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2015年托福閱讀TPO難句翻譯匯總
新版的“百句譯”的課堂包括兩個(gè)部分：
(1)托福難句翻譯;
(2)對(duì)應(yīng)真題解答;
大家一定要把兩個(gè)部分都完成：
因?yàn)?1)難句翻譯是最扎實(shí)的句子理解訓(xùn)練，最好能夠抄寫在額外的小本子上;(翻譯時(shí)越糾結(jié)，印象就越深刻);
(2)真題解答將能夠矯正我們對(duì)于難句的理解
(3)我們的微信課堂 “百段寫”第一課活動(dòng)將是基于今天翻譯的句子擴(kuò)充開來的;
課堂內(nèi)容1：難句翻譯
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
參考翻譯：
如果空隙很大,其中的水會(huì)以水滴形式存在,(水滴)太重超過吸引它的表面張力, 就會(huì)流走;但如果空隙足夠小,水會(huì)以薄膜形式存在,(薄膜)太輕無法克服使它保持原 位的表面張力,從而使水被牢牢地留住(在空隙表面上)。
英文原文:
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
TPO-1 (2005.11.8): Groundwater
課堂內(nèi)容2：與本次句子翻譯相關(guān)的閱讀題目
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it is strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.
B. Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small pores through surface tension.
C. Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.
D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.
答案為：A
知識(shí)點(diǎn)小結(jié):
1. 詞組“exist as”意思是“作為......而存在,以......的形態(tài)存在”,比如:
a. Matter can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.
(以......的形態(tài)存在)
物質(zhì)以固體、液體或氣體的形態(tài)存在。
b. Though scattered and persecuted, the Jews still exist as a nation
(作為......而存在)
雖然被離散并受迫害,今天猶太人依然作為一個(gè)民族生存了下來。
2.“too... to”是個(gè)很常見的句型,意思是“太......以至于不能......”,簡(jiǎn)單的用法大家肯定 都了解,比如: This question is too difficult for me to answer.(這個(gè)問題太難了,我回答 不出來。)但是如果此句型經(jīng)過一番改造,變得略微復(fù)雜時(shí),比如本句中“too... to”之 間的內(nèi)容就比較長(zhǎng),有些同學(xué)就容易犯暈了。
看句子時(shí)要看到以下骨架“sth. +is + too + adj./n. + for sb./sth. + to do sth.”。“for”后面 的“sb./sth.”是“to do”部分動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,該部分可有可無。重要的是大家看到長(zhǎng)句子 前面的“too”時(shí),就應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地去找后面的“to”,只要找到這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),再長(zhǎng)、再?gòu)?fù)雜 的句子也就都容易攻下了。
3. 要弄清楚“holding them in place”是分詞短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ),修飾前面的名詞“the force of surface tension”。長(zhǎng)難句中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)分詞短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)的情況,分詞短語(yǔ)包括現(xiàn)在分 詞 v-ing 和過去分詞 v-ed 兩種形式。其實(shí)分詞短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,大 家不妨看看以下這幾個(gè)例子:
a. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 相當(dāng)于:Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.
b. Thin films are too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place. 相當(dāng)于:Thin films are too light to overcome the force of surface tension which holds them in place.
至于什么時(shí)候用現(xiàn)在分詞,什么時(shí)候用過去分詞,這要看句子的先行詞和動(dòng)作之間的 關(guān)系。如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,我們則用現(xiàn)在分詞,比如“the force of surface tension”(表面張力) 和“hold”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以原句中為“...holding them...”;如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用 過去分詞,比如“people”和“invite”之間是“被邀請(qǐng)”的關(guān)系,這也是剛剛我們?cè)诒磉_(dá) 的時(shí)候使用“Most of the people invited...”的緣由。
可能好多同學(xué)以前在閱讀長(zhǎng)難句時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì)因?yàn)榉衷~結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)而弄混整句話的意思。 了解完上述內(nèi)容以后,我希望大家再遇到分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞)的時(shí)候可以注意一 下,分清楚句中成分到底是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
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