考研英語(yǔ)有哪些重點(diǎn)的倒裝句
我們?cè)跍?zhǔn)備考研英語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，當(dāng)然少不了要把重點(diǎn)的倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握好。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)的倒裝句指導(dǎo)，歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。
考研英語(yǔ)倒裝句重點(diǎn)：修辭倒裝的五類用法
1、在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等開(kāi)頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這些都是表示否定或半否定意義的詞或詞組。
例如：
Never have I come across such a difficult problem.
我還從沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)這樣困難的問(wèn)題。
Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少讀這種雜志。
No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.
他們剛走，公共汽車就來(lái)了。
Never before have I met him. 我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
Hardly did I think it possible. 我想這幾乎不可能。
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.
我們不但應(yīng)該不怕困難，而且要盡最大努力克服困難。
Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到半夜雨才停。
(正常語(yǔ)序是：It did not stop raining until midnight. 注意not位置的變化)
Very seldom do you find that two clocks or watches exactly agree. 你很難發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)鐘或表的時(shí)間完全一樣。
By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.
這種方法決不會(huì)產(chǎn)生令人滿意的結(jié)果。
翻譯練習(xí)(使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))：
1)我從來(lái)沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這么一本有意思的書(shū)。
Never have I read such an interesting book.
2)她一點(diǎn)也不知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
Little does she know what may happen.
3)我簡(jiǎn)直不相信這是真的。
Hardly could I believe it (to be) true.
4)我剛到家，就下起大雨來(lái)了。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.
5)最近我很少見(jiàn)到她。
Seldom have I met her recently.
6)愛(ài)因斯坦不僅是世界聞名的科學(xué)家，而且還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的小提琴家。
Not only was Einstein a world famous scientist, but also a fairly good violinist.
7)直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束，他才回家。
Not until after the war did he return home.
(正常語(yǔ)序是： He did not return home until after the war.)
8)在任何情況下，我們都不應(yīng)該做違反人民意愿的事。
Under no circumstances should we do anything against the will of the people.
2、在以“only+狀語(yǔ)”開(kāi)頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這里only后面必須跟有它修飾的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，這是關(guān)鍵。否則就不倒裝。
例如：
Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.
只是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后人類才意識(shí)到原子彈的可惡。
(注意：only 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句不倒裝，主句倒裝。)
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
只在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves.
只有用這種方法我們才能不斷提高自己。
Only after you finish it can you leave.
只有結(jié)束它以后，你才能離開(kāi)。(主句倒裝)
注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修飾的不是狀語(yǔ)，則不倒裝。
如：
The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. 只有在艱苦的談判以后，合同才得以簽署。
(改成倒裝：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)
Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.
只許資深的職員使用這個(gè)房間。
Only five passengers survived the accident.
事故中只有五位旅客生存了下來(lái)。
3、用于以表示處所、聲音等意義的副詞開(kāi)頭的句子。用表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的不及物動(dòng)詞(如go, come, rush, fly 等)作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了表示生動(dòng)，可將某些副詞放在句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
Away flew the birds. 鳥(niǎo)兒飛走了。
Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。
Down came the rain. 下起大雨來(lái)了。
Bang went the firecracker. 爆竹砰的一聲響了。
The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.
門突然開(kāi)了，一個(gè)陌生人沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。
4、用倒裝來(lái)避免頭重腳輕，使句子顯得平衡。這主要是因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
例如：
At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.
在那邊那個(gè)大房子的中央有一張用從南美洲的`巴西進(jìn)口的木頭做成的桌子。
(正常語(yǔ)序：A table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the big room over there. 這句話主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)間隔太長(zhǎng)，不平衡。)
Still wider will be the use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense.
雷達(dá)在我們的國(guó)防事業(yè)中起著非常重要的作用，它的用處將會(huì)更廣泛。
(正常語(yǔ)序：The use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense, will be still wider. 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)間隔太長(zhǎng)，不平衡。)
Written in English on the blackboard were these words: “Merry Christmas!” 在黑板上用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)著這么幾個(gè)字：“圣誕快樂(lè)!”
