考研英語(yǔ)作文的原則有哪些
作文向來(lái)是語(yǔ)言類(lèi)考試的難點(diǎn)，不管中文還是英文都一樣，我們需要找到它的原則。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語(yǔ)作文的原則指南，歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。
考研遵循七項(xiàng)原則搞定英語(yǔ)作文
一、長(zhǎng)短句原則
工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長(zhǎng)句，累死人!寫(xiě)一個(gè)短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in awayquite similar.
如此可見(jiàn)，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，抑揚(yáng)頓挫，豈不爽哉?牢記!
強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段(開(kāi)頭)用一長(zhǎng)一短，且先長(zhǎng)后短;在文章主體部分，要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式，定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。
二、主題句原則
國(guó)有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會(huì)給人造成“群龍無(wú)首”之感!相信各位讀過(guò)一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫(xiě)一個(gè)主題句，放在文章的開(kāi)頭(保險(xiǎn)型)或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會(huì)平安無(wú)事!特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared beforetheexam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、一 二 三原則
第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn)… 這樣的格式條理清楚，考官們也可以通過(guò)這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來(lái)判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。方法很簡(jiǎn)單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推薦，原因：俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦，原因：俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦，原因：俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦，原因：俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)
10)for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)
建議：不僅僅在寫(xiě)作中注意，平時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該條理清楚!
四、短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則
寫(xiě)作時(shí)，尤其是在考試時(shí)，如果使用短語(yǔ)，有兩個(gè)好處：其一、用短語(yǔ)會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單，看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語(yǔ)，必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)—精彩的短語(yǔ)，那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦?用短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)辦法!比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it. I want it.
可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。
五、多實(shí)少虛原則
原因很簡(jiǎn)單，寫(xiě)文章還是應(yīng)該寫(xiě)一些實(shí)際的東西，不要空話(huà)連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞。
這里的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說(shuō)一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)該之說(shuō) nice 這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如 generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted,hospital 之類(lèi)的形象詞。再比如：
走出房間，general 的詞是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：slip out of the room
小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：sail out of the room
小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：dance out of the room
老人走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：stagger out of the room
所以多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞，文章將會(huì)大放異彩!
六、多變句式原則
1、加法(串聯(lián))
都希望寫(xiě)下很長(zhǎng)的句子，像個(gè)老外似的，可就是怕寫(xiě)錯(cuò)，怎么辦，最保險(xiǎn)的寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加 and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說(shuō)：
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個(gè)超級(jí)句式：
Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.(notonly…butalso…)
其它的短語(yǔ)可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2、轉(zhuǎn)折(拐彎抹角)
批評(píng)某人缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說(shuō)說(shuō)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說(shuō)缺點(diǎn)，這種方式雖然陰險(xiǎn)了點(diǎn)，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候，只要在要點(diǎn)之前先來(lái)點(diǎn)廢話(huà)，注意二者之間用個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞就夠了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. Thecoatwasthin,but it was warm.
更多的短語(yǔ)：despite that, still 仍, however 然而, nevertheless 然而, in spite of 不管, despite不管, notwithstanding .雖然
3、因果(so, so, so)
講故事的時(shí)候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個(gè)詞就變得很常見(jiàn)了。其實(shí)這個(gè)詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系。
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短語(yǔ)：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4、失衡句(頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重)
有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長(zhǎng)成這個(gè)樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會(huì)吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子，就更會(huì)讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實(shí)就是主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的變形。
舉例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同樣主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分：When to go, Why he goes away…
5、附加(多此一舉)
如果有了老婆，總會(huì)遇到這樣的情況，當(dāng)你再講某個(gè)人的時(shí)候，她會(huì)插一句說(shuō)，我昨天見(jiàn)過(guò)他;或者說(shuō)，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話(huà)插入到我們的話(huà)里面，那就是定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句或者是插入語(yǔ)。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，同位語(yǔ)--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個(gè)句子的構(gòu)成;定語(yǔ)從句—借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個(gè)句子插入其中，但是 whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。
6、排比(排山倒海句)
文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過(guò)于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話(huà)，那么我希望你引用一個(gè)個(gè)的排比句，一個(gè)個(gè)得對(duì)偶句，一個(gè)個(gè)的不定式，一個(gè)個(gè)地詞，一個(gè)個(gè)的短語(yǔ)，如此表達(dá)將會(huì)使文章有排山倒海之勢(shì)!
