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聽(tīng)力

英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力改革分析與對(duì)策

時(shí)間:2025-03-21 20:37:29 聽(tīng)力 我要投稿

英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力改革分析與對(duì)策

  新改革的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試中,聽(tīng)力和閱讀部分依然占據(jù)很高的分?jǐn)?shù)比例,以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力改革分析與對(duì)策,供大家閱讀參考。

英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力改革分析與對(duì)策

  改革前的四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力(30分鐘):

測(cè)試內(nèi)容

題型

題量

分值比例

對(duì)話

短對(duì)話

選擇題

(單選)

8題

8%

每題1分

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話

選擇題

(單選)

7題

7%

每題1分

短文

短文

理解

選擇題

(單選)

10題

10%

每題1分

短文

聽(tīng)寫(xiě)

單詞及詞組聽(tīng)寫(xiě)

10空

10%

每題1分

  注:四六級(jí)題型相同,只是六級(jí)短文篇幅略長(zhǎng)、朗讀語(yǔ)速稍快。

改革后的四級(jí)聽(tīng)力(25分鐘):

測(cè)試內(nèi)容

題型

題量

分值比例

新聞報(bào)道

3段

選擇題

(單選)

7題

7%

每題1分

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話

2篇

選擇題

(單選)

8題

8%

每題1分

短文理解

3篇

選擇題

(單選)

10題

20%

每題2分

  變化:

  新增新聞報(bào)道;

  取消短對(duì)話;

  取消短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě);

  短文理解分值增加;

  時(shí)間縮短了5分鐘。

改革后的六級(jí)聽(tīng)力(30分鐘):

測(cè)試內(nèi)容

題型

題量

分值比例

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話

2篇

選擇題

(單選)

8題

8%

每題1分

短文理解

2篇

選擇題

(單選)

7題

7%

每題1分

講座/報(bào)告

3篇

選擇題

(單選)

10題

20%

每題2分

  變化:

  取消短對(duì)話,保留長(zhǎng)對(duì)話;

  短文理解減為2篇;

  一、取消短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě),新增講座/報(bào)告,且分值很高。

  如此大刀闊斧,據(jù)說(shuō)是“為了適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)下社會(huì)對(duì)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力能力需求的變化,進(jìn)一步提高聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的效度”。難了?易了?福兮禍兮?我們暫時(shí)放下改革帶來(lái)的恐慌和新年帶來(lái)的興奮,平心靜氣地分析一下:  一

  取消聽(tīng)寫(xiě),整體難度降低

  中國(guó)學(xué)生最擅長(zhǎng)的,就是做選擇題。A-B-C-D,有時(shí)蒙也能蒙對(duì)四分之一甚至一半;而單詞拼寫(xiě),是很多學(xué)生的“滑鐵盧”,普遍問(wèn)題是“眼高手低”。在聽(tīng)力中就是“耳”高手低:能聽(tīng)懂一句話或一個(gè)詞,但不會(huì)拼寫(xiě)或一寫(xiě)就錯(cuò)。如果你把past寫(xiě)成passed,freshman寫(xiě)成freshmen,countdown寫(xiě)為come down,respective寫(xiě)為respectful…… 對(duì)不起,一律沒(méi)分!

  短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)最能檢驗(yàn)一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)基本功。如今短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)被取消,無(wú)異于根除了考生的一大障礙。獲取四六級(jí)證書(shū)的道路上,少了一個(gè)攔路虎(a lion in the way)。

  附帶說(shuō)一句,折磨考生十余年的短對(duì)話,終于退出了四六級(jí)考試的歷史舞臺(tái)。

  愛(ài)過(guò)。

  二、新聞報(bào)道,四級(jí)聽(tīng)力新秀

  新題型、新面孔,偏偏在聽(tīng)力理解中打頭陣,的確給了考生一個(gè)下馬威。

  新聞報(bào)道,是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)中的元老級(jí)題型,不幸在前不久(2015年8月)的專(zhuān)四題型改革中被“革”掉了。沒(méi)想到,該題型卻在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)中重獲新生。當(dāng)然,其難度比專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)要低很多。一是語(yǔ)速較慢,二是每題后的暫停有15秒,而專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)中每題暫停5秒。

