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2018專四情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法是2018英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試考生復(fù)習(xí)初期首先要打好基礎(chǔ)的部分，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法貫穿于整個(gè)英語(yǔ)專四考試中，尤其是應(yīng)用于專四完形填空及專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)題型，下面應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)小編為大家介紹的2018專四情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)，歡迎閱讀。
❖ 主要情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的用法(can/could, may/might, will/would, shall, should, must, need, dare)
❖ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞
1) can和could的用法
1. 表示能力，如： Can you finish this work tonight?
2. 理論上的可能性，但未必馬上發(fā)生。“有時(shí)候會(huì)”
Man cannot live without air. My sister can be really stubborn.
3. 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。 — Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意：①could也可表示請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣委婉，主要用于疑問(wèn)句，不可用于肯定句，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用can(即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中)。如： Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. (否定答語(yǔ)可用No, I'm afraid not.) ②can表示能力時(shí)，還可用be able to代替。如： I'll not be able to come this afternoon.
4. can表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，是一種推測(cè).(主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句或驚嘆句) Could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句
Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him.
5. “can + have done” 用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。 “could + have done”可用于各種句型。如： He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 6. 特殊句式
(1) can not / can never too…或cannot…enough “再……也不過(guò)分，越……越好” One can’t be too careful. = One can’t be careful enough.
(2)can’t help doing / can’t help but do禁不住，不由得 (3)Can’t help (to) do 不能幫助做某事 (4) can’t/couldn’t + 比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)
2) may和might的用法 1. 表示許可。 表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如： You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征詢對(duì)方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日�？谡Z(yǔ)中，用Can I ... 征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)在現(xiàn)代口語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn)。
肯定回答用Yes, you may./Yes, please./Certainly./Sure, go ahead. 否定回答用No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not.
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形
如： May you succeed!
3. 表示推測(cè),一般不用于疑問(wèn)句。might的可能性比may小。 He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。如： He may not have finished the work.
5. may / might as well +動(dòng)詞原形 “不妨，不如” You may / might as well go to see a doctor.
3) must和have to的用法 1. 表示必須、必要。如： You must come in time. 回答must引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2. must表示命令或強(qiáng)制，用于否定句的mustn't表示說(shuō)話人不許或禁止(某人做某事)。例如：You must do as you are told. 你必須遵囑行事。
You mustn't move any of the papers on my desk. 你不許動(dòng)我辦公桌上的任何文件。 —May I borrow this book? 我可以借這本書嗎? —No，you mustn't. 不，不可以。
3. must表示“偏要”， “非要”
Must you make so much noise? 你偏要弄出那么多噪音嗎? Of course，after I gave her advice， she must go and do the opposite. 當(dāng)然，在我勸了她以后，她非要做相反的事不可。
4. must表示推測(cè)，只用于肯定句。它的否定或疑問(wèn)式用can /could代替must。 This must be your pen.
5. “must + have + done”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。它的否定或疑問(wèn)式用can/could代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai. 含Must的反義疑問(wèn)句：
A.must表示“應(yīng)該”，其疑問(wèn)部分用mustn't(不應(yīng)該)，如：
You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下學(xué)期你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)嗎? B.must表示“必須”，其疑問(wèn)部分用needn't(不必)，如：
They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他們今天必須要完成這項(xiàng)工作，是嗎? C.陳述部分含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mustn't，表示禁止時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分就可以用must或may，如： You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把車停在這地方，知道嗎? D.must表示推測(cè) ，其疑問(wèn)部分必須與must 后面的主要?jiǎng)釉~相呼應(yīng)。如： ①對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測(cè) ：
You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道這項(xiàng)練習(xí)的答案，是不是? That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床，是嗎? ②對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測(cè)：
(一)句中陳述部分沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)疑問(wèn)部分中的動(dòng)詞就用 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主語(yǔ))
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把這事告訴她了，是嗎? (二)陳述部分有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞就用 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(didn’t + 主語(yǔ))
She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定讀了這本小說(shuō)了，是嗎? 6. have to的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同：
�、� must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如： The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age.
�、� 二者的否定意義不大相同。如：
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 ③ 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用must。如： Must I clean all the room?
4) dare和need的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today? — Yes, you must.
注意：needn't +完成式“表示本來(lái)不必做而實(shí)際上做了某事”。如： You needn't have waited for me.
2. Dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。有過(guò)去時(shí)dared。如：How dare you say I'm unfair. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. Dare和need可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用于各種句型，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Don't you dare (to) touch it! He needs to finish it this evening.
5) shall和should的用法
Shall(1)用于第一人稱的陳述句，表示將來(lái)。如： I shall come tomorrow.
(2). Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。如： Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
(3). Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如： You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允諾) He shall be punished. (威脅) (4)應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng).用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱中。 He shall have the right to own the house according to the law.(法律條文) ---Can I pay the bill by check?
