什么是地震上雙語(yǔ)閱讀

　　Earthquakes also called temblors, can be so tremendously destructive, it’s hard to imagine they occur by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.

　　地震的另一個(gè)表達(dá)是“temblors”，是有可能造成極大破壞力的災(zāi)難。但其實(shí)你知道嗎？世界上各個(gè)角落每天都在發(fā)生著的小型地震多到難以計(jì)數(shù)。

　　Some 80 percent of all the planet’s earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the "Ring of Fire" because of the preponderance of volcanic activity there as well. Most earthquakes occur at fault zones, where tectonic plates—giant rock slabs that make up the Earth’s upper layer—collide or slide against each other. These impacts are usually gradual and unnoticeable on the surface; however, immense stress can build up between plates. When this stress is released quickly, it sends massive vibrations, called seismic waves, often hundreds of miles through the rock and up to the surface. Other quakes can occur far from faults zones when plates are stretched or squeezed.

　　世界上80%的地震和火山發(fā)生在環(huán)太平洋火山地震帶上。大多數(shù)地震發(fā)生在斷層帶——也就是大陸板塊的交界處，當(dāng)兩塊板塊移動(dòng)相撞的時(shí)候就會(huì)引發(fā)地震或火山爆發(fā)這類地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。盡管我們并無法感覺到板塊之間碰撞力量的.積聚，但是當(dāng)板塊摩擦力量積聚到一定程度的時(shí)候就會(huì)引起迅速的釋放。當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生的時(shí)候，地震波會(huì)通過巖石從數(shù)百里外傳達(dá)到地表引起振動(dòng)。而不發(fā)生在斷層帶上的地震則屬于另一類地震，它們是由板塊擴(kuò)張或壓縮所引起的。 wｗw.ExamＷ.CoM

　　Scientists assign a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic waves. A quake measuring 3 to 5 is considered minor or light; 5 to 7 is moderate to strong; 7 to 8 is major; and 8 or more is great.

　　根據(jù)地震的強(qiáng)度和地震波的輻射范圍，科學(xué)家把地震分成不同的級(jí)別：3-5級(jí)是輕震，5-7級(jí)是中級(jí)強(qiáng)度，7-8級(jí)被定義為大地震，8級(jí)以上就是特大地震了。

　　On average, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year and some 10,000 people die in earthquakes annually. Collapsing buildings claim by far the majority of lives, but the destruction is often compounded by mud slides, fires, floods, or tsunamis. Smaller temblors that usually occur in the days following a large earthquake can complicate rescue efforts and cause further death and destruction.

　　一般來說，每年都會(huì)發(fā)生一次八級(jí)地震，而年均地震死亡人數(shù)也會(huì)在1萬人的樣子。地震引起的房屋倒塌通常造成了絕大多數(shù)的傷亡，而地震帶來的危害卻不止于此，還包括由此引發(fā)的泥石流、火災(zāi)、洪災(zāi)和海嘯。在一次大地震過后的數(shù)日里總是會(huì)發(fā)生一些規(guī)模稍小的余震，有的余震也同樣會(huì)造成傷亡。

　　Loss of life can be avoided through emergency planning, education, and the construction of buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake.

　　想要減少地震傷亡，一方面可以通過實(shí)施緊急預(yù)案和地震知識(shí)普及教育，另一方面，提高房屋的抗震系數(shù)也顯得同樣重要：因?yàn)楦呖拐鹣禂?shù)的建筑物可以在地震來襲之時(shí)搖而不倒。

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