  換個(gè)角度看,新聞聽(tīng)力也算是短文聽(tīng)力,只是篇幅比“短文”更短——短文每篇長(zhǎng)度為220-250詞,而新聞長(zhǎng)度為130-190詞(根據(jù)樣題中三篇新聞統(tǒng)計(jì))。每篇新聞后跟著兩三道題,多是考察新聞的六要素,即5W1H——When/Where/Who/What/Why和How。這些細(xì)節(jié)題客觀真實(shí),卷面所見(jiàn)與耳中所聽(tīng)一致;不必再像原來(lái)的短對(duì)話一樣,要根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)調(diào)和口氣做出推理判斷。這是令人放心的一個(gè)變化。

  那么,該如何準(zhǔn)備這一題型呢?

  1、掌握新聞?wù)Z篇的特點(diǎn)

  倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu):也稱(chēng)“倒三角”結(jié)構(gòu),其顯著特征是“頭重腳輕”,就是把新聞中最重要的事實(shí)放在最前面,再以重要性遞減的順序來(lái)安排事實(shí)或材料。所以,開(kāi)頭的“導(dǎo)語(yǔ)”(news lead)是整個(gè)新聞的精華,考試中聽(tīng)懂前面一二句,就能抓住新聞的主旨或要素,如:

  Chinese President Xi Jinping left Beijing on Sunday afternoon by special plane for a three-day state visit to the United State sat the invitation of American President Barack Obama. (應(yīng)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克的邀請(qǐng),中國(guó)國(guó)家主席于周日下午乘專(zhuān)機(jī)離開(kāi)北京,對(duì)美國(guó)進(jìn)行為期三天的國(guó)事訪問(wèn)。)

  這句導(dǎo)語(yǔ)不算很長(zhǎng),但信息量很大,竟然囊括了新聞的5W1H:

  When——on Sunday afternoon

  Where——Beijing(airport)

  Who——Chinese President Xi Jinping

  What——Xi Jinping left Beijing

  Why——for a seven-day state visit to the United States

  How——by special plane

  整句話只有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞left,其余信息全憑幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介詞(on, by, for, to, at, of)聯(lián)綴在一起;钣眯≡~,善用介詞,也是新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)的一個(gè)特色。

  2、注意新聞的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)

  新聞報(bào)道常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(如下文中的police say和eyewitnesses report)敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,給人以真實(shí)感。請(qǐng)看樣題中的第一條新聞,順便注意一下答案與原文詞句的對(duì)應(yīng):

  Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.

  The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier,Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.

  (試卷上看不到問(wèn)題,只有選項(xiàng)。)

  What is the news report mainly about?

  A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.

  B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.

  C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.

  D) Blasts set off by a Somali group inUganda’s capital.

  When did the incident occur?

  A) On Christmas Eve.

  B) Just before midnight.

  C) During a security check.

  D) In the small hours of the morning.

  第一題是主旨題,抓住新聞的第一句話,就能找到答案B;第二題是細(xì)節(jié)題,新聞中提到overnight,during a security check,Christmas-time等相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié),但最吻合的是選項(xiàng)C。細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵在于找“題點(diǎn)”:預(yù)先瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,有利于捕捉新聞中相應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié),找到與問(wèn)題對(duì)應(yīng)的正確答案。

  3、多聽(tīng)多讀,積累詞匯

  功夫在平時(shí),水到渠自成。既然“冰凍三尺非一日之寒”,那么四級(jí)過(guò)關(guān)也非一月之功。

  一是多聽(tīng)新聞報(bào)道,如慢速的VOA Special English (特別英語(yǔ))、常速的BBC News、超快的AP News Minute(美聯(lián)社新聞一分鐘)。四級(jí)新聞的朗讀速度比較慢,非常接近下面這條新聞報(bào)道。請(qǐng)耐心試聽(tīng)兩分鐘,順便做一下5個(gè)選擇題。題干已給,可以邊聽(tīng)邊做:

