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句子成分及練習(xí)

句子成分及練習(xí) | 樓主 | 2017-07-08 06:29:02 共有3個(gè)回復(fù)
  1. 1句子成分及練習(xí)
  2. 2句子成分及練習(xí)
  3. 3高中英語(yǔ)句子成分講解及配套練習(xí)

是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體一般位于句首,作形式主語(yǔ)真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式,簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征狀態(tài)與身份它一般位于系動(dòng)詞如等之后。

句子成分及練習(xí)2017-07-08 06:26:56 | #1樓回目錄

句子成分及練習(xí)

(一)句子成分的定義:

構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;

主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);

次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。

二、主語(yǔ)(Subject)

表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事.

是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:

8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.

(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)

三)謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.

2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):

(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.

(2)由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如:

DoyouspeakEnglish?

Theyareworkinginafield.

Hehascaughtabadcold.

(3)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Wearestudents.

注意:謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要保持一致。

四)表語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)(Predicative)

用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份,它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。

表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:

1.OurteacherofEnglishisan(名詞)

2.Isit(代詞)

3.Theweatherhasturned(形容詞)

4.Thespeechis(分詞)

5.Threetimessevenis?

(數(shù)詞)

6.Hisjobis(不定式)

7.Hishobbyis.

(動(dòng)名詞)

8.Themeetingis(介詞短語(yǔ))

9.Timeis.Theclais(副詞)

10.Thetruthis.

(表語(yǔ)從句)

注意:系動(dòng)詞(Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),性質(zhì)特征和身份等。

1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如:

He2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:

Healwayssilentatmeeting.

3)表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,例如:

He(tobe)verysad.

4)感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:

Thiskindofclothverysoft.

5)變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:

6)終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"結(jié)果是;證明是",之意,例如:

Therumorfalse.

Hisplanasuccess.

五)賓語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:7.Ithink賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):

(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.

To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.

For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.

(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:

Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,如:

Herefused下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,如:

Johnhasadmitted.

下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),但意義不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如:

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.

(書(shū)已還給他了)

六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectComplement),用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后,賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:tell,let,help,find,teach,ask,see,hear,have,order,make等!百e補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:4.Youmustn’七)狀語(yǔ)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:

1.Howaboutmeetingagain?時(shí)間

2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.原因

3.Ishallgothere.條件

4.MrSmithlives地點(diǎn)

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasket方式

6.Shecamein伴隨,Imustworkharder.目的

7.Hewassotired結(jié)果

8.Sheworksveryhard讓步

9.Iamtaller.比較

九)同位語(yǔ)(Appositive)對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)ǔS擅~、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任,如:

ThisisMr.Zhou,(十)插入語(yǔ)(Parenthesis)對(duì)一句話(huà)做一些附加的解釋?zhuān)ǔS衪obehonest,Ithink(suppose,

believe---)等,如:Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.

Exercises:

一.指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:

二、劃分句子成分

1.weareworking.

2.Icanswimverywell.

3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.

4.Whydoesthewindblow.

5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.

6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.

8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.

9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.

Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.

10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.

11.Readmethefirstparagraph.

12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.

13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.

14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.

15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.

16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.

17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.

18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.

19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.

20.Thetelephonerang.

21.Westudyhard.

22.Hisfathermighthavedied.

23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.

24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?

25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.

26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.

27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.

28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.

29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.

30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.

31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.

32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.

33.Pleasepaanewly-publishedmagazinetome.

34.HelivedinGuangZhou.

35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.

36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.

37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.

38.Ilikepopularmusic.

39.Sheknowswhattodonext.

40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.

