是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體一般位于句首,作形式主語(yǔ)真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式,簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征狀態(tài)與身份它一般位于系動(dòng)詞如等之后。
句子成分及練習(xí)
句子成分及練習(xí)
(一)句子成分的定義:
構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);
次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。
二、主語(yǔ)(Subject)
表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事.
是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:
8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)
三)謂語(yǔ)
謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):
(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.
(2)由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如:
DoyouspeakEnglish?
Theyareworkinginafield.
Hehascaughtabadcold.
(3)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:
Wearestudents.
注意:謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要保持一致。
四)表語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)(Predicative)
用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份,它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:
1.OurteacherofEnglishisan(名詞)
2.Isit(代詞)
3.Theweatherhasturned(形容詞)
4.Thespeechis(分詞)
5.Threetimessevenis?
(數(shù)詞)
6.Hisjobis(不定式)
7.Hishobbyis.
(動(dòng)名詞)
8.Themeetingis(介詞短語(yǔ))
9.Timeis.Theclais(副詞)
10.Thetruthis.
(表語(yǔ)從句)
注意:系動(dòng)詞(Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),性質(zhì)特征和身份等。
1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如:
He2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:
Healwayssilentatmeeting.
3)表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,例如:
He(tobe)verysad.
4)感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:
Thiskindofclothverysoft.
5)變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:
6)終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"結(jié)果是;證明是",之意,例如:
Therumorfalse.
Hisplanasuccess.
五)賓語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:7.Ithink賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):
(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.
For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:
Sheboughtagiftforhermother.
(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)
ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,如:
Herefused下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)
admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,如:
Johnhasadmitted.
下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),但意義不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。
forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如:
Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))
Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.
(書(shū)已還給他了)
六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectComplement),用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后,賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:tell,let,help,find,teach,ask,see,hear,have,order,make等!百e補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:4.Youmustn’七)狀語(yǔ)
修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:
1.Howaboutmeetingagain?時(shí)間
2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.原因
3.Ishallgothere.條件
4.MrSmithlives地點(diǎn)
5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasket方式
6.Shecamein伴隨,Imustworkharder.目的
7.Hewassotired結(jié)果
8.Sheworksveryhard讓步
9.Iamtaller.比較
九)同位語(yǔ)(Appositive)對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)ǔS擅~、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任,如:
ThisisMr.Zhou,(十)插入語(yǔ)(Parenthesis)對(duì)一句話(huà)做一些附加的解釋?zhuān)ǔS衪obehonest,Ithink(suppose,
believe---)等,如:Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.
Exercises:
一.指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:
二、劃分句子成分
1.weareworking.
2.Icanswimverywell.
3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.
4.Whydoesthewindblow.
5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.
6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.
8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.
9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.
Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.
10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.
11.Readmethefirstparagraph.
12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.
13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.
14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.
15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.
16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.
17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.
18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.
19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.
20.Thetelephonerang.
21.Westudyhard.
22.Hisfathermighthavedied.
23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.
24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?
25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.
26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.
27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.
28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.
29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.
30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.
31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.
32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.
33.Pleasepaanewly-publishedmagazinetome.
34.HelivedinGuangZhou.
35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.
36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.
37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.
38.Ilikepopularmusic.
39.Sheknowswhattodonext.
40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.
單項(xiàng)選擇
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.Nowtheretheman
B.Themanherenow
C.Themanwhoisherenow
D.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetly
C.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.late
C.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
http://www.zzlgroo.com adB.died
C.dyedD.dying
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://www.zzlgroo.com ,we
C.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowding
C.crowdedD.crowdedlyC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.it
C.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islooked
C.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.when
C.inwhich
D.where
句子成分及練習(xí)
句子成分及練習(xí)
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)
Isityours?(代詞)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)
Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(愛(ài)好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)
(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)
Letthefreshairin.(副詞)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)
(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))
(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語(yǔ))Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語(yǔ))
Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語(yǔ))
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語(yǔ))
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語(yǔ))
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語(yǔ))
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語(yǔ))
Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語(yǔ))
句子成分練習(xí)
一、指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)(—)、狀語(yǔ)(=)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、選擇填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
http://www.zzlgroo.com aded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We, http://www.zzlgroo.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
句子成分答案
一、1、主語(yǔ),定語(yǔ);2、間接賓語(yǔ);3、謂語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);4、定語(yǔ);5、狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);6、定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ);7、賓語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);8、謂語(yǔ),主語(yǔ);9、謂語(yǔ);10、主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ);11、謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ);12、狀語(yǔ);13、形式賓語(yǔ),真正賓語(yǔ);14、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ);15、插入語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);16、賓語(yǔ)(間賓+直賓);17、狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);18、形式主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ);19、賓補(bǔ);20、表語(yǔ)
二、略
三、略
四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB
高中英語(yǔ)句子成分講解及配套練習(xí)
句子成分(membersofsentences)
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americanhasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)(代詞)
(數(shù)詞)
(不定式)
doesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)
(名詞化的形容詞)
hasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)
isnecessary(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Herunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。
如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.
(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisan.(名詞)
Isit(代詞)
Theweatherhasturned(形容詞)
Thespeechis
Threetimessevenis(數(shù)詞)
Hisjobis(不定式)
Hishobbyis.(動(dòng)名詞)
Themachine(介詞短語(yǔ))
Timeis.Theclais.(副詞)
Thetruthis(表語(yǔ)從句)
(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseean(名詞)
Theheavyrainprevented(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave(數(shù)詞)
Theyhelped(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretended.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Ienjoy(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))
Ithink((賓語(yǔ)從句)
賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):
(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
1
(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)
足語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+
賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:Hisfathernamedhim.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboat(形容詞)
Letthefreshair(副詞)
Youmustn’tforcehim
Wesawher(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelab(介詞短語(yǔ))
Wewillsoonmakeourcity
(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisa(形容詞)
Chinaisacountry;Americaisa(分詞)
Therearethirty(名詞)
rapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst(不定式短語(yǔ))
Theplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)
Heisreadinganarticle(介詞短語(yǔ))
(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravels(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecity(介詞短語(yǔ))
Heisproud.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Heisintheroom
Wait.(名詞)
(狀語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:
Howaboutmeetingagain?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.(原因狀語(yǔ))
Ishallgothere(條件狀語(yǔ))
MrSmithlives.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
Sheputtheeggsintothebasket.(方式狀語(yǔ))
Shecamein.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
(目的狀語(yǔ))
Hewassotired(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
Sheworksveryhard(讓步狀語(yǔ))
Iamtaller(比較狀語(yǔ))
簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
(一)句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法
1、按句子的用途可分四種:
1)陳述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.
2)疑問(wèn)句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven
yearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?
3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass
4)感嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!
2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:
1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))。
2
e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。
e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
(二)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型
1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ):e.g.Heisastudent.
2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞:e.g.Wework.
3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ):e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.
注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。
一、指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:
句子成分練習(xí)題
(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞。
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞。
①I(mǎi)don'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
③ http://www.zzlgroo.com insC.haveD.breakfast④Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑤WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is
(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)
①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
⑥Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
③Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
(五)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)
①Whatisyourgivenname?
②OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.
③Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
④Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
(六)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
③TheycallmeLilysometimes.
④IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
⑤DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MiLihurriedoff.
⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.