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雅思寫(xiě)作中詞匯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳解
從語(yǔ)法詞匯角度分析， 為什么雅思寫(xiě)作7分，可望而不可及?很多童鞋雅思都會(huì)卡在寫(xiě)作上，大部分學(xué)校都要求單科不能低于6，而寫(xiě)作千年5.5，還有學(xué)生想要4個(gè)7，而寫(xiě)作也是考了n次都差那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。我們今天從語(yǔ)法和詞匯的角度分析一下，寫(xiě)作6分，7分的詞匯語(yǔ)法到底應(yīng)該是什么樣的。下面是小編精心整理的雅思寫(xiě)作中詞匯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳解，僅供參考，大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
雅思寫(xiě)作中詞匯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
lexical resource
官方給出的7分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
*uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision
*uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation
*may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and /or word formation
*
官方給出的6分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
*uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task
*attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy
*makes some errors in spelling and /or word formation, but they do not impede communication
同六分詞匯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，7 分多了兩個(gè)要求： flexibility (靈活性) and precision (準(zhǔn)確性)。靈活性暗示我們?cè)谧魑闹幸O(shè)置同意替換詞 。比如， 第一段寫(xiě)了developing countries, 第二段就可以用these nations, 第三段可以用poor regions
準(zhǔn)確性 指在該題目下貼切的，核心的詞匯 。比如政府話題寫(xiě)出welffare 福利一詞，環(huán)保話題寫(xiě)出environmental-friendly 一詞。
7分和6分同時(shí)要求：要有l(wèi)ess common lexical items, 不普通的，含義較深刻的詞匯。比如undermine ( v. 逐漸破壞)代替damage; 用dilemma 代替problem。用的好不好，地道不地道，是否注意到了style( 文體) 和 collocation (搭配)決定了是6還是7.
所以在寫(xiě)作中，詞匯在準(zhǔn)確使用的基礎(chǔ)上，我們一定要注意設(shè)置同意替換詞。在練習(xí)時(shí)我們就要不斷積累同意替換詞，在經(jīng)常使用的單詞上多想想，還可以替換什么樣的詞和表達(dá)方式。
給出一些寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的一些同意替換詞：
人們 people /the public /individuals /citizens
年輕?the young /juvenile /youth /teenager
年人 the old / the elderly /senior citizens / the aged
競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手/rivals /competitor /opponent /adversary /contender
特點(diǎn),特征 trait /feature /attribute /characteristic /quality
結(jié)果,后果 outcome /result /consequence
缺乏,缺少 lack /shortage /insufficiency
標(biāo)準(zhǔn),基準(zhǔn) benchmark /standard /criteria
大量的 a lot of /enormous /plenty of
可行的,可操作的 practical /feasible /workable /usable
重要的 important /essential /crucial /critical /key /pivotal
產(chǎn)生,造成 produce /generate /create /trigger /pose /engender
解決,處理 solve /settle /tackle /handle /cope with
使用,利用 use /utilize /employ /exploit /harness
支持,資助 support /sponsor /back up /subsidize /finance
提高,推動(dòng),加強(qiáng) improve /promote /enhance /strengthen /facilitate /boost
改變,轉(zhuǎn)變 change /shift /alter /transform /convert
重視,強(qiáng)調(diào) highlight /emphasis /underline /underscore pay/draw attention to
忽視,輕視 ignore /neglect /overlook /underestimate
雅思寫(xiě)作中語(yǔ)法評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
grammar range and accuracy
7 7分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：使用多種多樣的復(fù)合句
*use a variety of complex structures
*produces frequent error-free sentences
*has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
(那么什么算是a variety of 呢?3種以上才稱得上 a variety of,所以寫(xiě)作中要寫(xiě)出4種以上不同的從句。 劍橋書(shū)后的考官范文，平均每篇12 句話，2句話是簡(jiǎn)單句，2句話是并列句，其余8句都是各種從句)
6分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句的混合使用
*uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
*makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication
英文句式：簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句， 限制性定語(yǔ)從句=分詞做定語(yǔ)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句)， 狀語(yǔ)從句=分詞做狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，倒裝句，插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)， 雙重否定表肯定結(jié)構(gòu)
在寫(xiě)作中，我們要熟練，正確，恰當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)用多種句式與結(jié)構(gòu)。 當(dāng)然除了句式我們還有時(shí)態(tài)，準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)在簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句中。
我們從一些例句中，學(xué)習(xí)一下語(yǔ)法句式可以如何轉(zhuǎn)換。
1.With the rapid development of economy, the environment has been deteriorated . (主+謂的簡(jiǎn)單句)
= As the economy develops rapidly, the environment has been deteriorated. (as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
2. Experts suggest the government to take down the old buildings in the urban center in order to improve the city image. (主 +謂+ 賓+賓補(bǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句)
= Experts suggest that the government should tear down urban old buildings in order to enhance the image of this city. (that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)
3. People who live in the city could enjoy enormous living benefits.(定語(yǔ)從句)
= People living in the city could enjoy enormous living benefits. (現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ))
4. The money which was spent on wild animals protection should have been used to improve human lives . (定語(yǔ)從句)
=The money spent on wild animal protection should have been used to improve human lives. (過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ))
5. Space exploration is by no means inexpensive. It could exert heavy financial burden on the government. (兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句)
= Space exploration, which is by no means inexpensive, could exert heavy financial burden on the government. (非限定性定語(yǔ)從句)
6. Some people think that the advantages of studying abroad overweigh its disadvantages. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
= Some people hold the belief that the benefits of studying abroad outweigh its drawbacks. (同位語(yǔ)從句)
7. = When the hotline was put into use in April, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
=Put into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.( 分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
8.Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (原因狀語(yǔ)從句)
=Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ))
9. The factories near the living quarters emit plenty of toxic gas and pollute the environment. (簡(jiǎn)單句)
=The factories near the living quarters emit plenty of toxic gas, polluting the environment. 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)
10. Spring came on, and the trees turned green. (并列句)
= when spring came on, the trees turned green .(. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
=Spring coming on, the trees turned green. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
11.I seldom visited my grandparents with my patents since i lived in a different city.(簡(jiǎn)單句)
=Seldom did I visit my grandparents with my patents since I lived in a different city. (倒裝句)
14.I understand that you love me best in the world only through this crisis.
