考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)常見代詞的分類
考研英語(yǔ)不論是英語(yǔ)一還是英語(yǔ)二都有五大題型，在五大題型中雖然沒有一道題目是專門考察代詞的，但是代詞的用法確是每道題考生們都要了解的。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)常見代詞分別，歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。
考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)常見代詞的類型
1.人稱代詞
英語(yǔ)人稱代詞是指直接指代人或者事物的代詞。在英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中都有三種人稱代詞，即：第一人稱(I; us)，第二人稱(you)，第三人稱(he;she;it;they;them)，分為主格和賓格兩種形式。主格用來(lái)做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，賓格用來(lái)作及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
2. 物主代詞
英語(yǔ)中的物主代詞是說明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞，分為形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞。其中形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語(yǔ)，后接名詞。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系，在句子中往往獨(dú)立地作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者標(biāo)語(yǔ)，后不接名詞。在考研英語(yǔ)中�？嫉男稳菰~性物主代詞有the former;the latter;such等。
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞，顧名思義，就是表示只是概念的代詞，用來(lái)指示或標(biāo)識(shí)人或事物的代詞。可以用來(lái)表示“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等等。指示代詞既可以單獨(dú)使用做句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或標(biāo)語(yǔ)，也可以作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞。英文中的指示代詞有this、these、that、those、it等。
4. 不定代詞
不定代詞即不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。如some、many、none、few、little、a few、a little、much、any、one、another、the other、others等等。還有一些復(fù)合不定代詞，如something、anything、anyone、anybody、everything、nobody和nothing等。
在考研英語(yǔ)中，重點(diǎn)考察的是第三人稱代詞(third person)、形容詞性物主代詞。如果考生們?cè)谖恼禄蝾}目中遇到了這些代詞，要有意識(shí)的將其還原為其所指代的.內(nèi)容，這樣更方便大家理解重要信息。一般情況下，代詞都是承前指代，那么代詞的還原考生們可以直接去代詞所在前面一句話找離它最近的名詞或名詞詞組就可以了，但是要注意單復(fù)數(shù)的問題。如果是出現(xiàn)在從句中的指代，要去主句找其所指代的內(nèi)容。
考研英語(yǔ)備考的問題
一、關(guān)于復(fù)習(xí)材料的選擇：
很多同學(xué)非常關(guān)注備考英語(yǔ)都需要哪些復(fù)習(xí)材料，簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說必備的材料包括：詞匯書或APP、考研英語(yǔ)歷年試卷(1996—2016)、長(zhǎng)難句翻譯和寫作。至于具體應(yīng)該選擇哪一種復(fù)習(xí)材料，我十分建議大家自己去親自看一看，因?yàn)槊總�(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣不同，大多數(shù)人選擇的參考書未必適合你，譬如有的人喜歡順序排列的詞匯書，有的人則喜歡亂序的;基礎(chǔ)較好的同學(xué)可能覺得自己不需要帶有閱讀翻譯的真題解析，但基礎(chǔ)薄弱的卻必須要有。因此，我希望大家自己去感受一下在進(jìn)行選擇，這樣在避免走彎路的同時(shí)也會(huì)更有收獲，畢竟適合你的才是最好的。
二、關(guān)于背單詞的方法：
很多同學(xué)問我：?jiǎn)卧~總是背不下來(lái)怎么辦?背過以后總是忘怎么辦?背了幾遍考研單詞做題還是沒有效果怎么辦?首先學(xué)姐需要告訴大家，這種感受是背單詞過程中的一種常態(tài)，不論你基礎(chǔ)好壞，沒有一個(gè)人會(huì)說“我覺得背單詞好容易噢，每次看一眼就記住了怎么忘都忘不掉呢”，畢竟單詞是無(wú)限的，人的記憶也是會(huì)反復(fù)的，所以大家首先要有一個(gè)好的心態(tài)：遺忘一些單詞是正常的，不要因遺忘陷入懊惱之中。在此基礎(chǔ)上，記憶的秘訣就在于反復(fù)，所以我建議大家每天背一定量的單詞，將不知道確切含義的詞做筆記，每隔三天進(jìn)行自測(cè)，篩出仍未記住的詞;每隔七天將生詞再次自測(cè)，再篩出未記住的詞，這樣你就可以將總是記不住的詞匯鎖定，再想辦法通過詞綴詞根、或其他記憶方法反復(fù)記憶，只要堅(jiān)持就會(huì)得到提升。
另外，考研詞匯范圍是5500左右，高頻詞匯是3300左右，如果大家覺得記憶太多實(shí)在有困難，可以優(yōu)先選擇背誦高頻詞匯噢~
三、提升閱讀能力是否需要看外刊?
看外刊是培養(yǎng)閱讀能力的一種方式，但是考研英語(yǔ)閱讀是與做題直接掛鉤的，因此相對(duì)而言更具針對(duì)性。所以建議大家還是先以真題為主，做到能夠通過對(duì)閱讀文本的翻譯了解文章的謀篇布局，嘗試做對(duì)題，把這套工作做扎實(shí)以后再考慮閱讀其他刊物。雖然優(yōu)秀的外刊文章很多，但畢竟不能代替真題。
四、閱讀理解大致都會(huì)翻譯，卻做不對(duì)題怎么辦?