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents. 出席會(huì)議的有校長(zhǎng)、英語(yǔ)教師和學(xué)生們的家長(zhǎng)。
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是國(guó)王和王后們的墓穴和通往墓穴的長(zhǎng)通道。
5、其他用法
倒裝還可用在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的句子中。把表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前。
如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
愛(ài)因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)取得了偉大成就的單純的人。
Such was the story he told me. 這就是他給我講的故事。
Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism.
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)：活用定語(yǔ)變幻多樣句型
一.介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，如the bird in the tree(樹(shù)上的小鳥(niǎo))，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅館的路)，the life in the future(未來(lái)的生活)。
二.不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾限定其前的名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)。分為以下三類：
1. 在某些名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中可用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。
I have a lot of homework to do.
He is the first to finish the task.
There are a lot of things to do.
2. 在某些抽象名詞后可用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，具體說(shuō)明抽象名詞的內(nèi)容。常見(jiàn)名詞有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句：
He has the ability to do the work.
I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.
3. 動(dòng)詞不定式有時(shí)可替代一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，與其前修飾的名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，在時(shí)態(tài)上含有將來(lái)的含義。例如：
Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.
In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.
三、分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。這時(shí)一般可以改寫(xiě)為定語(yǔ)從句，現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)與修飾的名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)與修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如,
S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you.
S2：What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?
S1中，lady和wait之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，S2中，language與spoken之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
我們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)，為了讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)更為高級(jí)，或是達(dá)到句式多樣的目的，常用分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)來(lái)代替定語(yǔ)從句。如在2012年的考研英語(yǔ)作文中，我們?cè)诿鑸D表示兩個(gè)人對(duì)同樣的半瓶水表現(xiàn)出不同的態(tài)度時(shí)，可以說(shuō)：As is shown in the picture, there is a contrast between two men facing the same problem with half a bottle of water. 在這個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子中，我們用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作men的后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句who face the same problem with half a bottle of water. 再如，在表達(dá)一個(gè)人眉頭緊縮，因?yàn)樗隽税l(fā)出嘆息，可以說(shuō)：The one frowning in anxiety is sighing because the water is spoilt out of the bottle。此句中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作one的后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于從句who frowns in anxiety。用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)代替從句可以使句式更簡(jiǎn)短，句型也更為高級(jí)，更加豐富，同時(shí)也顯示出考生深厚的語(yǔ)法功底。
考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句翻譯基技巧
1、根據(jù)詞在句中的詞類來(lái)選擇和確定詞義
They are as like as two peas .他們相似極了。(形容詞)
He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜歡數(shù)學(xué)甚于喜歡物理。(動(dòng)詞)
Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.小麥、燕麥等等皆系谷類。(名詞)
2、根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系以及詞在句中的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)選擇和確定詞義。
He is the last man to come.他是最后來(lái)的。
He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干這個(gè)工作。
He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不該怪他。
This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也沒(méi)料到會(huì)在這個(gè)地方見(jiàn)到你。
詞義引申是我們英譯漢時(shí)常用的技巧之一。翻譯時(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)遇到某些詞在英語(yǔ)辭典上找不到適當(dāng)?shù)脑~義，如果任意硬套或逐詞死譯，就會(huì)使譯文生硬晦澀，不能確切表達(dá)原意，甚至?xí)斐烧`解。這時(shí)就應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系，從該詞的根本含義出發(fā)，進(jìn)一步加以引申，引申時(shí)，往往可以從三個(gè)方面來(lái)加以考慮。
1、詞義轉(zhuǎn)譯。當(dāng)我們遇到一些無(wú)法直譯或不宜直譯的詞或詞組時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系，引申轉(zhuǎn)譯。
The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat.太陽(yáng)能主要以光和熱的形式傳到地球。
2、詞義具體化。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，把原文中某些詞義較籠統(tǒng)的詞引申為詞義較具體的詞。
The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一級(jí)火箭升得更高，把“阿波羅號(hào)”送進(jìn)圍繞地球運(yùn)行的軌道。
3、詞義抽象化。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，把原文中某些詞義較具體的詞引申為詞義較抽象的詞，或把詞義較形象的詞引申為詞義較一般的詞。
Every life has its roses and thorns.每個(gè)人的生活都有甜有苦。
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