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2016年托福考試寫作中如何避免中式英文
我們中國人學(xué)習(xí)英語,常常會不自覺的加入漢語學(xué)習(xí)思維,因此就出現(xiàn)了大家常說的“中式英語”現(xiàn)象。在托?荚嚠(dāng)中,一些學(xué)生仍然帶著漢語思維去寫作,如此,中國學(xué)生寫托福作文就當(dāng)作翻譯來做了。這樣會使你的文章語言蹩腳、冗贅。所以考生在托福寫作備考時(shí),要注意英語表達(dá)和漢語表達(dá)的差別,最重要的一點(diǎn)是托福寫作應(yīng)避免中式英文。
1、Original: If we agree to say that school offersus the best book knowledge acquisition then oursociety offers us the best surviving techniques in ahard way.
Revised: If we agree that school offers the best method for the acquisition of bookknowledge, then our society offers us the best method for acquiring common sense or “streetsmarts”.
Agree to say that表達(dá)中式化,只需要agree that即可;the best book knowledge acquisition改為the best method for the acquisition of book knowledge(學(xué)校給我們提供了獲取書本知識的最好方法)更為恰當(dāng) ,同樣后面的the best surviving techniques改為the best method for acquiring commonsense,加上street marks(街頭智慧)給文章的托福詞匯增添色彩。
2、Original: They can spend more time studying education and communication to improvetheir role as a mother, wife and daughter.
Revised: They can also decide to spend more time studying, education themselves, in orderto improve themselves in their roles as mothers, wives and daughters.
原句中studying education and communication的說法中式化,不符合英語的表述,應(yīng)該為studying,educating themselves。除了詞語表達(dá),此句中還存在其他問題,如名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用:不是提高他們的角色,而是提高他們自身以扮演好母親角色。
還有,女性不止一個(gè)人。很多人都在扮演母親角色,role和mother應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),故將improve their roleas a mother改為improve themselves in their roles as mother;同樣,為保持一致,wife和daughter也可用復(fù)數(shù),原文中wife的復(fù)數(shù)寫法有誤,應(yīng)該是wives。
3、Original:If you can get the point of communication by watching TV,will you...?
Revised:If one can learn about communicating from television,will you...?
原句的get the point of communication by watching TV表達(dá)不清,讓人難以理解,應(yīng)該是指“從電視上學(xué)習(xí)交際”:learn about communicating from television.
通過以上的分析,各位考生應(yīng)該有了大致的了解了吧!希望大家通過練習(xí),避免中式英語表達(dá)的不好習(xí)慣,從而寫出規(guī)范的英語作文。
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托福考試寫作十句型
不論是雅思還是托福的寫作部分,評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中非常重要的一項(xiàng)就是句型結(jié)構(gòu),要求句型結(jié)構(gòu)做到豐富多變。那到底什么樣的句型才是高分句型呢? 怎樣才能做到句型豐富呢?這是很多學(xué)生的疑問,也是我在教學(xué)中一直思考的問題。通過不斷地歸納和總結(jié),將下面這十種高分句型介紹給大家。不需要你全部都用上,因?yàn)橹灰蒙蠋追N就足以使你的寫作成績提高一個(gè)甚至幾個(gè)檔次。
第一, 定語從句。
這應(yīng)該算是寫作中最常用的一種句型之一。適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用定語從句可以給你的文章增色不少。
例如,下面的這兩個(gè)句子用上定語從句馬上就變成了一個(gè)漂亮的復(fù)雜句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description aboutviolence, superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, andsex, contain evil thoughts.
第二, 狀語從句。
在寫作當(dāng)中運(yùn)用的最多的是以下五種狀語從句,即原因狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,條件狀語從句,時(shí)間狀語從句和目的狀語從句。
1. 原因狀語從句:常由because, as, since和for引導(dǎo)
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
盡管如此,我還是贊成太空探險(xiǎn),因?yàn)樗暮锰庍h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于壞處。
2. 讓步狀語從句:常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導(dǎo)
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtainedat any age and at any place.
盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受,很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)、任何年齡進(jìn)行。
3. 條件狀語從句:常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導(dǎo)
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you mustwork hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要實(shí)現(xiàn)你的雄心壯志,你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗、準(zhǔn)備好條件。
4. 時(shí)間狀語從句:常由when和while引導(dǎo)
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetimestudy.
說到教育,大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。
5. 目的狀語從句: 常由so that和in order that引導(dǎo)
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills andtechnology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上萬的人們不得不花費(fèi)的精力和時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)和知識,使得他們在就業(yè)市場能保持優(yōu)勢。
第三, 賓語從句。
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for theenvironmental pollution.
一些人認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)對環(huán)境污染負(fù)主要責(zé)任。
Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is aninevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果,無法避免。
第四, 同位語從句。
Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
環(huán)境污染變得越來越嚴(yán)重是不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。
Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to masterthose high-technology skills easily.
沒有人能否認(rèn)這一基本事實(shí):對于一般工人來講,輕松掌握這些技術(shù)是不可能的。
第五,主語從句。
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both therural and urban areas is deteriorating.
值得注意的是農(nóng)村和城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境都在不斷惡化。
Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the mostserious problems in China or even the world as a whole.
眾所周知,環(huán)境污染問題是中國乃至世界面臨的最為嚴(yán)重的問題之一。
第六,強(qiáng)調(diào)句: It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容 + that
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣,使得環(huán)境被污染。
第七,倒裝句。
Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractableproblem be tackled.
只有政府采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧,這個(gè)棘手的問題才能被解決。
第八,被動語態(tài)。
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人們應(yīng)竭盡全力來保護(hù)我們賴以生存的環(huán)境。
第九, 分詞結(jié)構(gòu):包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。
Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playingcrucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游業(yè)是一個(gè)新興的行業(yè),它成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要, 在很多東南亞國家起著尤為重要的作用。
Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations toseverely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering orspitting deliberately.
具體來說,政府應(yīng)該出臺相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對制造大量污染物的工廠及故意亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰的人進(jìn)行嚴(yán)懲。
第十,插入語。
一種獨(dú)立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒有語法上的關(guān)系,大都是對一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成,位置較為靈活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。
Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
電腦,我們生活中必不可少的一部分,給我們帶來了極大的方便。
Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大學(xué)生,沒有社會經(jīng)驗(yàn),容易上當(dāng)受騙。
有了這十大句型,寫作還有什么可怕的呢?只要你多多練習(xí),熟練掌握這些句型并靈活運(yùn)用到寫作中去,想要在雅思或托福寫作部分得到一個(gè)比較滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)將不再是一個(gè)遙不可及的夢想。行動起來吧!
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