考研英語(yǔ)閱讀如何準(zhǔn)確定位答案
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀題量大，做題時(shí)間有限，讀完文章后我們需要快速的定位答案，必要的閱讀技巧是不可少的。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語(yǔ)閱讀定位答案的方法，歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀定位答案的技巧
▶1.首末段重點(diǎn)看
不論是任何的文章類型，都需要認(rèn)真去讀首段，末段其實(shí)是可以選擇性的去看的，前提是末段會(huì)不會(huì)設(shè)題目，或者說(shuō)當(dāng)最后一個(gè)題目出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候最后一段還沒(méi)有碰到過(guò)，那么很有可能這個(gè)題目的答案就在末段，這類型的題目以態(tài)度題居多。而首段要重點(diǎn)看，是不言而喻的。因?yàn)橹挥锌赐炅耸锥挝覀儾拍芟热霝橹鞯拇蟾帕私庀逻@篇文章想要告訴我們什么，或者想要引入什么主題。
▶2.首段中有轉(zhuǎn)折
如果有轉(zhuǎn)折，(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系無(wú)非體現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)折詞上，but, however, yet, though, while等等‘)轉(zhuǎn)折處多有考察。雖不能說(shuō)是絕對(duì)，但是我們應(yīng)該明白，思想的表達(dá)，觀點(diǎn)的陳述一旦出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，轉(zhuǎn)折之后就是重點(diǎn)。
▶3.長(zhǎng)難句要重點(diǎn)看
在每一篇文章中總是會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)讓大家非常頭疼的又長(zhǎng)又難，一眼望不到句號(hào)的句子。也許你的心里在想，這么難，一句不看不至于影響整篇文章吧。但是不得不告訴大家，對(duì)整篇的影響可能的確是不大，可是對(duì)于題目的影響會(huì)非常大。
經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴大家：有長(zhǎng)難句，就會(huì)有考題哦。所以平日練就的長(zhǎng)難句分析能力就趕緊派上用場(chǎng)了。但是在長(zhǎng)難句的分析中，依舊是以主句為主。主句一般是剔除掉修飾之后的成分。比如從句，非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，甚至是形容詞，副詞結(jié)構(gòu)。主句真正體現(xiàn)主要意思。那么從屬成分就是可以選擇略讀的成分。
▶4.觀點(diǎn)處細(xì)看
每篇文章都有5個(gè)題目，而在5個(gè)題目中可以不夸張的說(shuō)一定要三個(gè)題目是要涉及人物觀點(diǎn)的。那么大家在回到原文的時(shí)候一定是重點(diǎn)細(xì)看觀點(diǎn)處。前提是什么地方就是觀點(diǎn)的體現(xiàn)。簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)就是有思想的，而非客觀描述的事實(shí)。還需注意的是：作者觀點(diǎn)在文章中一把比較隱蔽，那么沒(méi)有人物提到，但很明確是個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的體現(xiàn)，就一定是作者的觀點(diǎn)。
那么對(duì)于文中人物觀點(diǎn)的話，有一些關(guān)鍵詞：sb argue/ believe/ think/ claim/ deem 等等之后的內(nèi)容就是觀點(diǎn)句。還有直接引用也屬于觀點(diǎn)句。與觀點(diǎn)不相關(guān)的種種都可以省略看。在閱讀文章中最明顯的就是，提及到人物的職位，頭銜，成就等等。
▶5.舉例和例子
閱讀中有一類典型的題目叫做例證題。例證題指的是例子證明觀點(diǎn)。這在文章的行文中是最常用的手段用來(lái)證明作者或者是文中人物想要陳述的或則想要反駁的觀點(diǎn)的。既然是議論文的一種重要的寫作手段，也必定成為出題人比較青睞的考察點(diǎn)。
只要記住例子的出現(xiàn)就是為了觀點(diǎn)的證明。并且這種題目十有八九都是讓大家找到那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，只不過(guò)根據(jù)例子的范圍不同，它要證明的觀點(diǎn)也有不同的說(shuō)法。如果例子在開頭，則為了引出下文。如果例子出現(xiàn)在段中則為了證明細(xì)節(jié)觀點(diǎn)，但是如果例子是整段甚者好幾段，那么只有一種情況，是為了證明全文中心的。
最后，看文章離不了中心，做題目更離不開中心意思。而文中頻頻出現(xiàn)的詞和意思就是本文的中心。
考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)作文的技巧
▶1. 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
“英文多被動(dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)”，還需要警惕名詞與動(dòng)詞之間暗含的“主被動(dòng)”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說(shuō)/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
▶2. 簡(jiǎn)單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