翻譯雖然是做閱讀理解的一項(xiàng)必要能力和過程，但閱讀理解的成效最終體現(xiàn)在做題上，因此，要關(guān)注所翻譯的部分是否與解題有所聯(lián)系，要建立起文本與題目之間的聯(lián)系，通過定位原文有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行翻譯，并且與各個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。要知道，很多人不需要翻譯全部?jī)?nèi)容就可以做對(duì)題，這是考研ers要努力的方向。
五、閱讀理解需要準(zhǔn)備哪些復(fù)習(xí)材料?
建議根據(jù)自己基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行選擇，如果覺得基礎(chǔ)比較好，那么只需要真題和簡(jiǎn)單的答案解析就可以啦。如果覺得基礎(chǔ)薄弱，那么一定要選擇帶有閱讀翻譯的答案解析哦!
六、閱讀理解的一般步驟是什么?
1.先以正常速度閱讀一遍文章，標(biāo)注每段主旨句和其他關(guān)鍵信息;
2.審題(包括題目和選項(xiàng))，標(biāo)注題目中的關(guān)鍵信息，例如人名、地名、否定詞等等，便于定位;
3.定位到原文，可根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位或自然定位;
4.關(guān)鍵句的理解和翻譯;
5.與答案作對(duì)比，根據(jù)確切依據(jù)選出正確答案。
七、閱讀理解的做題時(shí)間如何把握?
考研英語(yǔ)總共是三個(gè)小時(shí)，在做閱讀理解時(shí)，一開始還是要以做對(duì)題為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，不必太在意時(shí)間，隨著對(duì)文章布局的熟悉和解題技巧的嫻熟，速度自然會(huì)加快，最后全部閱讀理解控制在一個(gè)半小時(shí)左右即可。當(dāng)然，這也要根據(jù)每個(gè)人的特點(diǎn)，如果對(duì)寫作比較生疏，那么要相對(duì)加快閱讀理解的做題速度。
八、寫作要注意哪些要點(diǎn)呢?
1.認(rèn)真審題最重要，格式要符合要求;
2.按照模板框架來(lái)組織結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)容上要一一回應(yīng)到題目的要求;
3.使用那些你能夠駕馭的詞匯、詞組和句式，語(yǔ)言的流暢比復(fù)雜程度更重要;
4.書寫時(shí)使用45度傾斜且圓潤(rùn)的字體，有助于增加印象分。
九、暑期復(fù)習(xí)該如何安排?
1.日常作息以規(guī)律、健康為主，具體時(shí)間可自行調(diào)整;
2.復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容的規(guī)劃每天不需太多，但一定要堅(jiān)持把當(dāng)天任務(wù)完成;
3.盡量按照任務(wù)目標(biāo)而非學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間來(lái)衡量學(xué)習(xí)成果;
4.每日學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間控制在5—8小時(shí)即可，不要過于緊張和疲憊;
5.適度運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂，勞逸結(jié)合。
十、復(fù)習(xí)不下去覺得很煩躁怎么辦?
可以中途休息或娛樂一下，但要盡量把手頭的任務(wù)做完再休息，同時(shí)要控制休息和娛樂的時(shí)間，確保每天能夠完成當(dāng)日的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，而不是拖到明天后天。
考研英語(yǔ)高分寫作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
▶1. 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
“英文多被動(dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)”，還需要警惕名詞與動(dòng)詞之間暗含的“主被動(dòng)”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
▶2. 簡(jiǎn)單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
A. 主語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語(yǔ);that從句為真正主語(yǔ))
B.賓語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語(yǔ)從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語(yǔ)句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語(yǔ)
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語(yǔ)從句：
步驟：1)先寫出正確簡(jiǎn)單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
▶3. it 句式
A. 形式主語(yǔ) it is +被動(dòng)/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語(yǔ)
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
▶4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫出正確的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個(gè)成分。
b. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分(除謂語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時(shí)調(diào)整順序。
【強(qiáng)調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)句子無(wú)冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
▶5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問句語(yǔ)序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語(yǔ)位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
▶6.雙重否定：
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
▶7. Ving/ved 狀語(yǔ)
A. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且主語(yǔ)一致，將次要?jiǎng)幼鲗懗蓈-ing或v-ed形式做狀語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)寫成v-ing形式、為被動(dòng)關(guān)系是寫成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作寫成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
▶8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對(duì)生活的熱愛、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用文寫作，通過模板句型，經(jīng)典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，因?yàn)?ldquo;言簡(jiǎn)意賅”就是它的特點(diǎn)。而大作文對(duì)于語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上的要求要高幾個(gè)level，只是模式化的文字已經(jīng)不足以打動(dòng)考官，需要在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新，讓考官看的跌宕起伏，還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關(guān)鍵所在。
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