  2:47

  新聞聽(tīng)力

  1. Ken Banks does a lot of work in ____.

  A. Asia

  B. Africa

  C. Europe

  2. The United Nations has said that being able to access the Internet is a basic human ______.

  A. need

  B. right

  C. wish

  3. The park couldn’t contact the people via the Internet because they ____.

  A. don’t like the Internet

  B. prefer cell phones

  C. have no access to the Internet

  4. Ken Banks’ software is used in ____ countries.

  A. over 17

  B. over 70

  C. less than 17

  5. The purpose of this news report is to ____.

  A. promote FrontlineSMS

  B. introduce Ken Banks and what he has done

  C. call people’s attention to African countries

  你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),題目的設(shè)計(jì)順序與新聞的報(bào)道順序高度一致。聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中,等著捕捉空缺的細(xì)節(jié)即可。

  上述答案“B.B.C.B.B”。你都選對(duì)了嗎?

  更多英語(yǔ)新聞聽(tīng)力練習(xí)材料,登入網(wǎng)址查看:http://www.unipus.cn/sub_lesson/3.1.1.php

  二是閱覽英文報(bào)紙,如China Daily(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)英文版)和21st Century(二十一世紀(jì)英文報(bào)),擴(kuò)大詞匯量。表面上是為了迎戰(zhàn)占全卷僅7%的新聞聽(tīng)力,其實(shí)無(wú)形中提高了自身的綜合能力:聽(tīng)新聞提高聽(tīng)力,讀報(bào)紙?zhí)岣唛喿x,同時(shí)能了解天下大事。一舉多得。

  俗話說(shuō),好記性不如爛筆頭。多聽(tīng)多讀之外,最好能夠準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)筆記本,把平時(shí)閱讀、聽(tīng)力練習(xí)中遇到的新聞詞匯記下來(lái),點(diǎn)滴積累,定期復(fù)習(xí),詞匯量定能大增。也可從網(wǎng)上搜到別人整理好的新聞詞匯。如:

  外交方面:Sino-US relations(中美關(guān)系),mutual benefit(互惠互利);

  經(jīng)濟(jì)方面:sustainable development(可持續(xù)發(fā)展),green recovery(綠色復(fù)蘇);

  戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方面:cease-fire(;);peace-keeping forces(維和部隊(duì));

  環(huán)保方面:ecological balance(生態(tài)平衡),extinction of species(物種滅絕);

  體育方面:penalty kick(罰球),three to nothing(比分3:0)……

  鑒于篇幅有限,四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力中的長(zhǎng)對(duì)話與短文理解是舊題型,在此不再贅述;唯一需提醒的是,四級(jí)短文理解的分值比例提升為20%。下面簡(jiǎn)要分析六級(jí)新題型——講座/報(bào)告(lectures or talks)。

  三、講座報(bào)告,六級(jí)壓軸大題

  講座/報(bào)告作為六級(jí)聽(tīng)力中的壓軸部分,值得考生格外重視:

  1) 分值高:10個(gè)選擇題,占全卷20%的分值,占聽(tīng)力部分一多半的分值;

  2) 篇幅長(zhǎng):文章約350—450詞,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)長(zhǎng)于短文聽(tīng)力(240-270詞);

  3) 內(nèi)容深:內(nèi)容專(zhuān)業(yè)性強(qiáng),題材廣泛,甚至涉及到我們完全陌生的研究領(lǐng)域。

  下面以一篇樣題“電子商務(wù)產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的性質(zhì)”為例:

  I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.

  Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio.【Q23】 Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.

  ……

  Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.

  Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component.【Q24】Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.

  There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours【Q25】and those without their own transport.

  23 What is important to the success of an online store?

  A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.

  B) The huge volume of its annual sales.

  C) The service it provides to its customers.

  D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.

  24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?

  A) Those having a taste or smell component.

  B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.

  C) Those that require very careful handling.

  D) Services involving a personal element.

  25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?

  A) Those who live in the virtual world.

  B) Those who have to work long hours.

  C) Those who are used to online transactions.

  D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.

