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定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法及解題技巧

時(shí)間:2023-07-19 15:36:49 歐敏 英語 我要投稿
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定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法及解題技巧

  定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法及解題技巧有哪些?以下是小編為大家收集的定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法及解題技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家。

  定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法及解題技巧

  1. 關(guān)系副詞VS關(guān)系代詞

  先來看一看關(guān)系副詞和我們熟知的關(guān)系代詞有什么關(guān)聯(lián)。

  以where為例,首先問大家一個(gè)問題,where是什么意思呢?“哪兒!”你肯定會毫不猶豫的給出這個(gè)答案,然后躲到電腦后,偷笑栗子問的問題太弱。其實(shí)不然。我們換個(gè)問題“Where are you?”翻譯成中文是“你哪兒?”還是“你在哪兒?”我想這次應(yīng)該大家會毫不猶豫的選后者吧!沒錯(cuò),where確切翻譯應(yīng)該是“在哪兒”,所以見到“Where did Tom live?”時(shí),我們的答案是“Tom lived in Beijing.”而非“Tom lived Beijing.”

  接下來回到正題,我們通過以下的等式替換來看看關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系吧。首先有兩個(gè)簡單句:

  We visited the city center. Tom lived in the city center.

  針對這兩個(gè)簡單句我們做兩個(gè)設(shè)計(jì):

  1)把他們合并成一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,不難得出是:We visited the city center in which Tom lived.

  定語從句中which指代的正是city center,即which=the city center.

  2)再針對第二個(gè)簡單句提一個(gè)問題:

  Where did Tom live?

  因?yàn)閣here是“在哪兒”所以它對應(yīng)的答案是“in the city”而非“the city”,即where=in the city

  綜合以上兩點(diǎn)which=the city center,where= in the city center,顯而易見where=in which,也就是說,關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞。所以該定語從句可以換種寫法就是:We visited the city where Tom lived.因?yàn)閣here在定語從句中指代是地點(diǎn)狀語,所以屬于關(guān)系副詞。相應(yīng)的when指代時(shí)間狀語、why指代原因狀語。

  2. 關(guān)系副詞用法的解題技巧:

  見到時(shí)間詞關(guān)系詞一定用when嗎?未必!做題時(shí)切記一個(gè)原則:缺什么補(bǔ)什么。試比較以下兩道題:

  1) The days are gone______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(2011天津)

  2) The days ____ I spent in the village were full of adventure.

  A. when B. where C. which

  第一道雖說是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的高考題,但我們初中聽說讀寫拔高上的不少小學(xué)霸都問過我這一道題。首先,必須承認(rèn)這題比較有難度:從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看主干即The days are gone (那些日子已經(jīng)結(jié)束了),后面緊跟的是一個(gè)定語從句,用來修飾主語The days的,只是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句太長放在句首會顯得整體頭重腳輕,所以放在了句尾和先行詞分割開來。然后我們需要做的就是判斷先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分了。從句主系表齊全,是個(gè)相對完成的句子,所以the days只能加上介詞在從句中只能做時(shí)間狀語,所以橫線上填when,或者根據(jù)我們解決掉的第一個(gè)問題填上during which也可以。

  再看第二道,從句是I spent in the village,謂語spent缺少賓語,the days正是spent的賓語,所以不能填when,只能填which或that。

  總的來說就是:做定語從句題目時(shí),一定要看清從句中缺什么成分,或者看先行詞在從句中能做什么成分,只有在做狀語時(shí)才能夠選關(guān)系副詞。我們再來練一組題目:

  1)This is the school _________my grandpa founded.

  2)This is the school _________ my grandpa found his love.

  第一題從句中founded是及物動詞“建立”,缺少了賓語,所以只能填關(guān)系代詞which或that;第二題從句中found“找到”有自己的賓語,從句主謂賓齊全,所以先行詞school只能加上介詞充當(dāng)狀語成分,因?yàn)閟chool是地點(diǎn),所以只能填where了。

  3. 關(guān)于where的特殊用法:

  定語從句中where的使用已經(jīng)不僅僅限于具體的地點(diǎn),在一些模糊的地點(diǎn)名詞后也要使用where,比如:family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。

  看一個(gè)題目:

  Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers____consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西)

  A. where B. when C. who D. which

  本題同樣是一道經(jīng)典的高考題目,首先要能夠分析出句子結(jié)構(gòu),找出先行詞。本句和之前見到的一個(gè)題目一樣,橫線后的定語從句本來是修飾cases的,同樣因?yàn)榉徘懊骖^重腳輕移到了后面,句子意思是“晚些在這個(gè)單元里,有一些由消費(fèi)者的抱怨引發(fā)法律更改的案例會被介紹給讀者!闭_答案應(yīng)該選A,cases相當(dāng)于一個(gè)抽象地點(diǎn),where在這里等于in the cases(在這些案例中)。

  練習(xí):

  All the neighbors admire this family___ the parents are treating their child like a friend.

  A. why B. where C. which D. whose

  綜上,我們在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法時(shí)一定要注意到以下幾點(diǎn):

  1. 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

  2. 選關(guān)系詞的宗旨是:看從句缺什么句子成分,缺什么補(bǔ)什么;when指代時(shí)間狀語,where指代地點(diǎn)狀語,why指代原因狀語。

  3. where的抽象化先行詞有:family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。

  定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)

  when, where和why,它們在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。其句法結(jié)構(gòu)如下:

  1. when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。

  例句:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

  I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.