---Sorry, sir. But it's the management rules of our hotel that payment shall be made in cash.(規(guī)章制度)
Should (1)表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to;在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：
You should go to class right away. Should I open the window?
(2) should用于第一人稱時(shí)可以表示說(shuō)話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。
�、� I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是認(rèn)為最好再試一試。 ② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞錯(cuò)了。
(3)Should還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，表示一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性很小，但也不是完全沒(méi)有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬(wàn)一”的意思。從句謂語(yǔ)由should加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，主句謂語(yǔ)卻不一定用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
① If you should change your mind, please let us know. 萬(wàn)一你改變主意，請(qǐng)通知我們。 ② Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 萬(wàn)一我明天有時(shí)間，我就來(lái)。
(4)此外，Why(or How) + should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會(huì)”。如：
�、� Why should you be so late today? 你幾天怎么來(lái)得這么晚? ②— Where is Betty living? — 貝蒂住在哪里? — How should I know? — 我怎么會(huì)知道呢?
�、� I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你憑什么認(rèn)為這事是我干的。
(5). Should 表示推測(cè)，按常理，按慣例應(yīng)該. 如。 They should arrive by 10 o’clock. . “should /ought to+ have done”表示本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。如： She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could.
6) will和would的用法
1. 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，“Will/Would you „.” would比will委婉客氣。如： Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。如：
I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again.
3. will表示習(xí)慣和傾向性。 will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，此時(shí)的意義接近used to 如：
Oil will float on water. 油總是浮在水上。 This window won’t open. 這扇窗戶經(jīng)常打不開。 The wound would not heal. (過(guò)去傷口老不愈合。 would與used to的區(qū)別：
1)used to強(qiáng)調(diào)今昔對(duì)比(過(guò)去這樣，現(xiàn)已不是這樣);would只是回顧過(guò)去,常與often, frequently,sometimes, always, for hours,on Sundays等表頻率的詞連用。
2)would只能表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，而used to 既可表示動(dòng)作，也可表示狀態(tài) 4. will表示對(duì)目前情況的推測(cè)，主要用于第二、三人稱。如： This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now.
7) ought to的用法
1. Ought to表示應(yīng)該。如： You ought to take care of him.
2. 表示推測(cè)。注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別： He must be at home by now. (斷定他已到家) He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
3. “ought to + have done”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didn't). 這時(shí)，ought to和should可以互相換用。
8) used to，had better，would rather的用法
1. Used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語(yǔ)中，其形式可不變。如： He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定疑問(wèn)句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式： 疑問(wèn)句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句 I usedn't to go there. I didn't use to go there.
Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't，但發(fā)音皆為[ju:znt]。
否定疑問(wèn)句 Usen't you to be interested in the theatre? Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago. 其反意疑問(wèn)句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中，也有兩種形式：
She used to be very fat, didn't she? (正式)/ use(d)n't she? (口語(yǔ)) Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.) 2. Had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。如： — We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).
Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I'd better be going. (用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表“最好立即”) You had better have done that. (用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，表未完成動(dòng)作) 注：①had best與had better同意，但較少用
②You had better … 用于同輩或小輩，對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用。
3. Would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。如： I'd rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? — Wouldn't you rather stay here? — No, I would not. I'd rather go there. 由于would rather表選擇，因而后可接than。如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone.
9)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done(陳述過(guò)去)
must have done (肯) 定/肯定做過(guò)某事 may have done (肯，否) 可能做過(guò)某事 might have done (肯，否) 本能夠做某事卻未做 可能做過(guò)某事
can have done (否，疑問(wèn)) 可能做過(guò)某事 could have done (肯，否，疑問(wèn) 本能夠做某事卻未做 /
可能做過(guò)某事
should / ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做 needn’t have done 本沒(méi)必要做某事卻做了
10)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)
1 表示肯定的猜測(cè)時(shí)，各情態(tài)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)弱如下： 最強(qiáng)——must(一定) will (很有可能) would(很有可能)
ought to(應(yīng)該，很有可能) should(應(yīng)該，很有可能) can(可能) could(可能) may(可能)
最弱——might(可能)
2 表示否定的猜測(cè)時(shí)can't / couldn't語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，指“不可能”;may / might not語(yǔ)氣最弱，意思是“可能不”。
3 一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)時(shí)的用法限制。 must只用于肯定句;
may/ might一般不用于疑問(wèn)句;
could可用于各種句式;而can多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句，用于肯定句時(shí)，多指“客觀可能性”。 Lightning can be very dangerous.閃電可能會(huì)非常危險(xiǎn)。 4. 把握題干猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣的強(qiáng)弱。
題干中如果有客觀依據(jù)，應(yīng)該選擇猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;如果沒(méi)有客觀依據(jù)，則應(yīng)選擇猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣最弱的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：
—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D.might
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