同學仍然只固守這個初中版本的表達法讓人審美疲勞，英語寫作中語言和句子的常見錯誤，當形容詞不能分別來修飾時這就叫相重或累積形容詞，用逗號隔開過渡語插入語獨立短語和對比成分。
作文中常見句子錯誤分析
1.非獨立性從句單獨成句
WemusttryhardtolearnEnglishwell.Becauseitwillbeveryusefulinourfuturework.
2.現(xiàn)在分詞獨立成句
Theygotupearlythatmorning.Hopingtocatchupthe6:30traintoBeijing.Revisedversion:Hopingtocatchupthe6:30traintoBeijing,theygotupearlythatmorning.
3.細節(jié)補充獨立成句
Itishardtokeepwithmonthlypayments.Suchastelephone,electric,andgasbill.
Itishardtokeepwithmonthlypayments,suchas…
4.無主句
Jerrydreamedofthedaythathewouldhavelotsofmoney.Andwoulduseittobuyanicehouse.
Jerrydreamedofthedaythathewouldhavelotsofmoneyandwoulduseitto1
buyanicehouse.
5.不間斷句子run-onsentence.這個錯誤常常出現(xiàn)在原因段與建議段的topicsentence
Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.
Tosolvethisproblem,therearesomemeasurescanbetaken.
Whatisthereasonleadtothesituation?補充：經(jīng)典的原因與建議的句子如下
causes1.Therearemanyforthisreasons
dramaticgrowth/decrease.First,...Second,...Finally,...
2.Anumberoffactorscanaccountforthechangein...
OrThereareseveralfactorsaccountingfor/contributingtothisphenomenon.
3.Anothercontributoryfactorof...is...
4.Whyaredodid...?...Foranother,...Foronething,Onereasonis....Anotheris....2
5.Severalfactorsareresponsibleforthisproblem.
6.Thecausesofmentalhealthproblemsoftenvaryalotfromonecasetoanother.
建議措施：
1.Itisnecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.
2.Hence,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures/steps.
3.Solutiontotheproblemrequiresjointeffortsonboththesocietyandthestudents
4.Weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolthisproblem.
http://www.zzlgroo.com
6.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.
6．受漢語負遷移的影響，標點符號用錯，首字母大小寫也不注意，從而導致英語句子錯誤。
Tosolvethisproblem.Somemeasuresmustbetaken.First.Thecollegesshould…
First,mostgraduatesprefertostayinlargecitiesthaninthecountryside,however,countrysidecanbelookeddownuponbycollegegraduates,italsoofferssomeopportunitiestostudents.
7.機械地逐字對譯
Ifyoumeetsometrouble,youcanlookfor(turnto)thepoliceman
Inrecentyears,alotofcollegestudentshasbeenincreasingquickly,atthesametime,collegestudentsarehardtohuntingforjobs.
Revisedversion:Inrecentyears, http://www.zzlgroo.com nsequently,many
astudentfindsitincreasinglyhardtohuntasatisfactoryjob.
8.出現(xiàn)太多的陳腔濫調(diào)，要培養(yǎng)學生多用加分詞匯的意識。
So—therefore,consequentlysame---identical
But—howeverenough—sufficient,adequate
Agree—approvedeep—profoundgive---offer
Reduce---cutdownonatlast---eventuallyoften---frequently
Ability—competence,capabilitymany---asignificantnumberof
Like---favorthinkof–comeupwithmethod---approach
Beautiful---handsome,charming,attractive
Becauseof---thanksto,owingto,dueto,beresponsiblefor
9.Itis+important+forsb+todosth句式在四級作文中利用率比較高，但很多
同學仍然只固守這個初中版本的表達法，讓人審美疲勞。不妨給升華一下,兩種方法任選其一。
其一：Itisof+n.+forsbtodosth
Itisimportant/necessary/usefulforustolearnEnglishwell.
Itisofgreatimportance/necessityforustolearnEnglishwell.
其二，用加分形容詞如essential，crucial，beneficial等
高中英語常見句子錯誤分析
高中英語常見句子錯誤分析
1.run-onsentence-串句-
標點使用和連詞造成的語義混亂。
Ritadecidetostopsmokingshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(wrong)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking;shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking.Shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking,forshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
2.fragmentarysentence-破句-
每個句子原則上都應有主語和謂語，否則就不能表達完整的
意思。
1）dependent-wordfragments-從屬連詞引起
AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus.Icheckedintoaroom.(wrong)
AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus,Icheckedintoaroom.(correct)
2）—ingfragment-動詞的ing形式引起
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday.Tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(wrong)
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday,tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(correct)
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday,andtriedtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(correct)
3）tofragment-不定式引起
Iplanonworkingovertime.Togetthisjobfinished.(wrong)Iplanonworkingovertimetogetthisjobfinished.(correct)
4）added-detailfragment-添加細節(jié)引起缺少主語或是謂語。Hefailedanumberofcoursesbeforeheearnedhisdegree.Amongthem,English1,Economics,andGeneralBiology.(wrong)
AmongthecourseshefailedbeforeheearnedhisdegreewereEnglish1,Economics,andGeneralBiology.(correct)
5）missing-subjectfragment-少主語
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel.Andwonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.(wrong)
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel,andwonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.(correct)
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel.Andshewonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.