A. 主語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語(yǔ);that從句為真正主語(yǔ))
B.賓語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語(yǔ)從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語(yǔ)句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語(yǔ)
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語(yǔ)從句：
步驟：1)先寫出正確簡(jiǎn)單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
▶3. it 句式
A. 形式主語(yǔ) it is +被動(dòng)/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語(yǔ)
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
▶4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫出正確的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個(gè)成分。
b. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分(除謂語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時(shí)調(diào)整順序。
【強(qiáng)調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)句子無(wú)冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
▶5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語(yǔ)位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
▶6.雙重否定：
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
▶7. Ving/ved 狀語(yǔ)
A. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且主語(yǔ)一致，將次要?jiǎng)幼鲗懗蓈-ing或v-ed形式做狀語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)寫成v-ing形式、為被動(dòng)關(guān)系是寫成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作寫成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
▶8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用文寫作，通過(guò)模板句型，經(jīng)典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，因?yàn)?ldquo;言簡(jiǎn)意賅”就是它的特點(diǎn)。而大作文對(duì)于語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上的要求要高幾個(gè)level，只是模式化的文字已經(jīng)不足以打動(dòng)考官，需要在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新，讓考官看的跌宕起伏，還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關(guān)鍵所在。
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯提高得分率的方法
▶一、略讀全文
在翻譯過(guò)程中，理解是表達(dá)的前提，不能正確理解就談不上正確表達(dá)。因此，首先要略讀全文，從整體上把握整篇文章的內(nèi)容，并理解劃線部分與文章其他部分之間的語(yǔ)法與邏輯關(guān)系。
▶二、分析劃線部分
在整體理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，還要重點(diǎn)分析劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。
首先，劃線部分一般來(lái)說(shuō)句子結(jié)構(gòu)都比較復(fù)雜，如果搞不清楚它的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，是很難做出正確的翻譯的。在分析劃線部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要注意分清哪是主句，哪是從句;哪是句子的主干，哪是枝葉。
其次，要理解劃線部分的意義。不僅要弄清句子表面的意義，還要理解句子在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的意義。還要特別注意句子中的代詞和所指代的意義。
另外，還要特別注意句子中包含的短語(yǔ)和固定結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)檫@往往是考點(diǎn)。
▶三、翻譯
正確理解原文后，接下來(lái)就是翻譯。翻譯時(shí)，關(guān)鍵是綜合運(yùn)用各種翻譯方法將英文的原意忠實(shí)地表達(dá)出來(lái)。
關(guān)于翻譯，有直譯和意譯兩種方法，只是我們很多人都沒(méi)有理解直譯和意譯的區(qū)別，從我們上面所談的英漢區(qū)別可知，不可能存在絕對(duì)的直譯，因?yàn)楫吘箖煞N語(yǔ)言相差太大，任何直譯都是經(jīng)過(guò)一定變通之后的直譯，但有的人以為這便是意譯，其實(shí)這是錯(cuò)誤的，意譯一般在文學(xué)翻譯中才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。
