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高一英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法資料
高一英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法資料1
1.prefer
Prefer doing…to doing…
Prefer to do rather than do
2.advantages/disadvantages優(yōu)勢(shì)/劣勢(shì)
2.Ever since middle school,my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.從高中起，我姐姐王維和我就一直夢(mèng)想做一次偉大的自行車旅行。
連詞since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過去時(shí)，介詞since與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用
It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。
3.persuade sb to do sth=persuade sb into doing sth說服某人做某事
4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的'任何句子成份。一般來說，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，用連詞that或who;如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，只能用連詞that。
not…until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句
5.be fond of喜歡，喜愛
6.Although盡管，雖然，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
�、� although從句多在句首，though從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though可以作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過”講，而although無此用法。
�、� as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，盡管)中不能用although。
�、� though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝(將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而although不可以。
7.insist on doing sth/sth.一定要、堅(jiān)持主張
She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly.
她老是一大早起來把收音機(jī)音量開大
11.care about關(guān)心在乎
care for喜歡，照料，照顧
12.change one’s mind改變主意
13.experience經(jīng)歷/經(jīng)驗(yàn)
14.Once可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)……就……”解，連接一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來。
Once you have begun you must continue.
15.give in讓步give up放棄
16.instead of代替，而不是
17.make up one’s mind to do下定決心做某事
18.a large parcel of一大包
19.as usual像往常一樣
20.put up our tent搭帳篷
21.stay awake睡不著，醒著stay up熬夜
22.for company做伴
23.lie beneath the stars躺在星空下
24.can hardly wait to do=can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事
25.go in the right direction走正確的方向
26.at a very slow pace.以很慢的速度
27.be similar to類似于
28.afford to do sth付得起，能承擔(dān)
29.be tired from因……而疲勞be tired of對(duì)……厭倦
30.be in high spirits喜氣洋洋，興高采烈
31.come true實(shí)現(xiàn)，成真
32.give sb some advice on doing...
33.a guide to………的指南
34.on a tour在游覽中，在巡演中
35.in detail詳細(xì)地
高一英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法資料2
時(shí)態(tài)講解
一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
[例句] He is reading a newspaper now.
2.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行)。
[例句] What are you doing these days?
3.表示說話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等,常與always, constantly, continually等副詞連用。
[例句] He is always thinking of others.
4.表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移動(dòng)”、“方向”的詞。
[例句] He is coming to see me next week.
二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
[例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.
2.動(dòng)詞go, come, leave, arrive, start等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常表過去將來時(shí)。
[例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.
三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
2.表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。
[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言,以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。
[例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4.在有連詞if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
四、一般將來時(shí)
1.表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
[例句] I don’t know what will happen in the future.
2.常用來表示將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)包括：
(1) shall / will +動(dòng)詞原形：(單純)表將來,一般不用于條件句。
(2) be going to +動(dòng)詞原形：(計(jì)劃)打算做……。
(3) be about to +動(dòng)詞原形：即將或正要去做某事,通常不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。
(4) be to +動(dòng)詞原形：預(yù)定要做……。
(5) be doing表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的動(dòng)詞連用。
五、一般過去時(shí)
1.表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
[例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.
2.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。
[例句] He said when she came he would tell her.
六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
[例句] —Have you had your supper yet? —Yes, I have just had it.
2.常與介詞for, during, in, within, over等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,表示過去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
[例句] I haven’t seen my English teacher for a long time.
3.表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與several times, once, twice, frequently等頻度副詞連用。
[例句] I have been to the USA several times.
4.表示從過去到現(xiàn)在沒有發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作。
[例句] I haven’t swept the floor for a week.
5.用在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成。
[例句] I’ll tell him after you have left.
6.在“級(jí)+名詞”或在“這是第幾次…”之后跟定語(yǔ)從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
[例句] ①This is the third time I have been there.
�、赥his is the best tea I have ever drunk.
七、過去完成時(shí)
1.表示在過去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2.有些動(dòng)詞(如：hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等)的過去完成時(shí)可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。
[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)注意事項(xiàng)
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
1.瞬間性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示將來的動(dòng)作。例句：
�、賂he film begins in a minute.
�、贛y uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
2.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。例句：
①Every time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.
�、贗f you do that, I shall be very pleased.
③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
3.一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I have.
—When did you finish it?
—I finished it last summer.
直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：
1.人稱的變化
2.時(shí)態(tài)的變化
3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化
4.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化
例句：
�、賆iao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”
→Xiao Yi said (that) he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.
