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英語(yǔ)句子成分入門[1]1

英語(yǔ)句子成分入門[1]1 | 樓主 | 2017-07-08 21:29:00 共有2個(gè)回復(fù)
  1. 1英語(yǔ)句子成分入門[1]1
  2. 2英語(yǔ)入門句子成分

如練習(xí)試找出下列句子的主語(yǔ),如練習(xí)試找出下列句子的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),七狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞或整個(gè)句子,同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起,答案一指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分。

英語(yǔ)句子成分入門[1]12017-07-08 21:27:50 | #1樓回目錄

句子成份

英語(yǔ)在其長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展過程中形成了一種相對(duì)固定的句子結(jié)構(gòu),即:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是句子的話題,而謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)話題所作的說明。兩者構(gòu)成了句子的主要成份,是一個(gè)句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外,還包括表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)六種次要成分,可根據(jù)句子的需要可有可無(wú)。

一、主語(yǔ):句子的主體,全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由名詞、主格代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)任,在陳述句中常置于句首。主語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。

如:Ilikefootball.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的主語(yǔ):

1)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2)ThecapitalofFranceisPairs.

3)Wehavefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.4)Oursisagreatcountry.

5)Thesecondisbetterthanthefirst.6)Seeingisbelieving.

7)John’snothavingbeentrainedasadancerishisoneregret.8)TostudyEnglishwellisveryimportantforacollegestudentnow.

9)Whathesaidisnottrue.

10)Studyhardandmakeprogreeveryday.

二、謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述,說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)等。謂語(yǔ)通常由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組來(lái)充當(dāng)。如:Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ):

1)HestudiedinBritainfor3years.2)Ididn’twatchthemovielastnight.

3)Nowstudentsarepayingmoreattentiontopronunciation.4)Theylived,ateandworkedtogetherwiththeworkersformorethanamonth.

5)Everymeanshasbeentriedwithoutanyeffect.

6)Youshouldn'thaveopenedherletter.7)Weusedtoteachinthesameschool.8)Youdidn'thavetogothereinperson.9)Heissaidtohavebeentomanycountries.10)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.

三、表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞之后。如:Helooksveryyoung.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的表語(yǔ):

1)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.2)Youarethefirstinthecompetition.3)Ourcampusisverybeautifulinspring.

4)Thetemperatureisdownabout10degreestoday.5)Allthestudentsareintheclassroomwaitingforyou.6)Ourplanistohavepicnicthisweekend.

7)Thestudentsgotveryexcitedwatchingthefootballgame.8)Thefilmwasverymoving.9)Herfirstjobwassellingshoes.

10)Oursuggestionisthatyougiveupsmokingforthesakeofyourhealth.

四、賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者。賓語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語(yǔ)分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如:Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ):

1)Wewillstudyanewlessonnextweek.2)Heoftenhelpsmeinmystudy.

3)Chinawonthefirstinthenumberofgoldmedalsatthe14thAsianGames.

4).Idon'tthinkIcanfollowyou.

5)Canyoutelluswhetherhewillcome?

6)Tellthemwheretheyshouldputthemachines.

7)Whateverdifficultieshemet,hewouldgetridofthem.8)Respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung.

9)Theyavoidedtalkingaboutthesubjectatthemeeting.10)Theyofferedtohelpuswhenwewereindifficulties.

五、定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。如:Guilinisabeautifulcity.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的定語(yǔ):

1)Nowadays,wehaveatwo-dayweekend,sowehavemoresparetime.

2)Themanspeakingatthemeetingisthechairmanofourdepartment.

1

3)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.

4)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.5)HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.

6)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.7)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.

8)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.

六、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中為了使句子意義完整,需要對(duì)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,這就是補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)充說明主語(yǔ)的稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

如:Wechosehimourmonitor.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):

1)Ioftenfindhimreadinginthelibrary.2)Heisoftenfoundreadinginthelibrary.3)HisfathernamedhimDongming.4)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.

5)Letthefreshairin.

6)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.7)Wesawherenteringtheroom.

8)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.

七、狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。一般包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、程度狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和目的狀語(yǔ)。

如:Tomorrowwewillvisitthemuseum.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的狀語(yǔ):

1)WeusuallyhaveEnglishclassesinthelanguagelab.2)Ourteachersteachusverypatiently.

3)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.

4)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

5)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.

6)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.

八、同位語(yǔ):一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限定或說明,這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起。

如:Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的同位語(yǔ):

1)Hisdinner,eggsandvegetables,issimple.2)Threepersons—you,heandI—willhavetomaintainthisbigfamily.

3)TheDiamond,thebest-knownrestaurantintown,isnotfaraway.

4)Youmayaskanyone—him,herorme.

5)Theyinvitedourfamily—father,motherandme—totheircountry-house.

6)Atthenews,Ifeltashamedforusofficials.

練習(xí)題:選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenownow

()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicely()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latest()5.Theactor______ http://www.zzlgroo.com adB.diedC.dyed()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://www.zzlgroo.com ,weC.We,our()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowded()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.that()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhich

2

D.Themanishere

http://www.zzlgroo.com adedD.We,weD.crowdedlyD.thatisD.waslookedD.where

答案:1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)(~):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)(—)、狀語(yǔ)(=)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(~):

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.

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英語(yǔ)入門句子成分2017-07-08 21:26:33 | #2樓回目錄

英語(yǔ)入門學(xué)案--句子成分

英語(yǔ)入門--句子成分;簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句學(xué)案

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分

有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名

詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定

式)

(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂

語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfor

twoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞

及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)

Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)

Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)

(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語(yǔ)從句)

賓語(yǔ)種類:(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)

復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容

詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)

Letthefreshairin.(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))

(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)?捎梢

下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語(yǔ))

Waitaminute.(名詞)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)

狀語(yǔ)種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語(yǔ))

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語(yǔ))

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語(yǔ))

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語(yǔ))

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語(yǔ))

Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語(yǔ))

練習(xí)一

一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)(~):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannels

todifferentpartsofthegarden.

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