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas,solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢(shì)恢宏)
要想寫(xiě)出如此氣勢(shì)恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
七、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則
既然是挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀。
原理：在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子，其實(shí)也很簡(jiǎn)單，只要花上 5 分鐘的時(shí)間看看就可以領(lǐng)會(huì)，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語(yǔ)一致，而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如：
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
如果你可以寫(xiě)出這樣的句子，不得高分才會(huì)奇怪。
考研英語(yǔ)小作文萬(wàn)能模板
一、道歉信
道歉信是由于自己的疏忽失誤而向?qū)Ψ奖磉_(dá)歉意并出于誠(chéng)意寫(xiě)出具體彌補(bǔ)辦法。第一段首先亮出寫(xiě)作目的并簡(jiǎn)單闡述該物品的狀態(tài)：I am writing to make an apology to you for+句子(表明事件因由)。
第二段列出出錯(cuò)的原因及具體補(bǔ)救辦法：To make up my fault, ......\ I will......as a token of my apology\ I sincerely apologize for my careless mistake as well as for any inconvenience thus caused to you.
第三段再一次表達(dá)歉意：Once again, I am sorry for my carelessness. Looking forward to your reply.
應(yīng)用文中的這三類(lèi)投訴信、建議信、道歉信，每一類(lèi)都有其寫(xiě)作的范式和具體的內(nèi)容要求，并且語(yǔ)言要求簡(jiǎn)單準(zhǔn)確，所以這需要大家清楚每一類(lèi)文章的一些常用語(yǔ)句，在平常積累背誦，在考場(chǎng)上信手拈來(lái)。
二、投訴信
投訴信是對(duì)于產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)等的不滿(mǎn)意，進(jìn)而需要寫(xiě)出自己的.意見(jiàn)和要求。第一段需寫(xiě)寫(xiě)信的目的以及自己的一個(gè)概括的期望：常用套話(huà)比如I venture to write to complain about ……+定語(yǔ)從句;I would be grateful if you could do anything necessary to solve the problem facing me.
第二段闡述兩、三方面所面臨的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的問(wèn)題及后果：there are several aspects underlying this complaint. For one thing,......For another,......In addition,......
第三段給出具體的期望，比如退款或更換新產(chǎn)品：It is my sincere hope that you could give me full refund or replace it with a new one. Your kind reply to this letter at your earliest convenience would be very much appreciated.
三、推薦信
推薦信可以推薦一個(gè)人、一個(gè)地方、一本書(shū)、一部電影。在信中表明推薦的內(nèi)容、原因及進(jìn)一步的溝通。
第一段概括說(shuō)要推薦的內(nèi)容：I am writing to you to recommend .I have sufficient reasons to introduce this to you and I dare say this is the best I have ever seen.
第二段敘述推薦的東西的價(jià)值，可以從表面和深層兩方面來(lái)寫(xiě)：This movie/book/city的主題或城市坐落于哪里。What is more, 情節(jié)吸引人、里邊景色引人入勝。Finally, this movie will definitely change our attitude toward this world and the people around us. We will learn that......
第三段總結(jié)句：Therefore I don’t hesitate to recommend this to you. I am sure you will enjoy the。
四、辭職信
辭職信內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)所在公司及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的感謝，并表明辭職原因并表達(dá)歉意，最后再致歉并送上簡(jiǎn)單祝福。第一段首先致謝：I am grateful to be employed as 職位+時(shí)間。Thank you for your kind attention and I would appreciate the opportunity of having worked here.