�、贐ob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”
→Bob said (that) they would have a meeting there the next morning.
定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種情況：
只能用that的情況
1.先行詞是不定代詞。
例句：Please tell me everything that happened to you.
2.先行詞被形容詞級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only, last, same, very等修飾。
例句：①This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
�、赥his is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.
3.先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句：She talked about the writer and his works that interested her.
不能用that的情況
1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。
例句：He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.
2.先行詞本身是that。
例句：I have that which you gave me.
3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例句：The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行的比較：
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí);強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：
�、買 have been painting the paining. (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在畫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
②I have painted the painting. (強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫完了”這個(gè)結(jié)果)
2.有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如：have, love, see等。例句：
�、賁he has had a cold for a week.
�、赥hey have loved each other for three years.
�、跧 have seen this movie.
-ing形式：
1. having done
having done是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中-ing形式的`完成式,而doing則是其一般式,它們都與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只是doing與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生;having done則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。
[例句]
①Hearing the news, they got excited. (hear和get excited這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生)
�、贖aving arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. (arrive發(fā)生在take a rest之前)
2.動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也可接to do形式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義有所不同。
[例如]
�、� forget / remember / regret doing sth.表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;
forget / remember / regret to do sth.則表示該動(dòng)作未發(fā)生。
�、� mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”;
mean doing sth.表示“意味著做某事”。
�、� try to do sth.表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”;
try doing sth.表示“試著做某事”。
�、� stop to do sth.表示“停下來接著做另一件事”;
stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。
�、� go on to do sth.表示“(做完某事)接著做另一件事”;
go on doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”(= go on with sth.)。
⑥ can’t help to do sth.表示“不能幫助做某事”;
can’t help doing sth.表示“情不自禁地做某事”。
3. have/has been doing
have / has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)過程，動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行。而have / has done是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，該動(dòng)作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
[例句]
�、買 have written a book. (動(dòng)作結(jié)束)
�、贗 have been writing a book. (可能未寫完，側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫書)
高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)試題
一、單項(xiàng)填空
1. The headmaster called Tom to his office because he had been in the exam .
A. caught cheating B. caught to cheat
C. catching cheating D. catching to cheat
2. The time he for the trip is not suitable any of us .
A. made ; to B. fixed ; for C. gave ; with D. fixed ; to
3. —What do you think of what he did in class ?
—Why he did it was my imagination .
A. beyond B. through C. above D. over
4. My watch is nowhere to be found . I it when I was on the bus .
A. must drop B. can’t have dropped
C. have dropped D. must have dropped
5. —May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?
—I’m sorry . Mr. Williams to a party long before then .
A. will have gone B. had gone
C. should have gone D. has gone
26. Forty percent of the population of the U.S black.
A. is B. are C. am D. have
7. the party , we would never have today’s happiness .
A. But for B. Only if C. If only D. If
8. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
9. He accidentally he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks .
A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
10. —Go for a picnic this weekend , OK ?
— , I love getting close to nature .
A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not
C. I believe not D. I don’t think so
知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
1.because of因?yàn)椤?注意和because的區(qū)別)
2.even if(=even thoug)即使，用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
3.come up走上前來，走近，發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)come up with追上，趕上，提出
4.communicate with sb和某人交流
5.be different from…與……不同
be different in…在……方面不同
Most of my projects are different in performance.我多數(shù)作品的演奏風(fēng)格都不同。
6.be based on以……為基礎(chǔ)
7.at present目前，眼下for the present眼前;暫時(shí)
8.make(good/better/full)use of
9.the latter后者the former前者
10.a large number of大量的the number of…的數(shù)量
11.such as例如
12.hold on堅(jiān)持住，握住不放;(打電話時(shí))等—會(huì)
13.…you will hear the difference in the way(that/in which)people speak.
你會(huì)聽出人們?cè)谡f話時(shí)的差異。
14.play a role/part(in)在…中擔(dān)任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色
15.the same…as…與……一樣
16.at the top of…在…頂上
at the bottom of在……底部
17.bring up教養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育;提出
18.request sb(not)to do sth.要求某人做/不要做某事
19.be satisfied with…對(duì)……感到滿意，滿足于
20.suggest v.(request，insist…)
I suggested you do what he says.我建議你按照他說的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow.我想你明天還是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health.他蒼白的臉色暗示了他身體不好。
注意：insist意思為“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)后面的that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;如果insist意為“強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的時(shí)候，從句可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她沒撒謊。
21.according to…按照…根據(jù)…
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