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雅思閱讀：NOT GIVEN的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析
對(duì)于雅思考試中的判斷題，很多同學(xué)都是一頭霧水，傻傻分不清楚，尤其是對(duì)于FALSE（錯(cuò)誤）和 NOT GIVEN（未提及）的這種題目，更是不知道如何判斷。下面給大家分享雅思閱讀：NOT GIVEN的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析，一起來(lái)看看吧！
我們來(lái)看看NOT GIVEN的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的前提之下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯文章沒(méi)有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。從表述中可以看出，被判斷的命題中，首先不能有錯(cuò)誤的成分存在，因?yàn)橹灰霈F(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)，那么該命題就是FALSE/NO了。只有在沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的情況下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)文章中沒(méi)有提到，那么該命題就可以被判斷為NOT GIVEN。而在考試中，有一種NOT GIVEN情況很好判斷，就是全文沒(méi)有找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，那么就可以直接下結(jié)論了。看看下面的例子：Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
6.
題干：Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.
原文：More girls(70%) than boys(60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats…more girls(13%) than boys(5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats.
分析：從原文的表達(dá)中可以找到題干的部分信息Girls are more likely than boys，但是后半部分信息在文章中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以該命題為NOT GIVEN。
8.
題干：A second study has been planned to investigate primary school children’s ideas about rainforests.
原文：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children…
分析：從題干和原文的表述中可以看出，二者并不存在對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，所以答案為NOT GIVEN。
Academic Test 2
Reading Passage 2
21.
題干：Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.
原文：Part of the incentive was financial, Dr. Laver said.The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.
分析：題干中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于中醫(yī)的工資比其他醫(yī)生要高，而原文只陳述了從事中醫(yī)這一行的人很多是商人，他們?yōu)榱四芰糇☆櫩�，也想提供同樣的服�?wù)，但并不能得出結(jié)論說(shuō)中醫(yī)就比其他醫(yī)生工資高的結(jié)論，二者表述不相關(guān)，答案為NOT GIVEN。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
10.
題干：In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.
原文：There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program……
分析：題干中提到家庭需要獲得財(cái)政資助，但是文章中只是談到說(shuō)能有父母或者監(jiān)護(hù)人的參與會(huì)有很多好處，并沒(méi)有提到說(shuō)家庭需要財(cái)政資助的問(wèn)題，二者并不相關(guān)，所以為NOT GIVEN。
從這些例子中可以看出，在判斷中，只要命題中沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤信息出現(xiàn)，而同時(shí)又有考點(diǎn)在文章中找不到匹配的信息，那么該命題的答案就是NOT GIVEN。
雅思閱讀：NOT GIVEN的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)例題
Reading Procedures 閱讀步驟：
Step 1: 在題目中劃出定位詞。
Step 2: 定位詞在文章中定位。
Step 3: 若定位詞在文章中無(wú)法定位，則看有無(wú)同義轉(zhuǎn)換，若無(wú)同義轉(zhuǎn)換，那么確定答案是Not Given。若在文章中可以定位題目中的定位詞，那就要看一下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)確定是Not Given：
1．題目中有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，在文章中出現(xiàn)此結(jié)構(gòu)，但是比較的對(duì)象不同
2．題目中用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)未來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)或者展望，而在文章中沒(méi)有提及
3．題目中有的相關(guān)修飾詞（即考點(diǎn)詞）在文章中沒(méi)有相關(guān)的同義詞的解釋對(duì)應(yīng)
4．在文章中出現(xiàn)過(guò)題目中的定位詞，但是通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性的比較，兩者是沒(méi)有關(guān)系的。
Example:
題目：The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves.
文章：No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. The athletes must choose his parents carefully.
5. 時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)信息不一致，導(dǎo)致主體信息無(wú)法判斷
Example:
題目：There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century.
文章：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects...
除了以上這些方面之外，還有一些內(nèi)容學(xué)要掌握以確定是否是Not Given。
�、�. 題目中有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，文章中無(wú)比較結(jié)構(gòu)則答案判斷為Not Given。
例一：
原文: And the future? It is anticipated that, in the years to come, leisure spending will account for between a third to a half of all household spending, whilst it is difficult to give exact figures, the leisure industry will certainly experience a long period of sustained growth.
題目: In future, people will pay less for the leisure facilities they use than they do today.
分析：
第一步：確定題目中的定位詞和考點(diǎn)詞（關(guān)鍵詞）。本題中的定位詞是leisure。另外，考點(diǎn)詞是pay和一個(gè)表示比較結(jié)構(gòu)less...than。
第二步：定位詞到原文中定位。Leisure在原文中出現(xiàn)了兩次。Pay這個(gè)詞在原文中出現(xiàn)了詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和同義轉(zhuǎn)換，成為了另外一個(gè)詞：spending。
第三步：原文中定位另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息：比較結(jié)構(gòu)。但是原文中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)此結(jié)構(gòu)因此確定答案是Not Given。
例二：
原文: Healthcare providers diagnose insomnia in several ways. One way is to categorize insomnia by how often it occurs. Another way is to identify the insomnia by what is causing the sleep deprivation. The two main types of insomnia have been described as Primary Insomnia and Secondary Insomnia. Primary Insomnia is a chronic condition with little apparent association with stress or a medical problem. The most common form of primary insomnia is psychophysiological insomnia. Secondary insomnia is caused by symptoms that accompany a medical condition such as anxiety, depression or pain.
題目: Secondary insomnia is far more common than Primary insomnia.
分析：
第一步：確定題目中的定位詞。定位詞是兩個(gè)專有名詞Secondary insomnia和Primary insomnia。而本題的關(guān)鍵詞則是far more common than的比較結(jié)構(gòu)。
第二步：定位詞到原文中定位。文章中兩次出現(xiàn)了以上兩個(gè)專有名詞。
第三步：原文中定位另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息：比較結(jié)構(gòu)。但是原文中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)此結(jié)構(gòu)因此確定答案是Not Given。
Ⅱ. 題目中有表示因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)方式，而原文中并沒(méi)有此表述或相似結(jié)構(gòu)，則答案判斷為Not Given。
例：
原文: Working hours are not expected to decrease, partly because the 24-hour society will need to be serviced; and secondly, because more people will be needed to keep the service/leisure industries running. In the coming decades, the pace of change will accelerate generating greater wealth at a faster rate than ever before. Surveys show that this is already happening in many parts of Europe. The south-east of England, for example, is now supposedly the richest area in the EEC. The "leisure pound" is one of the driving forces behind this surge.
題目：The 24-hour society will have a negative effect on peoples attitudes to work.
分析：
第一步：確定題目中的定位詞。本題是明顯的數(shù)字定位。24-hour society是明顯的定位詞。而本題中的關(guān)鍵詞或考點(diǎn)詞是表示結(jié)果的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)have a negative effect on。另外一個(gè)定位詞是attitudes to work。
第二步：定位詞到原文中定位。24-hour society出現(xiàn)在原文的第一句。但是原文中無(wú)法定位任何表示因果關(guān)系的詞組。而且通過(guò)瀏覽原文也無(wú)法搜索到有關(guān)peoples attitudes to work的信息。
因此，可以判斷本題的答案是Not Given。
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