  瀏覽答案和原文可以發(fā)現(xiàn),所有問(wèn)題的答案都能在原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)句(劃線部分),幾乎不需要什么邏輯推理。所以,表面“高大上”的講座/報(bào)告,其實(shí)只需要你邊聽(tīng)邊“等”答案,即“聽(tīng)到什么選什么”,選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有提到的多半信息,不用細(xì)心理會(huì)。

  另外,講座/報(bào)告都有大體固定的套路,出題套路也比較穩(wěn)定,與托福聽(tīng)力相仿。比如上面這篇講座:第一段是主題段,接著幾段講適合網(wǎng)售的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),倒數(shù)第二段是不適合網(wǎng)售的產(chǎn)品,最后一段補(bǔ)充例外情況,“exceptions, though”是關(guān)鍵的轉(zhuǎn)折詞。正文三層意思,正好對(duì)應(yīng)三個(gè)問(wèn)題。

  如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種題型?先從四六級(jí)主頁(yè)上找到完整的樣題——有條件的就打印下來(lái)——仔細(xì)研讀幾遍。然后有針對(duì)性地找相關(guān)聽(tīng)力素材練習(xí)。網(wǎng)上有很多小型英文講座,比如廣受世界網(wǎng)友喜愛(ài)的TED演講,就是練聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)知識(shí)的絕佳素材。TED演講的特點(diǎn)是毫無(wú)繁雜冗長(zhǎng)的專(zhuān)業(yè)講座,觀點(diǎn)響亮,開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,種類(lèi)繁多,看法新穎。

  四、考場(chǎng)應(yīng)戰(zhàn)建議

  1、保持鎮(zhèn)定

  四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力考試中,無(wú)論對(duì)付什么題型,心里保持鎮(zhèn)定自若至關(guān)重要!一緊張腦子發(fā)蒙,該聽(tīng)懂的也聽(tīng)不懂了。所以,記住富蘭克林·羅斯福的那句名言:“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

  2、超前意識(shí)

  無(wú)論什么聽(tīng)力題型,考試中做到“預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)、預(yù)測(cè)題意”。充分利用寫(xiě)作文剩余的兩三分鐘,或者聽(tīng)力試音和朗讀題型指令的兩三分鐘“黃金時(shí)間”,預(yù)覽每一題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)再根據(jù)選項(xiàng)猜測(cè)語(yǔ)篇的主旨和問(wèn)題。這樣在聽(tīng)短文或講座時(shí),就可以有的放矢,準(zhǔn)確地捕捉關(guān)鍵信息。提示一下:磁帶中朗讀完Section A/B/C三部分的Directions,累計(jì)需要大約四分鐘,這寶貴的四分鐘足夠讓預(yù)覽全部25個(gè)題的選項(xiàng)。

  3、大局意識(shí)

  聽(tīng)力理解的三部分分值有輕有重,如果預(yù)覽的時(shí)間緊迫,那就重點(diǎn)確保第三部分——四級(jí)的短文理解和六級(jí)的講座報(bào)告。因?yàn)檫@部分的分值最高,一個(gè)題相當(dāng)于一二部分的兩個(gè)題。這叫“舍卒保帥”。在預(yù)覽預(yù)測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,再加上每道題有15秒暫停,足以讓你找到答案了。萬(wàn)一遇到非常陌生的語(yǔ)篇,聽(tīng)得一頭霧水,難以確定答案,那就果斷放棄,超前準(zhǔn)備下一題或下一個(gè)語(yǔ)篇。這叫“舍得”,有舍就有得!切不可猶豫不決,因小失大。等聽(tīng)力結(jié)束后,再給剛才放棄的題目猜一個(gè)答案。

  看到這里,你是放心了?還是更擔(dān)心了?其實(shí),大家都不用擔(dān)心。

  早在1934年,老舍先生就在《考而不死是為神》一文中給你鼓氣:“考試制度還是最好的制度。被考死的自然無(wú)須用提。假若考而不死,你放膽活下去吧,這已明明告訴你,你是十世童男轉(zhuǎn)身!

  總體而言,聽(tīng)力改革是件好事——

  改革,使得四六級(jí)考題與時(shí)俱進(jìn),青春常在。

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