新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹

　　分詞

　　1．分詞的性質(zhì)：

　　具有形容詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，或動(dòng)作已完成。

　　2．分詞的形式：

　　例： write (vt) rise (vi)

　　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 過(guò)去分詞

　　時(shí)態(tài)

　　現(xiàn)在時(shí) writing being written rising risen /

　　完成時(shí) having written having been written having risen /

　　3．分詞的用法：

　　（1）定語(yǔ) 分詞置于被修飾名詞前

　　分詞短語(yǔ)于置于被修飾名詞后

　　a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping

　　a running dog = a dog which is running

　　a broken glass = a glass which is broken

　　a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打敗的意思）

　　This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.

　　The problem being discussed is very important.

　�。�2）表語(yǔ)：The book is interesting.

　　He is interested in the book.

　　The news is exciting.

　　He feels excited.

　　（3）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

　　When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.

　　I'd like to havethis package weighed.

　　掌握精髓：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。

　　（4）狀語(yǔ)：（以下例句值得一背�。�

　�、� If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.

　　→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.

　　② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.

　　→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.

　�、� While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

　　→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

　�、� When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.

　　→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.

　　你知道嗎？注意：在運(yùn)用此類句型時(shí)主語(yǔ)前后要保持一致。

　�、� Whenschool was over, the boys went home.

　　→ Being over, the boys went home. ×

　　School being over, the boys went home. √

　　② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.

　　→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.

　�、� Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

　　→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

　　④ I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.

　　→ Judging from his face, he must be ill.（這里應(yīng)該是 we judging ...，但若主語(yǔ)是we, one, you表示“一般人”，主語(yǔ)可省略）

　　實(shí)際上，這里涉及到獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題，以后在作分解！

　　4．分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：

　　現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。

　　Entering the room, hesaw he. （幾乎同時(shí)）

　　Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分詞動(dòng)作在前）

　　5．語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)被動(dòng)表動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行，完成時(shí)被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先被完成。

　　The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.

　　Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（漁民先被告知而后駛向港口）

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