Nixon described as one of “the ablest leaders I have met,” one who, “in other times and other places, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill.” Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore’s struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990. Today (1995), at 71, he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his country’s future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, cheap labor and strike-free environment.
Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities abound. “If you’ve got talent and work hard, you can be anything here,” says a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service position.
Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the “moral breakdown” of Western countries. He attributes his nation’s success to strong family ties, a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to America’s.
In an interview with Reader’s Digest, he said that the United States has “l(fā)ost its bearings” by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society. “An ethical society,” he said, “is one which matches human rights with responsibilities.”
1.What characterizes Singapore’s advancement is its___.
A.computer monitoring.
B.work efficiency.
C.high productivity.
D.value on ethics.
2.From Nixon’s perspective, Lee is___.
A.almost as great as Churchill.
B.not as great as Churchill.
C.only second to Churchill in being a leader.
D.just as great as Churchill.
3.In the last paragraph, “l(fā)ost its bearings” may mean___.
A.become impatient.
B.failed to find the right position.
C.lost its foundation.
D.grown band-mannered.
4.“You can be anything here”(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as___.
A.You can hope for a very bright prospect.
B.You may be able to do anything needed.
C.You can choose any job as you like.
D.You will become an outstanding worker.
5.In Singapore, the concept of efficiency___.
A.has been emphasized throughout the country.
B.has become an essential quality for citizens to aim at.
C.is brought forward by the government in order to compete with America.
D.is known as the basis for building the “Intelligent Island.”
歷年專八英語真題閱讀訓練 2
詞匯：
1. Apostolic 羅馬教皇的，使徒的
2. in succession to 繼承，接班
3. Martin Luther 馬丁?路德 1483——1546德國宗教改革家
4. teachings 教義
5. renounce 拋棄，擯棄，否認
6. papacy 羅馬教皇職位/制度，這里指羅馬教皇
7. cling to 堅持
8. damnation 詛咒，永遠的處罰
9. bloodsucker 吸血鬼
10. depot 倉庫，補給站
11. gorgeous 華麗的，燦爛的，輝煌的
12. spice 香料
13. enterprise 事業(yè)，業(yè)績，功勛
難句譯注：
例1. Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbor’s attempts to convert them.
[結構簡析] every which way. 四面八方，散亂。這里指四分五裂。EX : Railroads cross the country in every which way. 鐵路四通八達，縱橫全國。
[參考譯文] 就這樣歐洲四分五裂：東南部2/3仍然是天主教，西北部1/3是后來被稱為的基督教，雖然英國統(tǒng)治的愛爾蘭是穩(wěn)固的天主教，而西班牙統(tǒng)治的荷蘭，特別是靠近現(xiàn)代荷蘭的北部地區(qū)越來越變成基督教。事實上，在每個國家，不論官方聲稱是天主教還是基督教，相反信仰的人都拼命想把他的`鄰居變過來，也同樣強烈的抵制他們的鄰居企圖把他們變過去。
例2. Each party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themselves but for all who should permit them to survive and infect others with their errors.
[結構簡析] believed 有兩個賓語從句，用and連接。第一個賓語從句that it had hold of the truth中，the only… the one…都說明truth,是它的同位語。And 后的賓語從句省略了連詞that，句中有定語從句which must 修飾falsehood，后面的who定從修飾all.
[參考譯文] 每一派都認為他掌握了真理，唯一的至關重要的這里，通向永恒獲救解脫，而它的對手（敵人）死抓住錯誤不放，這必然導致永恒的詛咒；不僅詛咒他們自己，還詛咒那些讓他們生存下去，讓他們錯誤感染別人的人。
例3. Just as Elizabeth was to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protestants the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsucker,” and their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and other such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.
[結構簡析] 注意just as…so …句型，so 后是部分倒裝。To cleanse off消減，清除出。Jezebel耶西別古代以色列國王亞哈的妻子，殘忍。后指無恥放蕩的女人，胭脂虎。這里指英國女王伊麗莎白。
[參考譯文] 就像伊麗莎白女王對狂熱的天主教徒來講那是個耶西別；對基督教徒來說羅馬教皇是那個殘忍的吸血鬼。天主教徒是瘋狗，蛤蟆，其他種種惡魔，應從地球表面上清除出去。
歷年專八英語真題閱讀訓練 3
Personality is to a large extent inherent -- A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ‘win at all costs’ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.
習題
1. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.
[A] impatient
[B] considerate
[C] aggressive
[D] agreeable
2. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________.
[A] the pressure is too great on the students
[B] some students are bound to fail
[C] failure rates are too high
[D] the results of exanimations are doubtful
3. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.
[A] candidates’ sensitivity
[B] academic achievements
[C] competitive spirit
[D] surer values
4. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.