(賓語(yǔ)從句)
= Only through this crisis do I understand that you love me best in the world.
(倒裝句)
15. Cars and factories release a great deal of gases and pollute the environment.
(簡(jiǎn)單句)
=It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
16. Topics of punishment of criminals always arouse people’s attention. (簡(jiǎn)單句)
=Topics of the punishment of criminals never fail to arouse people’s attention.
(雙重否表肯定)
= Never do topics of the punishment of criminals fail to arouse people’s attention. (倒裝句)
通過(guò)這些例句，學(xué)生應(yīng)該可以看到從簡(jiǎn)單句到復(fù)合句式的轉(zhuǎn)換，句式的多樣性，是保證一篇作文取得高分的硬性要求，也是一個(gè)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言高水平的體現(xiàn)。
雅思詞匯備考常見(jiàn)誤區(qū)
No.1 單詞背越多，雅思分?jǐn)?shù)考越高
我們不是莎士比亞，不可能人人都背到三十萬(wàn)的詞匯量，也不是愛(ài)因斯坦，看一遍就能全部記住，所以，背單詞一定要學(xué)會(huì)給自己做減法。你不能看了閱讀的機(jī)經(jīng)是關(guān)于人體的骨骼，然后就去背什么盆腔骨，胸骨，肋骨，以至于幾千塊骨頭全部背完吧。你要背的單詞永遠(yuǎn)是最核心的，決定文章中心意思的單詞。
No.2 只要背單詞書(shū)，雅思考試中聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)四塊的詞匯都可以提高
一般我們說(shuō)你的詞匯量是多少，指的是閱讀的詞匯量，即為你看著能認(rèn)識(shí)，但不一定會(huì)讀，會(huì)寫(xiě)和會(huì)用，你的詞匯量為五千的話，并不意味著你能夠真正使用這五千個(gè)單詞。在雅思考試中，口語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)作對(duì)詞的要求是會(huì)用會(huì)說(shuō)會(huì)寫(xiě)，聽(tīng)力同樣如此，所以，背單詞書(shū)只能增加閱讀的詞匯量，而剩下的詞匯量需要考生按話題去積累，例如口語(yǔ)中描述人會(huì)用到哪些詞，寫(xiě)作中寫(xiě)到政府會(huì)需要用哪些搭配等等。
No.3 雅思考試中寫(xiě)作詞匯要越難越好
其實(shí)考生可以在劍橋的真題的最后參照很多寫(xiě)作的范文，高分作文并不是通篇用的難詞，而是用的最準(zhǔn)確的詞，在表達(dá)上也遵循了多樣性的原則，所以，寫(xiě)作對(duì)詞的要求并不是難，而是你所用的詞一定要合適，表達(dá)的意思要精確。其次，雅思寫(xiě)作是學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作，需要用學(xué)術(shù)類詞匯，像很簡(jiǎn)單的takeget make這類詞就盡量避免出現(xiàn)，這就等于一個(gè)四十歲的男的說(shuō)我好可愛(ài)是一個(gè)道理。
No.4 只在詞匯書(shū)上背單詞
一直以來(lái)我都認(rèn)為，興趣是最好的老師，有時(shí)候背單詞可以扔掉單詞書(shū)，從自己感興趣的話題來(lái)背單詞，一定有好的收獲，比如說(shuō)我愛(ài)看籃球，那NBA有一只球隊(duì)叫UTAHJAZZ猶他爵士，看到j(luò)azz 爵士這個(gè)詞，還有一些音樂(lè)類型是不是也可以一起背了呢，比如hip-hop，RB， Pop，blues(藍(lán)調(diào))，搖滾樂(lè)rock music，也可以稱之為rock roll ， heavymetal(重金屬)，punk(龐克)，hardcore(硬核音樂(lè))，indie(independent的簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě))獨(dú)立音樂(lè)。這樣子，和音樂(lè)相關(guān)的很多單詞是不是就一起記住了呢。
No.5 考雅思，只需要把單詞背完就好了
單詞是一切語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)，沒(méi)有單詞的積累就不可能有語(yǔ)言的輸出與表達(dá)，但是盲目地背單詞，把單詞當(dāng)做考雅思的唯一稻草，卻是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不行的。單詞必須要背，但背到了一定量的積累后，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在雅思考試的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)四個(gè)方面，語(yǔ)言最終是要會(huì)使用的，應(yīng)該從這四個(gè)方面多鍛煉技能，單詞只是橋梁，要達(dá)到最終的目的地還是需要自己走過(guò)去。
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