第二段表明自己要辭職，列出原因，比如離家遠(yuǎn)想換到更近的位置;工作不適合自己等等。現(xiàn)在給大家一個(gè)例子：However, I regret having to resign from my position. The reason for changing my working plan is that I have expected the job to be interesting and challenging, which turns out to be the opposite. As a young man full of enthusiasm, I therefore decide to quit this job for something else.可以根據(jù)自己的具體情況給出自己的理由，切不可千篇一律。
第三段簡(jiǎn)單表明希望得到允許、歉意及祝福：I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Wish you and your company great success in the future.
五、建議信
一般就某個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題或個(gè)人問(wèn)題給出自己的意見(jiàn)或建議，比如環(huán)境要改善的諫言;研究生活應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行，等等。分兩類(lèi)建議信，一類(lèi)寫(xiě)給機(jī)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)言要正式嚴(yán)謹(jǐn);而如果寫(xiě)給熟人，則語(yǔ)言可以隨意一些。第一段概括寫(xiě)出寫(xiě)信的大致內(nèi)容：I am writing here to provide some advice to improve......\You have asked me for my advice concerning/with regard to......
第二段詳述具體的建議，可分條闡述：To begin with,......Besides,......Moreover,......
第三段總結(jié)段：I hope you will find these suggestions useful and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a good work.
六、求職信
求職信內(nèi)容包含簡(jiǎn)單告知求職人從何處獲悉空缺職位;自我介紹闡述職位所需的而自己符合的優(yōu)點(diǎn);盼對(duì)方早日恢復(fù)給以面試機(jī)會(huì)。第一段：I am looking for a position in 專(zhuān)業(yè) department in which I may use my training in 專(zhuān)業(yè) to solve 專(zhuān)業(yè) problems. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member.
第二段表明自己符合該職位。I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and working experience. Second, I am young, enthusiastic and sociable, and these personalities also make me a perfect candidate for it. Last, my hobbies include......
第三段盼能給以面試機(jī)會(huì)并表示感謝：I wish you would give me an opportunity to be interviewed. I can be reached by calling me or the address on the envelope. I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my application favorably at your earliest convenience and give me a reply.
考研英語(yǔ)作文經(jīng)典句型大總結(jié)
因果句型
1、Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that。隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題，其中之一便是____________。
2、It is precisely because (原因)…that (導(dǎo)致結(jié)果)…
3、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
4、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)
比較型
1、(Just) as …, so… 正如…
2、A is to B what X is to Y. A對(duì)于B 就象X對(duì)于Y
3、Nothing is+ ~~~ er than to + V; Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V 沒(méi)有比……更……的了。
提出建議
1、By +V+ing, ~~ can ~~ (借著...，..能夠..)
2、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我們絕對(duì)不能...)
3、The first nut for us to crack is… 我們首先要解決的是……
4、My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are
as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,…
數(shù)據(jù)的變化
1、…to sink/drop/reduce to… 減少到…
2、…to experience a decrease/decline …有了減少
3、…add up to… 增加了
4、to experience an increase/incline …有了增長(zhǎng)
5、…to go up and down …起伏不定
6、…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持穩(wěn)定，幾乎不變
7、…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 與…成正比/反比
8、…account for…percent 占百分之幾
9、A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的兩倍，一半，三倍
一些事物的看法
1、There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物都有其兩面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________
2、According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than.根據(jù)我的個(gè)性以及興趣，我選擇_______而不會(huì)選擇__________
3、Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion.就我個(gè)人而言，我支持后者(前者)___________
4、Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person。俗話(huà)說(shuō)，""不同的人對(duì)此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
5、……cannot emphasize the importance of……too much.再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)...的重要性也不為過(guò)
其他句型
1、The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention。人類(lèi)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歷史的嶄新的階段，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。
2、The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention。人類(lèi)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歷史的嶄新的階段，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。
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