而研究生英語(yǔ)翻譯中，其實(shí)只有可能是直譯，不可能是意譯。要做好翻譯，關(guān)鍵是要有正確的翻譯意識(shí)，前面所說(shuō)的翻譯技巧可以是必須用的，幾乎每句的翻譯都要綜合的運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧。把握了這一點(diǎn)，也就具有了做好英語(yǔ)翻譯題的前提。主要有如下翻譯技巧。
▶1.分譯法。翻譯部分的句子，大多為復(fù)雜從句，而漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有與之一一對(duì)應(yīng)的從句，因此，要翻譯出來(lái)讓別人能看懂，就必須將其拆開，分譯成各個(gè)單句。
▶2.轉(zhuǎn)譯法。很多被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如果機(jī)械的翻成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可能會(huì)讓人看了覺(jué)得別扭，因此需要轉(zhuǎn)為主動(dòng)態(tài)。此外，還有否定轉(zhuǎn)譯等各種情況。
▶3.添減詞法。由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的差異，在英文看上去比較正常的句子，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不或增或減一些詞可能無(wú)法把英文的原意表達(dá)出來(lái)，這樣就需要適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用添減詞法。
▶4.單復(fù)數(shù)譯法。單復(fù)數(shù)要譯出。如"birdsinthetree"可譯為"樹上的`鳥兒們"。
▶5.時(shí)態(tài)的譯法。英語(yǔ)中有專門表示時(shí)態(tài)的句子成分，而漢語(yǔ)則沒(méi)有，因此，為準(zhǔn)確地翻譯出英語(yǔ)的意思，有時(shí)必須加一些表時(shí)間的副詞，如"著，了，在"等。
▶6.代詞的譯法。代詞一般需要轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞，即把其所指代的意義譯出。
▶7.人名地名的譯法，知道的可以譯出來(lái)，不知道就保持原文。
▶四、校核
校核主要有三個(gè)方面：一是檢查譯文是否忠實(shí)于原文。通過(guò)把譯文和原文對(duì)照比較往往能發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題;二是檢查譯文本身是否通順或表達(dá)清楚。把譯文通讀一遍，如果覺(jué)得讀起來(lái)很別扭或者有歧義，那很有可能是翻譯不通或表達(dá)不清楚，適當(dāng)增減詞或調(diào)整語(yǔ)序通常能解決這一問(wèn)題;三是檢查譯文是否有筆誤，是否有漏洞，是否有代詞未轉(zhuǎn)譯，時(shí)態(tài)是否譯出，數(shù)字、日期是否譯錯(cuò)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否用錯(cuò)等。
▶五、英語(yǔ)翻譯策略：
▶1.要有意識(shí)地進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)句，復(fù)雜句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析的訓(xùn)練。善于在復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)中找出主體結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，并以此作為句子理解和翻譯的起點(diǎn)。
▶2.善于積累詞匯。特別要注意一詞多義，常見(jiàn)詞一般具有多義性，翻譯時(shí)要根據(jù)搭配和上下文確定意義，如develop除了"發(fā)展"的意思外，還有"形成"的意思。同時(shí)要注意一詞多性，特別是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞三種詞性的互換，平時(shí)要有意識(shí)地做一些"名詞動(dòng)譯"、"動(dòng)詞名譯"等方面的訓(xùn)練。
▶3.注意詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配。特別注意動(dòng)詞+介詞、動(dòng)詞+副詞的搭配，因?yàn)榇祟惔钆涑３０橛性~義的改變。
▶4.注意同義詞、近義詞、形近詞的區(qū)分和辨析。這是提高英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力的必由之路。
▶5.學(xué)習(xí)并掌握基本的翻譯技巧。
此外，大部分考生做題時(shí)還存在一個(gè)情況：一邊讀句子，一邊思考每一個(gè)單詞分別是什么漢語(yǔ)意思，在沒(méi)有完整理解英語(yǔ)句子的情況下，就直接做了"字字對(duì)等"的翻譯，或者在讀完之后，并沒(méi)有理解句子，就馬上在自己積累的詞匯中找與看到的英語(yǔ)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)，只要碰到不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞就束手無(wú)策。這樣的譯文，不僅扭曲了英語(yǔ)原文的意思，漢語(yǔ)句子本身也晦澀難懂。所以，提醒考生切勿陷入這種翻譯誤區(qū)，要按照上面的策略來(lái)準(zhǔn)備和復(fù)習(xí)翻譯試題。
總之，在備考英語(yǔ)翻譯的過(guò)程中，考生在不斷積累知識(shí)的同時(shí)，還要不斷總結(jié)思路和方法，逐漸掌握一套屬于自己的答題策略。
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