如練習(xí)試找出下列句子的主語(yǔ),如練習(xí)試找出下列句子的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),七狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞或整個(gè)句子,同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起,答案一指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分。
英語(yǔ)句子成分入門[1]1
句子成份
英語(yǔ)在其長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展過程中形成了一種相對(duì)固定的句子結(jié)構(gòu),即:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是句子的話題,而謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)話題所作的說明。兩者構(gòu)成了句子的主要成份,是一個(gè)句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外,還包括表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)六種次要成分,可根據(jù)句子的需要可有可無(wú)。
一、主語(yǔ):句子的主體,全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由名詞、主格代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)任,在陳述句中常置于句首。主語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。
如:Ilikefootball.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的主語(yǔ):
1)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2)ThecapitalofFranceisPairs.
3)Wehavefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.4)Oursisagreatcountry.
5)Thesecondisbetterthanthefirst.6)Seeingisbelieving.
7)John’snothavingbeentrainedasadancerishisoneregret.8)TostudyEnglishwellisveryimportantforacollegestudentnow.
9)Whathesaidisnottrue.
10)Studyhardandmakeprogreeveryday.
二、謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述,說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)等。謂語(yǔ)通常由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組來(lái)充當(dāng)。如:Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ):
1)HestudiedinBritainfor3years.2)Ididn’twatchthemovielastnight.
3)Nowstudentsarepayingmoreattentiontopronunciation.4)Theylived,ateandworkedtogetherwiththeworkersformorethanamonth.
5)Everymeanshasbeentriedwithoutanyeffect.
6)Youshouldn'thaveopenedherletter.7)Weusedtoteachinthesameschool.8)Youdidn'thavetogothereinperson.9)Heissaidtohavebeentomanycountries.10)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.
三、表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞之后。如:Helooksveryyoung.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的表語(yǔ):
1)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.2)Youarethefirstinthecompetition.3)Ourcampusisverybeautifulinspring.
4)Thetemperatureisdownabout10degreestoday.5)Allthestudentsareintheclassroomwaitingforyou.6)Ourplanistohavepicnicthisweekend.
7)Thestudentsgotveryexcitedwatchingthefootballgame.8)Thefilmwasverymoving.9)Herfirstjobwassellingshoes.
10)Oursuggestionisthatyougiveupsmokingforthesakeofyourhealth.
四、賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者。賓語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語(yǔ)分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ):
1)Wewillstudyanewlessonnextweek.2)Heoftenhelpsmeinmystudy.
3)Chinawonthefirstinthenumberofgoldmedalsatthe14thAsianGames.
4).Idon'tthinkIcanfollowyou.
5)Canyoutelluswhetherhewillcome?
6)Tellthemwheretheyshouldputthemachines.
7)Whateverdifficultieshemet,hewouldgetridofthem.8)Respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung.
9)Theyavoidedtalkingaboutthesubjectatthemeeting.10)Theyofferedtohelpuswhenwewereindifficulties.
五、定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。如:Guilinisabeautifulcity.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的定語(yǔ):
1)Nowadays,wehaveatwo-dayweekend,sowehavemoresparetime.
2)Themanspeakingatthemeetingisthechairmanofourdepartment.
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3)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.
4)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.5)HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.
6)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.7)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
8)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
六、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中為了使句子意義完整,需要對(duì)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,這就是補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)充說明主語(yǔ)的稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
如:Wechosehimourmonitor.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):
1)Ioftenfindhimreadinginthelibrary.2)Heisoftenfoundreadinginthelibrary.3)HisfathernamedhimDongming.4)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
5)Letthefreshairin.
6)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.7)Wesawherenteringtheroom.
8)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
七、狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。一般包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、程度狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和目的狀語(yǔ)。
如:Tomorrowwewillvisitthemuseum.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的狀語(yǔ):
1)WeusuallyhaveEnglishclassesinthelanguagelab.2)Ourteachersteachusverypatiently.
3)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.
4)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.
5)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.
6)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.
八、同位語(yǔ):一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限定或說明,這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起。
如:Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.練習(xí):試找出下列句子的同位語(yǔ):
1)Hisdinner,eggsandvegetables,issimple.2)Threepersons—you,heandI—willhavetomaintainthisbigfamily.
3)TheDiamond,thebest-knownrestaurantintown,isnotfaraway.
4)Youmayaskanyone—him,herorme.
5)Theyinvitedourfamily—father,motherandme—totheircountry-house.
6)Atthenews,Ifeltashamedforusofficials.
練習(xí)題:選擇填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenownow
()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicely()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latest()5.Theactor______ http://www.zzlgroo.com adB.diedC.dyed()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://www.zzlgroo.com ,weC.We,our()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowded()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.that()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhich
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D.Themanishere
http://www.zzlgroo.com adedD.We,weD.crowdedlyD.thatisD.waslookedD.where
答案:1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)(—)、狀語(yǔ)(=)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
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英語(yǔ)入門句子成分
英語(yǔ)入門學(xué)案--句子成分
英語(yǔ)入門--句子成分;簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句學(xué)案
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分
有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名
詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定
式)
(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂
語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfor
twoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞
及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)
Isityours?(代詞)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)
Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)
(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
賓語(yǔ)種類:(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)
復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容
詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)
Letthefreshairin.(副詞)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)
(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))
(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)?捎梢
下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語(yǔ))
Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)種類如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語(yǔ))
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語(yǔ))
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語(yǔ))
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語(yǔ))
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語(yǔ))
Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語(yǔ))
練習(xí)一
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannels
todifferentpartsofthegarden.