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高考定語從句難題

時(shí)間:2021-07-05 19:59:56 英語 我要投稿

高考定語從句難題

  導(dǎo)語:限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。下面是小編給大家整理的高考定語從句難題的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能給你帶來幫助!

高考定語從句難題

  (一)定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)

  1、關(guān)系代詞:who, whom, whose, which, that, as

  2、關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why

  關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用, 同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。

  e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)

  The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語)

  3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who 作主語,whom作賓語;2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which ,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that ,可作主語或賓語;4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,where(指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。

  (二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

  1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。

  e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)

  2、非限制性定語從句:從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。

  (三)高考定語從句難題

  考點(diǎn)一 考查關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1. A person ________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)

  A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever

  【解析】C。在所給的四個(gè)關(guān)系代詞中,只有whose能用于名詞用作定語,故選C。又如:A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books. 書商就是其職業(yè)是賣書的人。

  2. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)

  A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom

  【解析】B。their是物主代詞,不是關(guān)系代詞,不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,所以不能選;在其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有whose能用于名詞用作定語,故選B。句意為:許多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了,他們在家鄉(xiāng)被照顧得很好。

  3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (湖南卷)

  A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

  【解析】D。在所給定的四個(gè)關(guān)系代詞中,只有which和whose能用于名詞用作定語,故可排除B和C。而關(guān)系代詞which和whose用于名詞前作定語的區(qū)別是:which具有that或this的語義特征,而whose則具有one’s的語義特征。

  考點(diǎn)二 考查關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1. They’ve won their last three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising. (遼寧卷)

  A. that B. when C. what D. which

  【解析】D。that不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故被排除;when可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,但只用于指時(shí)間,與句意不符,故也被排除;而what不是關(guān)系代詞,不能用于引導(dǎo)定語從句,故也被排除;which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞find的賓語。句意為:他們贏了最后三場比賽,我發(fā)現(xiàn)這有點(diǎn)令人吃驚。

  2. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. (全國Ⅱ)

  A. which B. that C. where D. it

  【解析】A。由于兩個(gè)句子之間沒有并列連詞,所以不能選B或D;而where是關(guān)系副詞,不能用作主語;which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,并在從句中用作主語。又如:Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快,這是很危險(xiǎn)的。

  3. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山東卷)

  A. who B. which C. when D. that

  【解析】B。that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故可排除;when是關(guān)系副詞,不用作主語,故也可排除;who用于指人,但這里的`定語從句不是修飾her,而是修飾whenever I met her,故不能用who,此處應(yīng)用which。又如:He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他說他從沒見到過她,這是不真實(shí)的。

  考點(diǎn)三 查關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (上海卷)

  A. where B. when C. there D. which

  【解析】A。由于定語從句he composed “The Magic Flute”的主語和賓語是完整的,所以不能選D;when指時(shí)間,不用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞the house,故也不能選;而there不是關(guān)系詞,不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。

  2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)

  A. that B. when C. which D. where

  【解析】D。由于定語從句they can see themselves differently的主語和賓語是完整的,所以不能選A和C;when指時(shí)間,不用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞a situation,故也不能選。

  3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (重慶卷)

  A. why B. what C. that D. where

  【解析】D。由于定語從句we compete with others to go beyond ourselves的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的,不缺主語或賓語,所以不能選C;why引導(dǎo)定語從句,其先行詞只能是the reason,而不用于其他場合,故不能選;what不是關(guān)系詞,不能用于引導(dǎo)定語從句,故也可排除;where在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾名詞race,相當(dāng)于in which。句意為:人生就像一場長途賽跑,在賽跑中我們?yōu)榱顺阶晕叶c別人競爭。

  4. I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (浙江卷)

  A. which B. where C. how D. why

  【解析】B。定語從句修飾的先行詞是a point,不是my life。point在此相當(dāng)于一個(gè)抽象的地點(diǎn),所以要用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。又如:We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我們到了必須改一改的地步。She had got to the point where she felt that she could not take any more. 她到了她覺得自己再也不能忍受的地步。

  5. —What do you think of teaching, Bob?

  —I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (北京卷)

  A. where B. which C. when D. that

  【解析】A。由于定語從句you are doing something serious but interesting是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子,不缺主語或賓語,所以不能選關(guān)系代詞which或that,故可排除B和D;而關(guān)系副詞when只用于修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞,故也可排除;where在此相當(dāng)于in which,引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在定語從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語。又如:I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份一天8小時(shí)都得守在辦公桌前的工作。

  考點(diǎn)四 查關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1. She’ll never forget her stay there, ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川卷)

  A. that B. which C. where D. when

  【解析】D。that不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故被排除;which引導(dǎo)定語從句必須在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語,與本題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不符,故也被排除;where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),其前先行詞只能是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,而本題的先行詞her stay there(她待在那兒期間)不是表地點(diǎn),而是表時(shí)間,故C也可排除;關(guān)系副詞when在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞her stay。句意為:她永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記她待在那兒的那段時(shí)間,在此其間她找到了她兩年前失蹤的孩子。

  2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (江蘇卷)

  A. if B. when C. which D. since

  【解析】B。when在此用于引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾名詞days。此題的難點(diǎn)是先行詞days與關(guān)系副詞when之間被are gone,容易誤解句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:由于金融危機(jī),當(dāng)?shù)匚逍羌壻e館每晚收費(fèi)6,000元的日子已經(jīng)過去了。

  考點(diǎn)五 考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

  1. Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. (陜西卷)

  A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

  【解析】C。當(dāng)一個(gè)定語從句由“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)時(shí),其中介詞的確定方法就是要找到與之構(gòu)成搭配的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞等。在本題中,根據(jù)句意,句子所涉及的搭配是argue about a subject(爭論某個(gè)話題),所以答案只能選C。又如:I called him by the wrong name for which mistake I apologize. 我叫錯(cuò)了他的名字,為了這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤我愿道歉。

  2. She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. (全國I)

  A. them B. who C. whom D. these

  【解析】C。由于兩個(gè)句子之間沒有并列連詞,所以不能選A或D;又因?yàn)槭怯糜诮樵~of之后作賓語,所以要用賓格whom,不用who。句意為:她帶來了三個(gè)朋友,我以前一個(gè)也沒有見過。

  考點(diǎn)六 定語從句考查新角度

  The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (江西卷)

  A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

  【解析】B。這道題的本質(zhì)是考查定語從句的用法,但其命題的角度比較特別,它既不考查先行詞,也不考查關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,而是結(jié)合介詞的搭配考查關(guān)系代詞的省略。句中定語從句I grew up用于修飾名詞the house,由于其前沒有“引導(dǎo)詞”,所以可認(rèn)為被省略了。而根據(jù)英語語法,可以省略的定語從句“引導(dǎo)詞”只可能是用作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that或which,這樣一來,就必須要求空格處填一個(gè)能帶賓語的詞,顯然只有介詞in。

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