  2. where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

  例句:The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

  This is the house where I lived two years ago.

  關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

  例如:I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.

  He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.

  I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.

  Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.

  有時(shí)關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句和先行詞有間隔的現(xiàn)象,是為了平衡句子的語法需要。

  Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

  The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.

  3. why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。

  例句:That is the reason why I did the job.(在現(xiàn)代英語中why可以省略)

  上句也可以這樣表示:

  That is the reason I did the job.

  又如: This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.

  關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡單,以下注意點(diǎn)不可忽視:

  1)“when”、“where”和“why”的運(yùn)用取就于表時(shí)間的名詞、表地點(diǎn)的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分,比較下面的幾組句子:

  I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.

  I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

  This is the hospital where my mother works.

  This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.

  The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

  This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

  2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替換成“介詞 + which”,介詞的選用取就于先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。例如:

  Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)

  This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)

  Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)

  英語中的關(guān)系副詞由:where,when和 why。這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞很多情況下,都可以用介詞+關(guān)系代詞來替換。

  where=in /at /to+which;

  when=in /on /at+which;

  why=for +which.

  有時(shí)定語從句中介詞短語和動詞有意義緊密的修飾關(guān)系,尤其在非限制性定語從句中,常使用“介詞 + which”結(jié)構(gòu),而不使用關(guān)系副詞。例如:

  My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

  At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

  3) “that”可活用為關(guān)系副詞,相當(dāng)于“when, where、why”和“介詞 + which”結(jié)構(gòu),尤其在“the time when”等結(jié)構(gòu)中的“when”常被“that”代替,而且“that”往往省略。

  I may leave here any time I want to.

  During the time I was there I visited him twice.

  This is my second time I have come to your country.

  1.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

  A. that B. when C. which D. where

  答案 D

  解析 考查定語從句。先行詞是situation,指物,亦可指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語,用關(guān)系副詞where,選D。

  2. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

  A. which B. where C. how D. why

  答案 B

  3 .After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where

  答案 D

  解析 本題考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定。英語中,point/situation/case等作先行詞,其后的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where(相當(dāng)于in which)。該定語從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,因此用where。

  4.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

  A. why B. what C. that D. where

  答案 D

  5.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

  A.who B.which C.why D.when

  答案 D

  關(guān)系副詞用法

  關(guān)系副詞兼有副詞與連接詞兩種作用,在不及物動詞的連接中要求用關(guān)系副詞。

  關(guān)系副詞所引導(dǎo)的形容詞子句用于修飾主要子句中的某一名詞或代名詞,被修飾的詞稱作先行詞,關(guān)系副詞要放在先行詞之后。

  例如:關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中用作狀語,表示時(shí)間,用以修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞。

  關(guān)系副詞主要有三個(gè),即when,where,why。此外that也可代替關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)代詞句子。

  關(guān)系副詞=preposition(介詞)+relative pronoun(關(guān)系代詞)

  例如:where=in which,when=on which,why=for which

  這些關(guān)系副詞在從句中做狀語。

  Would you please tell me the way to the zoo? 你能告訴我去動物園的路嗎?

  the way是先行詞。

  This is the place where(that) I first met her. 這是我第一次見到她的地方。

  在口語中that可以充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞,代替when,why,how,只有先行詞是the place時(shí),才可代替where。

  A:When should we start to work?

  B:The sooner (we start),the better (it will be). 我們應(yīng)該什么時(shí)候開始工作? 越早越好。

  the作關(guān)系副詞是引導(dǎo)副詞子句,句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般為:The+比較級...+the+比較級...,第一個(gè)the是關(guān)系副詞。

  time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行詞時(shí)可以被省略,其后的子句不再是形容詞子句,而變成名詞子句或副詞子句。

  中文:這是他出生的地方。

  This iswhere he was born.(where he was born是名詞子句。)

  This is the placewhere he was born.(where he was born是形容詞子句。)

  中文:我將在第一次見到她的地方見她。

  Ill meet her at the placewhere I first met her.(where I first met her是形容詞子句。)

  Ill meet herwhere I first met her.(where I first met her是副詞子句。)

  關(guān)系副詞有限定用法,指的是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的形容詞子句只修飾先行詞。

  We were very happy in those dayswhen we studied in school.我們在學(xué)校里上學(xué)的那些日子里很快樂。

  關(guān)系副詞有補(bǔ)述用法,即關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的是對等子句而不是形容詞子句,主要用于對主要子句中的不足之處加以補(bǔ)充,前面都要加逗點(diǎn)與主要子句分開。

  Tom got married the day before yesterday,when it was his birthday too.湯姆前天結(jié)婚了,那天也是他的生日。

  wherever,whenever,however是復(fù)合關(guān)系副詞,表示"不論",引導(dǎo)一個(gè)修飾主要子句里的動詞的副詞子句,可加強(qiáng)語氣或表示讓步。

  【參見關(guān)系形容詞】

  Wherever he goes,he would bring an umbrella with him. 不論他去那里,他都帶著一把雨傘。

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