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定語從句解題方法
定語從句是英語學(xué)習(xí)不能回避的語法,學(xué)會它,英語寫作水平提升一個等級下面是小編為大家整理的定語從句解題方法，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
一、選準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞
在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，如果該從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語或定語，就要用關(guān)系代詞來連接從句;如果從句中缺少狀語，就得用關(guān)系副詞來連接從句。例如：
(1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.
(2) I still remember the days when we worked together.
二、了解僅用that 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的幾種情況
that 在限制性定語從句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情況下，只能用that 來引導(dǎo)定語從句：
1. 先行詞是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代詞時。例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy?
2. 先行詞被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等詞修飾或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定詞修飾時。例如：
These are all the pictures that I have seen.
This is the very dictionary that is of great help.
3. 先行詞既指人又指物時。例如：
My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.
4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。例如：
Our school is not the one that it used to be.
5. 先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。例如：
This is the best English film that I have ever seen.
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.
6. 主句是who 或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句時。例如：
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
三、把握“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用
介詞的選擇與主句中先行詞的搭配密切相關(guān)。例如：
Thats the reason for which he was late for school.
This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.
注意：
1. 定語從句中謂語動詞是含有介詞的動詞短語時，介詞應(yīng)放在動詞之后，不能拆開放在關(guān)系代詞前。例如：
This is the key which you are looking for.
This is the baby whom you will look after.
2. 該結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，指物時用which.
四、弄清as 和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指代整體時的區(qū)別
1、位置上的區(qū)別：
as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，還可插在主句的中間;而which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：
As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.
The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.
The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.
The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.
2、詞義與聯(lián)系上的區(qū)別：
as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間有著較為密切的上下文聯(lián)系，as 本身含有“正如”之意;而which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間在邏輯意義上近似并列句，which 本身表示“這”或“這一點”之意。例如：
Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.
Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.
五、注意定語從句的主謂一致性
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例如：
Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.
Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.
六、保持主句的完整性并避免從句成分的重疊
1. 在定語從句中，不管出現(xiàn)任何情況，主句的結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整，即主句必須有主語和謂語，缺一不可，否則，整個主從復(fù)合句就無法成立。試比較：
(1)Is this factory _______ we visited last week?
(2)Is this the factory _______ we visited last week?
A. which B. where C. what D. the one
分析：
第一題缺少表語，只有填D項才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的選項均為干擾項。
第二題主句本身完整，應(yīng)填的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作visited 的賓語，故應(yīng)選A項。
2. 從定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞已經(jīng)代替先行詞獨立地或與相應(yīng)的介詞一起在定語從句中充當(dāng)了一定的成分，因此在定語從句中就不能再出現(xiàn)與關(guān)系代(副)詞重疊的成分。例如：
錯句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?
分析：該題中that 已經(jīng)代替先行詞the train 在定語從句中充當(dāng)及物動詞took 的賓語，故重疊出現(xiàn)的賓語it必須刪去。
初中定語從句解題技巧
一、定語從句的概念和用法
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。
如：A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飛機是一種會飛的機器。
The boy who/that broke the window is called Mike.打破窗戶的那個男孩叫邁克。
The man （whom/who/that） I met in the street is my teacher.我在街上見到的那個人是我的老師。
I will never forget the day when （on which） I joined the League.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。
This is the house where （in which） he lived ten years ago.這就是十年前他住過的房子。
I know the reason why （for which） she missed the train. 我知道她沒趕上火車的原因。
上面六句中的machine，boy，man，day，house和reason是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫作“先行詞”。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等和關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。為了更清楚地了解定語從句，現(xiàn)分別將關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中所起的作用列表如下：
近幾年中考英語主要考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，尤其是關(guān)系代詞所占的比重較大，主要以單項選擇題的形式出現(xiàn)。下面舉幾個例子幫助同學(xué)們鞏固一下定語從句先行詞的用法。
例1：It’s time to say good bye to my school.I’ll always remember the people____________have helped me.
A. who B. what C. which D. where
解析：先行詞指人，做主語，選A。
例2：This is the novel____________is written by Guo Jingming.
A. who B. what C. that D. /
解析：先行詞指物，做主語，選C。
例3：The shirt____________John bought me fits me very well.
A. which B. what C. as D. whose
解析：先行詞指物，做賓語，可省略，選A。
例4：That’s the man____________house was destroyed in the storm.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
解析：先行詞指人，做定語，選B。
例5：Ten months has passed，but Chinese people still remember those exciting days____________they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.
A. that B. who C. when
解析：先行詞指時間，做賓語，可省略，選A。
二、定語從句的主謂一致
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時，不能省略，從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。注意當(dāng)“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前做先行詞時，從句的謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例6：This is one of the books which____________written by Lu Xun.
A. am B. is C. was D. were
解析：該題的先行詞為books，故答案應(yīng)為D。本句的意思為“這是魯迅所寫的書中的一本”。但當(dāng)one前有the （only），the （very）等修飾時，從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。
如：She is the only one of the girls who has learned French. 她是這些女孩中唯一一個學(xué)習(xí)法語的。
三、只能用that引導(dǎo)的情況
在下列情況下只能用that引導(dǎo)，不能用who或which引導(dǎo)：
1.當(dāng)先行詞是all，none，one，any，few，little，much，everything，nothing，anything等不定代詞時
例7：Is there anything____________I can do for you？
A. what B. which C. that D. this
解析：句意為“有什么我可以為你做的嗎？”故答案為C。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時
例8：This is the first place____________we visited last year.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
解析：句意為“這就是去年我們首先參觀的地方”。故答案為B。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
例9：This is the best film____________I’ve ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
解析：句意為“這是我看過的最好的一部電影”。故答案為A。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very，the only，the last，any，every修飾時
例10：This is the very book____________I am looking for.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
解析：句意為“這正是我在尋找的那本書”。故答案為D。
5. 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時
例11： They talked about things and persons____________they remembered at school.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
解析：句意為“他們談到他們記得的在學(xué)校時的人和事”。故答案為B。
6. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who，what，which時
例12：Who is the man____________is working there？
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
解析：句意為“在那兒工作的人是誰？”故答案為A。
四、只能用which不能用that引導(dǎo)的情況
1. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾某物或整個句子時
例13：He takes a walk every day，____________is good for his health.
A. when B. it C. which D. that
解析：句意為“他每天散步，這對他的健康有好處”。故答案為C。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞在從句中做介詞的賓語且介詞前置時
例14：The hotel at____________we stayed was very small.
A. where B. what C. that D. which
解析：句意為“我們住的旅店很小”。故答案為D。
定語從句例句
定語從句例句一
1) I went to visit the American author who wrote a number of books about China.
2) I ate the soup my aunt prepared.
3) I have an arrangement with my bank, by which they let me use their money and repay them next month.
4) He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
5) Mr. Brown, who just came from Britain yesterday, will teach us accounting this term.
6) She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan, where she has some relatives.
7) The United States is known for its supermarkets, where huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold.
8) The story happened in late 19th century, when China is suffering from the invasion of western powers.
定語從句例句二
1.who指人，在從句中做主語
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，�？墒÷�。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)
4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時，相當(dāng)于which。
在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
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