[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth
[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics
[C] the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors
[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society
全文翻譯
人的個性很大程度上取決于遺傳—A型父母通常生養(yǎng)出A型子女。但是環(huán)境也應該有深遠的影響，因為如果競爭對父母來說很重要，那它也可能成為孩子生活中的一個重要因素。
學校是培養(yǎng)A型孩子的場所，從本質(zhì)來講，學校是一個高度競爭性的機構。太多的學校遵從“不惜一切代價求勝”的道德標準并以運動成績來衡量其成功。目前熱衷于讓孩子與同學競爭或與時間賽跑造成了一種雙重體制。在這種體制中，競爭性的A型學生在某些方面似乎比B型的學生要好。對勝利過于執(zhí)著也會帶來危險的后果。請記住，第一位馬拉松運動員菲底庇德斯在說完“歡慶吧，我們征服了!”之后幾秒鐘便倒地喪生。
學校最糟糕的競爭方式是對考試的過分重視。能允許學生專注于所擅長之事的學校實為罕見。通過考試競爭這種做法的.好處本身有點值得懷疑，但在明確知曉有人會在考試中失敗的前提下仍進行競爭是肯定有害的。
顯然，讓所有A型兒童都轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)锽型既不現(xiàn)實也并不必要。世界需要不同的類型，學校的重要職責就是要努力使兒童的個性適合于他將來的職業(yè)。這是最高水平的教育經(jīng)營。
如果學校少強調(diào)一下學業(yè)，也許就有更多的時間向孩子傳授更重要的價值觀念。也許對照料性職業(yè)的人員選擇，尤其是醫(yī)務工作，可以少參照他們的化學成績，而要更多地考慮他們的敏感性和同情心。完全從A型人中挑選醫(yī)生肯定是錯誤的。B型人也很重要，應該受到鼓勵。
重點句
Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.
該句意義：
該句直接抨擊了學習以成就去估量一個人是否成功(measure the success by sporting achievements)、以成敗論英雄的社會必然造就很多“不惜一切代價獲取成功”(win at all costs)的人的這一事實，可以引申該內(nèi)容與社會競爭中的不擇手段和毫無道德相聯(lián)系。在考研寫作中，我們可以完全參照寫出相應的句子。比如：Too many people adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.
歷年專八英語真題閱讀訓練 4
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to
[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.
[B] Identify a problem.
[C] Bring together disparate facts.
[D] Stipulate clear goals.
2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?
[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.
[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.
[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.
[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?
[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.
[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.
[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.
[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.
4. The text provides support for which of the following statements?
[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.
[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.
[C] Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.
[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.
5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?
[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.
[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.
答案與考點解析
1. 「答案」D
「考點解析」這是一道歸納推導題。本題題干中的senior managers暗示本題的答案信息在第三段,因為第三段首句包含題干中的senior managers。通過仔細閱讀和理解本段中所談到的五點,我們可推導出本題的正確選項是選項D.本題選項A、B、C所涉及的內(nèi)容分別在本段的第五點、第一點和第三點提到�？忌诮忸}時一定要學會認真歸納和總結原文所表達的每一層含義。
2. 「答案」D
「考點解析」這是一道句間關系題。題干已將本題的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本題答案信息的最主要來源,通過閱讀和理解此句,我們可推導出本題的正確選項是D.考生在解題時一定要適當理解上下句之間的關系。
3. 「答案」C
「考點解析」本題是一道審題定位題。題干中的who uses intuition to reach decisions暗示本題的答案信息在第四段,因為第四段首句含有和題干中who uses intuition to reach decisions大致相同的the intuitive style of executive management。通過仔細閱讀和理解第四段的每一句話,我們可發(fā)現(xiàn)第四段的第一句話都在強調(diào)act(行動),可見本題的正確選項應該是強調(diào)行動的選項C.本題的.答案信息來源是第四段的第二句話�？忌诮忸}時一定要首先準確地審題定位,然后要善于歸納和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。
4. 「答案」D
「考點解析」本題是一道審題定位題。題干中并沒有明確指出本題答案信息在原文的準確位置。在這種情況下,考生往往迷失解題思路。在考生迷失解題思路時一定要牢記全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能夠抓住第一段的尾句,并結合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是D.考生在解題時,尤其是在迷失解題思路時,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同時還要抓一些明確表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合關系的句子結構。
