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2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯練習(xí)題
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練習(xí)一
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half fall. But that's exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality." says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.
【參考譯文】
大多數(shù)人愿意把樂(lè)觀(guān)定義為無(wú)盡的歡樂(lè)，就像一只總是裝著半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會(huì)為積極心理學(xué)家所稱(chēng)道的虛假的快樂(lè)。哈佛大學(xué)的Tal Ben-Shahar教授說(shuō)，“健康的樂(lè)觀(guān)主義意味著要處于現(xiàn)實(shí)之中。”在Ben-Shahar看來(lái)，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂(lè)觀(guān)主義者會(huì)因勢(shì)利導(dǎo)，而非求全責(zé)備。
Ben-Shahar會(huì)使用三種樂(lè)觀(guān)的方法。比如說(shuō)，當(dāng)他進(jìn)行了一次糟糕的演講感到心情郁悶的時(shí)候，他會(huì)告訴自己這是很正常的事。他會(huì)提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，總會(huì)有一些人的演講效果不及其他人。其次是進(jìn)行重構(gòu)。他分析效果不好的演講并且從那些起作用和不起作用的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。最后，現(xiàn)在存在這樣一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即在生活的宏偉計(jì)劃中，一次演講是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的。
練習(xí)二
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
【參考譯文】
發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)石油的依賴(lài)性也不如從前，因此對(duì)油價(jià)的波動(dòng)也就不會(huì)那么敏感。能源儲(chǔ)備、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工業(yè)的重要性的降低，都減少了石油消耗量。軟件、咨詢(xún)及移動(dòng)通訊消耗的石油，比鋼鐵、汽車(chē)行業(yè)少得多。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值中每一個(gè)美元所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。國(guó)際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì)，如果油價(jià)持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右，與1998年的13美元一桶相比，這也只會(huì)使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油進(jìn)口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%～0.5%。這還不到1974年或1980年收入減少部分的1/4。另一方面，進(jìn)口石油的新興國(guó)家由于轉(zhuǎn)向了重工業(yè)，消耗能量更大，因此可能會(huì)受到石油危機(jī)的強(qiáng)烈影響。
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