定語從句語法講解
“定語從句（也稱關系從句、形容詞性從句），是指一類由關系詞（英語：relative word）引導的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語，所以曾被稱為定語從句，下面小編為大家?guī)淼亩ㄕZ從句語法講解！
一、 知識點梳理
充當定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，由一定的連接詞引導，連接詞稱為關系代詞(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或關系副詞(when,where,why)
1、 限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句
起對先行詞進行限定、區(qū)分的作用。若去掉易產生歧義或使主句意義不明確。(此類定語從句前后沒有逗號)
【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我媽媽給我買的裙子很漂亮。
�、品窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句
與先行詞之間的關系比較松散，只對先行詞起說明和描述的作用。若省去，剩余部分意義仍然完整，表達清楚。(此類定語從句前后用逗號隔開)
【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are very
marvelous.
你的作品人人欣賞，實在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great
writer.
莎士比亞是個偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。
⑶某些情況下，一個定語從句既可以作限定性定語從句，又可以作為非限定性定語從句，但二者含義有差別。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.
這里有十輛中國制造的車。 (這里可能還有其他的車) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 這里有十輛車，它們都是中國制造的。 (這里只有十輛車)
�、萾hat和why一般不引導非限定性定語從句，其他引導限定性定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞都可以引導非限定性定語從句。
⑴限定性定語從句
【eg】My elder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad. 我的哥哥在國外工作，他是一個工程師。
Last year , I visited Quanzhou , which is a beautiful cityin Fujian Province.
去年我游覽了泉州，它是福建省一個漂亮的城市。
⑴which和that指物
�、� which和that引導的限定性定語從句表事物，可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語。當他們在賓語從句中做賓語時，that和which�？梢允÷浴�
【eg】We must respect the custom here that has existed forhundreds of years.
我們必須尊重這里存在了數百年的習俗。 (做主語) This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.
這就是我想買的那本書。 (做buy的賓語) 多數情況下，that和which 可以通用。
② 在下列幾種情況下，引導定語從句的關系代詞多用that，不用或少用which。
a 先行詞前有形容詞的最高級、序數詞或the only , the very , the last等表絕對意義的詞作修飾語。
【eg】This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.
這是世界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹。
The only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps.
他唯一感興趣的事就是集郵。
b 先行詞為不定代詞(anything , nothing , everything)或被little , few , much, any , no等修飾
【eg】All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.
他唱的所有的歌在這兒都很流行。
Everything that should be done has been done..
一切應該做的事情都已經做了。
若先行詞是something，定語從句用 that 和 which 都可以。 c 先行詞既包括人又包括物
【eg】They talked of people and things ( that ) they rememberedin England.
他們談起了記憶中在英國的人和事。
d 當句中已有wh–疑問句，有時為了避免重復，用 that 引導定語從句而不用which。
�、� 在下列幾種情況下，一般使用which引導定語從句而不用that. a 引導非限定性定語從句。
【eg】China , which is the third largest country in the world ,is playing an important part in the world affairs. 中國是世界上第三大國家，它在國際事務中起著重要的作用。 b that和which 在從句中作介詞的賓語。
介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關系代詞前面。
介詞放在句末時，關系代詞可用that 和which ，也可省略。
介詞提前到關系代詞前時，只能用which 不能用that ，且which 不可省。
【eg】A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles areopened with.
=A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are opened. 開瓶器是一種用來開啟瓶子的工具。
c 當關系代詞后面有插入語。
【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which ,as I have told you , made me very glad.
我已經收到你的婚禮請柬。這個邀請，正如我所告訴你的，使我感到萬分榮幸。
d 若先行詞是that，則用 which 引導定語從句。(that which的結構通常出現(xiàn)在諺語中)
【eg】That which is evil is soon learned.
壞事易學。
�、� 先行詞是way時，引導定語從句的關系代詞有三種形式:in which / that或不用引導詞。
【eg】The way he speaks is unique.
=The way that he speaks is unique.
=The way in which he speaks is unique.
他說話的方式很奇特。
⑵who,whom 和that指人。
① who和that在從句中既可做主語又可做賓語
whom 在從句中只可用做賓語。
當who , whom和that在從句中做賓語時，可以省略。
【eg】Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over
there?
你認識在那邊和John說話的那個女孩嗎?
The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher.
剛才和你說話的那個是我們的老師。
② who , whom , that在從句中都可作介詞的賓語。
介詞可位于句末也可提到關系代詞前。
介詞位于句末時，關系代詞可用who , whom或that，也可省略。 介詞提到關系代詞前時，只能用whom不能用that和who，并且whom不可省。
(注意與2/⑴/③/b類比)
【eg】The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher.
=The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher. 剛才和你說話的那個人是我們的老師。
�、� whose指人或指物，充當名詞的修飾語，表示所屬關系。
“whose+名詞”=“名詞+ of which”二者意思相同，可互換。
【eg】Look at the house whose windows are round.
=Look at the house the windows of which are round. 看那座窗戶是圓形的房子。
⑷ as引導的.定語從句
�、� 先行詞有such 或the same 修飾，或者在as/so as 的結構中，都可用as
做關系代詞來引導限定性定語從句。
【eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.
我想買一支和你用的那支一樣的筆。
He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. 他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語。
當the same修飾先行詞時，引導定語從句的關系代詞既可以用as也可用that。
區(qū)別：that引導的定語從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個。
as既可以表示“同一個”又可以表示“同類”。
【eg】This is the same book that I have lost.
