2017年考研:英語語法要遵從一致原則

　　考研英語完型、閱讀、翻譯及寫作都不開語法知識，語法是基礎(chǔ)，考生一定要熟悉，且靈活的掌握。2017考研復(fù)習(xí)之初，給大家講解語法知識點(diǎn)，希望大家能夠從現(xiàn)在日積月累，最終質(zhì)變提升。

　　下面講解的是關(guān)于語法一致原則的知識點(diǎn)：

　　語法一致原則是指句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上一致，即通常情況下，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定， 主語為單數(shù)形式時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式， 主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式時謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　2、由連接詞and或both ……and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。

　　如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　注意：

　　(1)若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come.

　　(2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no，each，every more than a (an)，many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

　　如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

　　3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

　　4、either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　注意：

　　(1)在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.

　　(2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。

　　如：None of us has (have) been to America.

　　5、在定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

　　如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience等。

　　如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

　　注意：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

　　7、由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。

　　如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　注意：a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“……的數(shù)量”，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。

　　8、在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。

　　如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

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