(correct)
3.faultyparallelism-錯誤平行結構
Sheworksdiligentlyandatnight.(不對等)
1）andwho/andwhichconstruction-
Tom,whoiswiseandintelligent,andwhoisourunionrepresentative,hasbeenpromotedtoforeman.(w)
Tom,whoiswiseandintelligentandwhoisourunionrepresentative,hasbeenpromotedtoforeman.(c)
2）correlativeconjunction-關聯(lián)詞
HewantseithertostudyEnglishLiteratureorstudyWorldHistory.(w)
HewantstostudyeitherEnglishLiteratureorstudyWorldHistory.(c)
3)makingaseriesofparallel-連續(xù)平行
Whenwearrivedhome,weunpackedoursuitcases,tookshowers,andthenwewenttosleepaftereatingourlunch.(w)
Whenwearrivedhome,weunpackedoursuitcases,tookshowers,ateourlunch,andwewenttosleep.(c)
4)watchingincorrectomission-警惕不正確的省略
Healwayshasandalwayswillcompeteforthehighesthonor.(w)
Healwayshascompetedandalwayswillcompeteforthehighesthonor.(c)
5)comparisonsusingthanoras-用than或as引起
HislearningisasextensiveasPaul.(w)
HislearningisasextensiveasPaul’s(learning).(c)
4.misplacedmodifier-修飾語錯置
Billyelledatthehowlingdoginhisunderwear.(w)
Bill,inhisunderwear,yelledatthehowlingdog.(w)
5.danglingmodifier-垂懸修飾語
Afterthreehoursofpractice,alargemugofbeerwaswhatthethirstydancerswanted.(w)
Afterpracticingforthreehours,thethirstydancerswantedalargemugofbeer.c)
英語寫作中語言和句子的常見錯誤
英語寫作中語言和句子的常見錯誤
(一)逗號的使用問題
逗號是用來幫助讀者更好地進行閱讀的。沒有逗號句子就會發(fā)生碰撞，或者引起誤解。例：
誤解：IfyoucookElmerwilldothedishes.
誤解：Whilewewereeatingarattlesnakeapproachedourcampsite.
在合乎邏輯的地方加上逗號(aftercookandeating),立刻一切就會變明白了。就不會錯誤地理解成為Elmerbeingcooked,therattlesnakebeingeaten.
1)在等立復合連接詞連接兩個或多個句子的時候，在等立復合連接詞前面加逗號。如:and、but、or、nor、for、so和yet。
Nearlyeveryonehasheardofloveatfirstsight,butIfellinloveatfirstdance.
一個表示引導的短語或句子后面用逗號(這個引導的短語或句子一般作狀語)。
WhenIrwinwasreadytoeat,hiscatjumpedontothetable.
Nearasmallstreamatthebottomofthecanyon,wediscoveredanabandonedshelter.在表示狀語的句子或短語比較短的情況下，一般不用逗號。
Innotimewewereat2,800feet.
當分詞短語在句首做狀語，主要用于描述后面句子中緊跟著它的名詞或代詞時，要用逗號隔開(不管句子的長短)，這個逗號主要告訴讀者他們就要明白這個人或事情的身份或情況了。
Knowingthathecouldn'toutrunacar,Kevintooktothefields.
Excitedaboutthemove,AliceandDonbeganpackingtheirbooks.
注：其他表示引導的還有連接副詞、過渡詞和獨立短語。
3)表示一系列的項目時要用逗號(三個或更多個)，這個項目可以是單個字、短語或者從句。
AtDominique'sonecansgroupsfilletofrattlesnake,bisonburgers,orpickledeel.
Myunclewilledmeallofhisproperty,houses,andwarehouses.
Theactivitiesincludeasearchforlosttreasure,dubiousfinancialdealings,muchdiscussionofancientheresies,andmidnightorgies.
4)在幾個并列形容詞之間用逗號或用and,而在相重或累積形容詞前面不用逗號。當兩個或多個形容詞來分別修飾一個名詞時，它們叫做并列形容詞。
Motherhasbecomeastrong,confident,independentwoman.如果它們能夠用and來連接(strongandconfidentandindependent)，就叫做并列形容詞。
當形容詞不能分別來修飾時，這就叫相重或累積形容詞。
Threelargegrayshapesmovedslowlytowardus.
并列形容詞：Robertisawarm,gentle,affectionatefather.
相重(累積)形容詞：Iraorderedarichchocolatelayercake.