單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.Nowtheretheman

B.Themanherenow

C.Themanwhoisherenow

D.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetly

C.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.late

C.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://www.zzlgroo.com adB.died

C.dyedD.dying

()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://www.zzlgroo.com ,we

C.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowding

C.crowdedD.crowdedlyC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.it

C.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islooked

C.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.when

C.inwhich

D.where

句子成分及練習(xí)2017-07-08 06:28:12 | #2樓回目錄

句子成分及練習(xí)

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)

Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)

Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛(ài)好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)

(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語(yǔ)從句)

賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)

Letthefreshairin.(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))

(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語(yǔ))Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語(yǔ))

Waitaminute.(名詞)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)

狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語(yǔ))

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語(yǔ))

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語(yǔ))

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語(yǔ))

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語(yǔ))

Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語(yǔ))

句子成分練習(xí)

一、指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)(~):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)(—)、狀語(yǔ)(=)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(~):

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.

四、選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://www.zzlgroo.com aded

()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We, http://www.zzlgroo.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

句子成分答案

一、1、主語(yǔ),定語(yǔ);2、間接賓語(yǔ);3、謂語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);4、定語(yǔ);5、狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);6、定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ);7、賓語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);8、謂語(yǔ),主語(yǔ);9、謂語(yǔ);10、主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ);11、謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ);12、狀語(yǔ);13、形式賓語(yǔ),真正賓語(yǔ);14、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ);15、插入語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);16、賓語(yǔ)(間賓+直賓);17、狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);18、形式主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ);19、賓補(bǔ);20、表語(yǔ)

二、略

三、略

四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB

高中英語(yǔ)句子成分講解及配套練習(xí)2017-07-08 06:28:30 | #3樓回目錄

句子成分(membersofsentences)

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americanhasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)(代詞)

(數(shù)詞)

(不定式)

doesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)

(名詞化的形容詞)

hasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)

isnecessary(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Herunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。

如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.

(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisan.(名詞)

Isit(代詞)

Theweatherhasturned(形容詞)

Thespeechis

Threetimessevenis(數(shù)詞)

Hisjobis(不定式)

Hishobbyis.(動(dòng)名詞)

Themachine(介詞短語(yǔ))

Timeis.Theclais.(副詞)

Thetruthis(表語(yǔ)從句)

(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseean(名詞)

Theheavyrainprevented(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelped(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretended.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Ienjoy(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))

Ithink((賓語(yǔ)從句)

賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):

(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.

(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

1

(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

足語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+

賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:Hisfathernamedhim.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboat(形容詞)

Letthefreshair(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehim

Wesawher(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelab(介詞短語(yǔ))

Wewillsoonmakeourcity

(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisa(形容詞)

Chinaisacountry;Americaisa(分詞)

Therearethirty(名詞)

rapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst(不定式短語(yǔ))

Theplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)

Heisreadinganarticle(介詞短語(yǔ))

(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravels(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecity(介詞短語(yǔ))

Heisproud.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Heisintheroom

Wait.(名詞)

(狀語(yǔ)從句)

狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:

Howaboutmeetingagain?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.(原因狀語(yǔ))

Ishallgothere(條件狀語(yǔ))

MrSmithlives.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

Sheputtheeggsintothebasket.(方式狀語(yǔ))

Shecamein.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

(目的狀語(yǔ))

Hewassotired(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

Sheworksveryhard(讓步狀語(yǔ))

Iamtaller(比較狀語(yǔ))

簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(一)句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法

1、按句子的用途可分四種:

1)陳述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.

2)疑問(wèn)句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven

yearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?

3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass

4)感嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!

2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:

1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))。

2

e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

(二)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ):e.g.Heisastudent.

2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞:e.g.Wework.

3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ):e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。

一、指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:

句子成分練習(xí)題

(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞。

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞。

①I(mǎi)don'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall

②Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon

③ http://www.zzlgroo.com insC.haveD.breakfast④Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑤WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is

(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)

①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

⑤Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.

⑥Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.

(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

③Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.

(五)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)

①Whatisyourgivenname?

②OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.

③Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.

④Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.

(六)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.

②Shefounditdifficulttodothework.

③TheycallmeLilysometimes.

④IsawMrWanggetonthebus.

⑤DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)

①Therewasabigsmileonherface.

②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.

④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MiLihurriedoff.

⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.

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