5. 「答案」B
「考點解析」本題是一道段落結構題。第一句話中的do not和第二句句首的rather是破解本題的關鍵。抓住這兩個關鍵就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是B.考生在解題時一定要注意表示否定的詞語以及表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞語,更要注意句子之間的相互關系。
[參考譯文] 大部分成功的高層管理人員并不拘泥于傳統(tǒng)的推理模式,即：首先確定目標,然后估定問題,擺出各種可能性,估計成功率,再做決定,最后才付諸行動去實施。相反,在這些人的日常決策過程中,他們靠一種定義模糊的直覺應付大量相關問題,這些問題使他們必須在一堆含糊不清,自相矛盾,奇特無比或者令人驚異的事物中做抉擇,而且在考慮過程中就要有相應的行動。
管理學作品的寫作者早就注意到了實踐當中一些管理者對直覺依賴很強。不過總的來說,這些寫作者未曾表達出什么叫做直覺。有些人將其視作理性的對立面,還有人認為它是反復無常的(做法、性格)的一個借口。
Isenberg最近對高層管理人員認知過程的研究揭示了管理者的直覺并不是上述的任何一種情況。高層管理者是在五個不同的方面使用直覺。首先,他們直覺地感到有問題存在。第二,依靠直覺,管理者們能很快表現(xiàn)出有教養(yǎng)的行為方式。這種直覺并不是任意,非理性的,而是在多年實踐磨練,和親身體驗培養(yǎng)出的技能的基礎上形成。第三,直覺把一些零散的數(shù)據(jù)和實際情況組合為一個完整畫面,這經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)為一聲Aha式的體驗。第四,有些管理者也應用直覺來檢驗更理性化分析的結果。大部分高層管理人員熟知傳統(tǒng)的決策分析模式和工具,那些使用這些正式的系統(tǒng)化方法做出決定的人經(jīng)常會對一種情況保持警惕,那就是有時此方法得出的結論和他們對正確行為的感覺不符。最后,管理者可通過直覺繞開深奧的分析而快速產(chǎn)生一個可能的解決辦法。這么使用時,直覺幾乎是一個瞬間的思維過程,這一模式為管理者所熟悉。
這些管理者用直覺方式的一個特點是思考和行動不能分開。由于(在這種方式中)管理者在分析和解釋問題之前就已經(jīng)明白應該怎么去做,他們經(jīng)常是先行動,后解釋。在思考?D行動的循環(huán)中,分析是必不可少的。在這其中管理者們不是靠分析他們面對的形勢來思考其公司、組織的情況,而是行動和分析在高度一致地進行。
由于管理者們經(jīng)常面對許多不確定的情況,他們鼓勵采取各種行動來對問題作一番深入了解。他們藉此對問題做出更深的體會。這種思考行為循環(huán)的一個特點即：行動是確定問題的一部分,而不只是解決問題的步驟。
歷年專八英語真題閱讀訓練 5
“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”
This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”
習題
1.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.
[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade
[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright
[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years
[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered
2. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.
[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients
[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living
[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers
[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients
3. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.
[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person
[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated
[C] that can be driven out of normal cells
[D] which normal cells can’t turn off
4. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.
[A] dead
[B] ever-present
[C] inactive
[D] potential
全文翻譯
“我有極大的信心相信到這個十年期結束時我們將會詳盡地知曉癌細胞的生成原因，”一位癌癥專家和微生物學家羅伯特溫伯格說道�！暗�，”他告誡說，“有些人認為一旦人們弄清了病因，治療方法很快就會跟上。例如法國細菌學家巴斯德，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多傳染病的成因，但治療方法卻在五六十年后才問世�！�
今年，91萬癌癥患者中有一半將至少再活5年。國家癌癥研究所估計，到2000年存活率將升至75%�，F(xiàn)在對于一些皮膚癌來說，5年期的存活率高達90%，但其他類型癌癥的存活數(shù)據(jù)卻仍令人沮喪——肺癌13%，胰腺癌2%。
癌癥種類現(xiàn)有多達120多種，發(fā)現(xiàn)其規(guī)律實屬不易。研究者在70年代取得了很大的.進展。當時他們發(fā)現(xiàn)致癌基因，即那些可以引起癌癥的基因，在正常細胞中是不活動的。從宇宙射線到輻射到日常飲食，任何東西都有可能激活處于沉寂狀態(tài)中的致癌基因，但是如何激活不為人所知。如果若干致癌基因被激活，而細胞無力排除，它們就演變成了癌細胞。
導致癌變的確切機制仍然是個謎，但是許多癌癥始于基因這一可能性表明我們將永遠不能預防所有癌癥�！白兓沁M化過程中的一個正常部分，”腫瘤專家威廉海沃德說道。環(huán)境因素永遠無法完全消除，正如海沃德所指出的那樣：“我們無法準備出一種抗宇宙射線的藥�！�
治癌前景雖然遙遠，但卻越來越明朗了。
“首先，我們需要了解正常細胞如何控制其本身。其次，我們必須查明細胞中是否有一定數(shù)量的基因總是造成至少部分麻煩的原因。如果我們能弄清癌癥的原理，我們就能采取相應的措施�！�
重點句
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
該句意義：
該句雖然簡短，但是其將轉(zhuǎn)折語氣以插入語的結構進行了表達。在考研寫作中，我們可以完全參照寫出相應的句子。比如：The prospect for eliminating pollution, though still distant, is brighter. 消除污染的前景盡管遙遠，但是已經(jīng)更加明朗了。
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