這就是我丟失的那本書。
This is the same book as I have lost.
這本書和我丟失的那本一模一樣。
�、� as引導非限定性定語從句。
as引導非限定性定語從句,修飾的是前面的整個句子。
which 也有這種用法,兩者在大部分情況下可互換。
【eg】She has just cried , as / which I could see from her swollen eyes.
她剛剛哭過，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。
As is known to all , China is the third largest country in the world.
眾所周知，中國是世界上第三大繁榮國家。
which引導非限定性定語從句和引導的非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別： a which從句只能放在句末，而as從句可位于句首、句中、句末。
【eg】Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer. 眾所周知，馬克吐溫是一位偉大的作家。
b 當主句是否定句時，as不能用 which 來替換。as從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義。
【eg】Spiders are not insects , as many people think. 蜘蛛并非像許多人所想的那樣是昆蟲。
3、 關系副詞when , where , why的使用
關系副詞where , when , why在從句中分別做地點狀語、時間狀語和原因狀語。他們經�？梢杂谩敖樵~+ which ”來替代
⑴when可替換為 on / at / in / during + which , 在定語從句中做時間狀語。
【eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met. 我還記得我們初次見面的那一天。
Do you still remember the summer vacation when / duringwhich we visited a lot of places in Beijing?
你還記得我們在北京游覽了很多地方的那個暑假嗎?
�、� where可替換為 at / in / to + which ，在定語從句中跟在表地點的名詞后面做地點狀語。
【eg】That is the school where / at which I used to study. 那就是我過去學習過的學校。
Think of a place where / to which we can go for a swim. 想一個我們可以去游泳的地方。
�、� why 可替換為for which ，引導先行詞為reason的定語從句，表示原因。
【eg】This is the reason why / for which he was late. 這就是他遲到的原因。
�、� 關系副詞when , where , why 引導定語從句時一般可用that替換，也可省略。
【eg】She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )she gets up in the morning till the time ( when / that ) she goes to bed.
她總是很忙，從早上起床一直到上床睡覺，她都在工作。 That is the place ( where / that ) I went before.
那就是我們從前去過的地方。
Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he left the company? 你知道他離開公司的原因嗎?
二、 例題
1、( )The flood overflowed the riverbanks , ______ frequently happened in that area.
A as it B which C it D such
2、( )This is the best novel ______ we have read in recent years.
A which B that C as D so
3、( )All ______ is a large sum of money.
A what is needed B that is needed
C the thing needed D for their needs
4、( )Read the text a second time and you will probably know what the principle ______ a hovercraft works.
A is on that B has on which
C is on which D on which
5、( )The way ______ he gives his performances is appreciated by his fans. Which of the followings is wrong?
A / B which C in which D that
6、( )My assistant , ______ carefully read through the instructions before doing the experiment , did not get satisfactory results.
A who thought B even who
C who had D who having
7、( )In the dark streets , there was not a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A that B who C from whom D to whom
8、( )The neighbourhood factory , ______ workers are all women , turns out toys
of fine quality.
A there B which C whose D when
9、( )He is such an outstanding leader ______ is loved by the people throughout the country.
A as B that C which D who
10、( )The can opener is easy to handle , ______ is shown in the picture.
A as it B as C that D since
11、( )Everything was quite all right ______ one day ______ she got into trouble.
A not until ; when B until ; before
C not until ; before D until ; when
12、( )A fast food restaurant is the place ______ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly.
A which B where C there D what
13、( )The plane was delayed , ______ was that the weather was terrible.
A the reason why B the reason for it
C the reason of it D the reason for which
14、( )Do not let the child who is ______ swim in rivers.
A not old enough B too young to
C not old enough to D young enough to
15、( )I think you have got to the point ______ ,a change is needed , otherwise you will fail.
A when B that C where D which
三、鞏固練習
1、( )Is this university ______ they paid a visit to last month?
A which B where C the one D which you
2、( )I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the village.
A / B when C what D how
3、( ) ______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A Which B As C That D It
4、( )I was late for school this morning because of the traffic jam ______ I was caught.
A which B where C in which D when
5、( )Has everything ______ can be done ______ done?
A / ; / B / ; been C that ; been D that ; be
6、( )Can you find me something ______ ?
A to open the tin B that I can open the tin
C I can open the tin with D by which to open the tin
7、( )Water dissolves a part of nearly everything ______ it comes in contact.
A where B with which C that D as soon as
8、( )The size of the audience , ______ we had expected , was well over 500.
A whom B that C who D as
9、( )The shop assistant I spoke ______ nothing.
A to say B to said C said D tell
10、( )When the mid-term exam was over , I went fishing - ______ I had not done for weeks.
A anything B everything C nothing D something
11、( )Tigers live in forests , ______ there are plenty of other animals for them to hunt for food.
A when B if C as D where
12、( )I am going to buy the same bicycle ______ you are using now.
A that B which C as D like
13、( )This is the same watch ______ I lost.
A which B as C that D but
14、( )-How far apart do they live?______ I know ,they live in the same neighbourhood.
A As long as B As far as C As well as D As often as
15、( )Yesterday I bought a Chinese painting ______ was very reasonable.
A which price B the price of whichC its price D the price of whose
key:
1~5 BBBCB 6~10 CDCAB 11~15 DBDAC 鞏固1~5 CABCC 6~10 CBDBD 11~15 DCCBB
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