定語從句難點(diǎn)分析
定語從句一個(gè)重要語法內(nèi)容,我們來看看應(yīng)該怎么學(xué)習(xí)!
定語從句難點(diǎn)分析
首先要理解定語從句的概念——修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句?磦(gè)例子:she is the girl (whom) I met at the party.
從定義我們得出
1) 從句是跟在名詞或代詞之后的,并起修飾作用。
2)從句部分須缺成分,所缺的成分由先行詞充當(dāng)。分析先行詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥泶_定用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。
例句中先行詞返回從句應(yīng)為:I metthe girlat the party.
The girl在從句中作賓語,因此用關(guān)系代詞whom或省略。
咱們在來分析一個(gè)句子:I will never forget the day ____ I went to university
先行詞the day返回從句應(yīng)為:I went to universityon the day.The day在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,因此用when或on which.
再來看一下幾種定語從句中的稍難現(xiàn)象。
1.關(guān)系代詞前有時(shí)會出現(xiàn)加介詞的情況,如何選擇介詞?
e.g: The man ____ she is married is an engineer.
和她結(jié)婚的那個(gè)人是個(gè)工程師。
把先行詞the man返回從句為:she is married to the man.
和某人結(jié)婚的.固定搭配為:be married to sb因此介詞to不能丟。
先行詞為人,用介詞+whom.先行詞為物,用介詞+which
答案為:to whom
再看幾組:
①This is the book _____ I spent five yuan.
、赥his is the book______I paid five yuan.
③This is the book_____I learnt a lot.
完整的從句分別為:I spent five yuanonthe book
I paid five yuanforthe book
I learnt a lotfromthe book
答案為:①on which②for which③from which
由此我們可以看出正確的介詞是根據(jù)從句所要表達(dá)的意思和它的固定搭配選擇的。
2.As的用法
1) As用于限定性定語從句時(shí),只用在such ,the same的后面。請看例句:
a.Hewill repeat such points as are discussed in the book.
b.Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.
c.He is not the same playboy as we knew.
2) As引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句指代整個(gè)句子可位于句首,而which只能位于句末。
e.g: a. As is known to all, the earth is round.
b.The earth is round, which/as is known to all.
這里區(qū)別開三個(gè)?季涫剑
、Itis known to allthatthe earth is round.主語從句
、Asis known to all,the earth is round定語從句
、Whatis known to allis thatthe earth is round主語從句表語從句
3.定語從句中出現(xiàn)插入語(sb thinksb knowsb believesb suppose)
時(shí),這類插入語不計(jì)入成分。
e.g:He is the boy____ you think is mary′s brother.
A whoB whomC /D whose
先行詞為the boy ,you think作為插入語不計(jì)入成分,那么the boy就作為從句的主語。答案為A.在做此類含插入語的定語從句是,可直接將插入語刪掉,在看先行詞在從句中作甚么成分以確定關(guān)系詞。
4.以疑問句開始的定語從句需把疑問句先變成陳述句以確定先行詞。
e.g:①Is this the factory____ your father works.
A thatBwhereCon whichD that one
、贗s this factory_____ we visited last year.
A whereBin whichCthe oneD at which
第一句變成陳述句為:This is the factory____ your father works.
先行詞為the factory,返回從句中應(yīng)為:your father works in the factory
因此the factory作了從句的地點(diǎn)狀語,選B.
第二句變?yōu)殛愂鼍錇椋簍his factory is____ _____ we visited last year.
主句缺表語,也就是說從句缺先行詞。在先行詞之后還需關(guān)系詞。那么,這個(gè)題需要先補(bǔ)充先行詞再確定關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)句意:這個(gè)工廠就是去年我們參觀過的工廠。先行詞應(yīng)為the factory.為了避免重復(fù),我們用the one代替。先行詞返回從句應(yīng)在visited之后作賓語。這樣,關(guān)系詞可用which/that或不填。答案為C.因此,做此類題時(shí)應(yīng)先把一般疑問句變?yōu)殛愂鼍湟源_定先行詞再做。
5.That引起的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。
來看兩個(gè)例子:①The news ______ he told us was very exicting.
、贖e has brought us the news ____ our team has won the game.
AwhatB asC thatD where
這兩個(gè)從句前都為名詞,有別于主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和狀語從句。
有必要進(jìn)行比較。第一句的從句缺成分,完整從句為:he told us the news.
需要the news作從句的賓語,因此,第一句為定語從句,答案為which/that
或不填。第二句中從句不需要the news充當(dāng)成分,從句完整并且是對the news
的解釋說明,因而此句為同位語從句。只能由that連接。這兩題都選that,
但在第一句中它有指代作用且可以省略。而在第二句中that只起連接作用
不能省略。
6.定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別。
并列句有and, so, but等并列連詞連接或兩個(gè)句子用分號連接,這時(shí)就不能用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。
e.g:①M(fèi)rLi has three daughters, None of____is an engineer.
、贛r Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.
、跰r Li has three daughters;______ are doctors.
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,①小題是定語從句,故用whom ;②小題有but,是并列句,故填代詞them;③小題是兩個(gè)并列分句,無需連接詞,缺主語,故用none或they.
7.區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句和定語從句
若是定語從句,則where前必有被修飾的表示地點(diǎn)的名詞;若where前沒有名詞則視為地點(diǎn)狀語從句。請比較:
、賧ou had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
定語從句
、趛ou had better make a mark where you have any questions.
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
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