5)用逗號隔開過渡語、插入語、獨立短語和對比成分。
過渡語包括連接副詞，如:however、therefore和moreover。
過渡短語:forexample,asamatteroffact,inotherwords等。
Minhdidnotunderstandourlanguage;moreover,hewasunfamiliarwithourcustoms.Naturalfoodsarenotalwayssaltfree;forexample,celerycontainsmoresodiumthanmostpeoplewouldimagine.
當連接副詞或過渡語出現(xiàn)在句子的一開始或者出現(xiàn)在一個獨立句子的中間時，它經(jīng)常要用逗號隔開。
Theprospectivebabysitterlookedverypromising;shewasbusy,however,throughoutthemonth
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ofJanuary.
Asamatteroffact,Americanfootballwasestablishedbyfanswhowantedtoplayamoreorganizedgameoffootball.
注：如果連接副詞或過渡語已經(jīng)和句子融為一體，在閱讀時無需停頓，就不再需要逗號了。
它們是:also、atleast、certainly、consequently、indeed、ofcourse、nodoubt、perhaps、then和
therefore.
Bill'stypewriterisbroken;thereforeyouwillneedtoborrowSue's.
插入語：提供補充評論或信息，常常出現(xiàn)在句中或者句末。
Evolution,asfarasweknow,doesn'tworkthisway.
Thestripedbaweighedabouttwelvepounds,giveortakeafewounces.
獨立短語：獨立短語常常修飾整個句子，它常常是一個名詞加一個分詞或分詞短語。Histennisgameatlastperfected,Chriswonthecup.
Brendawasforcedtorelyonpublictransportation,hercarshavingsbeenwreckedtheweekbefore.
對比成分：以not和unlike開始的顯明對比成分應用逗號將其隔開。
NowthatIammarried,Janetalkstomeasanadult,notasherlittlesister.
Celia,unlikeRobert,hadnoloathingfordancecontests.
6)用逗號隔開直接稱呼名詞，yes和no，反意疑問句的反問部分，以及溫和感嘆詞。Forgiveus,Dr.Spock,forspankingBrian.
Yes,theLoanwillprobablybeapproved
Thefilmwasfaithfultothebook,wasn'tit?
Well,caseslikethesearedifficulttodecide.
7)用逗號將動詞和直接引語隔開。
NaturalistArthurClevelandBentremarked,“Inparttheperegrinedeclinedunnoticedbecauseit
isnotadorable.”
Convictionsaremoredangerousfoesoftruththanlies,wrotePhilosopherFriedrichNietzsche.
8)用逗號將日期、地址、頭銜和數(shù)字隔開。
日期：在日期中要用一對逗號將年和句子的其他部分隔開。
OnDecember12,1890,ordersweresentoutforthearrestofSittingBull.
注：如果日期前置或者只有年和月則不用逗號。
TherecyclingplangoessintoseffectonApril1993.
January1992wasanextremelycoldmonth.
地址：地址中的成分或地點名稱后面用逗號。郵編碼前不用逗號。
JohnLennonwasborninLiverpool,England,in1940.
PleasesendthepackagetoGregTarvinat708Springstreet,Washington,Illinois61571.稱號、頭銜：名字后面有稱號，那么就要用一對逗號將稱呼隔開。
SandraBarnes,M.D.,performedthesurgery.(M.D.醫(yī)學博士)數(shù)學：后面用逗號。3，500〔or3500〕100，000
(二)句子不完整
在寫作中一定要寫完整的句子，即每個句子必須有它的動詞(be動詞或者實義動詞)。一個完整的句子的結構應
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該是：1主語+謂語+賓語；2主語+謂語+狀語；3主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語等句子形式。
1)Smallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeirons.(錯)
Theyhaveinventedsmallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeirons.(正確)
2)TheyenjoyreadingclassicChineseLiterature.SuchasthepoetrybyLiBaiandDuFu.(錯)
TheyenjoyreadingclassicChineseLiterature.suchasthepoetrybyLiBaiandDuFu.(正確)
注：hence后面可以直接跟名詞而獨立成句。
(三)避免粘連句
粘連句就是指用逗號連接數(shù)個獨立的分句。
例：Anoldwomanlivedinthehouse,shesurprisedHanselandGreteltheywereeatingpartsof
herhome.(錯)
該句中有3個主語(oldwoman,she,they)，三個動詞(lived,surprised,和wereeating)，分句可以用句號，
分號(而不是逗號)或使用連接詞。最普通的連接詞是:and,but,so和or。連接代詞有who,which,和that，還有表
示時間連接詞:before,after,when和soon。
上句可以改為：
①Anoldwomanlivedinthehouse.ShesurprisedHanselandGretel.Theywereeatingpartsofher
home.
②AnoldwomanlivedinthehouseandshesurprisedHanselandGretelandtheywereeatingpartsofherhouse.
③TheoldwomanwholivedinthehousesurprisedHanselandGretelwhiletheywereeatingpartsofherhouse.
While和who就使句子的邏輯比②句就清楚明白得多了。
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