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英語四級改錯題考點:謂語動詞
謂語動詞指在句子中充當謂語的動詞,有行為動詞,系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞等幾種,其中行為動詞又包括及物動詞和不及物動詞。 謂語動詞是與非謂語動詞相對應的概念.兩者都是動詞,但是前者是作謂語成分,后者不能作謂語成分.而謂語成分就是用來說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)的,一般由動詞或短語動詞承擔.
一、 謂語動詞的主謂一致
、、主謂分割原則
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析:C錯,應改為symbolizes。主語謂語用逗號分割開,主語the bald eagle為單數(shù),謂語動詞也應該用單數(shù)形式。
、、與后者一致原則
not…but, 強調(diào)but后面的名詞,
not only…but also
、、與前者一致原則
名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復數(shù)名詞,謂語用is,
中心詞在前面,謂語動詞應該與前面的名詞保持一致
例:The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析:D錯,與謂語動詞與the athlete 保持一致,改為is
、、就近原則
or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數(shù)名詞+or+復數(shù)名詞+are
如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧,也就是把be動詞提到前面,那么變?yōu)閕s
所以注意一點: 如果是陳述句,靠后面近,用復數(shù)
如果是疑問句,靠前面近,用單數(shù)
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析:A錯,應改為and。從謂語動詞是復數(shù)形式判斷,主語應該為復數(shù),or連接兩個名詞時動詞和后面的名詞保持一致,behavior是用單數(shù)形式,因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數(shù)上保持一致。
、荻ㄕZ從句主語就近原則
There are five apples that are red.
apples是復數(shù),因此從句謂語動詞是復數(shù)。
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析:D錯,應改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語a supply為單數(shù),其謂語動詞應為單數(shù)形式。
、辴he +形容詞主謂一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類人,應該用復數(shù)
⑦、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況:
a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞,那么最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞,名詞其實是主語,所以be和名詞保持一致
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析:there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式,society當然用單數(shù),A錯,there are 改為there is
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析:倒裝句,are改為is
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析:D錯,應改為films , 主語實際上是名詞,應該與謂語動詞保持一致。
⑧、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞
謂語動詞的形式和百分比多少沒有關系,主要取決于后面的名詞,比如:
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這里要強調(diào)兩個結(jié)構(gòu)
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數(shù)名詞 + are
most of + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析:C錯,應改為have been。介詞of的賓語為復數(shù)名詞短語,作主語的中心詞half當然表復數(shù),相應的謂語動詞應為復數(shù)形式。
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析:A錯,應改為packages。從謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式判斷出主語是復數(shù)名詞。注意food用復數(shù)表示不同種類的食品,beverage用復數(shù)表示不同種類的飲料,故(C)、(D)均沒有錯
二、謂語動詞的時態(tài)
①、主要考察時間狀語
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
A B C D
分析:Metal, aluminum同位語,in the nineteenth century為明顯表示過去時間的狀語, 因此應該用過去時態(tài),把has been改為was
②、For和since的區(qū)別
區(qū)別一:For 后面使用時間段,since 后面使用時間點
區(qū)別二:Since 只能用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),F(xiàn)or 最主要用在現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時
I has been a teacher for three years.
I has been a teacher since 1996.
I was a teacher for three years. 這種表達可以,for three years表示一段時間,was 表示過去做了三年,現(xiàn)在不是老師了
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
A B
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
分析:A錯,應改 In. since一般要求主句用完成時態(tài),而句中謂語動詞為過去式,其時間狀語應與之呼應,故改Since為In。
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
分析:D錯,應改為for。since引導時間狀語時,主句謂語動詞為一般完成時;主句謂語動詞為一般過去時要用介詞for;而且一段時間用for, 而不是since。
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
A B C D
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