怎樣做好英文Presentation

　　在學習與工作中，經(jīng)常需要我們用英文做一些主題展示，或表達思想，或介紹經(jīng)驗，或推廣品牌... ... Presentation既像演講，又不同于演講，同在于都需要良好的語言組織能力和表達溝通技巧，異在于，相比于演講的某些渲染效果，Presentation對于信息傳達的精準性和簡潔性要求更高，目的性更強，往往還會借助PPT這一媒介。因此，不論是在課堂還是工作中，能做好一個英文Presentation的能力都極為重要。

　　Language 語言篇

　　先說一點和語言不太相關的，畢竟聲音對于語言的傳達效果也有很大的影響。在做presentation時，最基本的要求是要讓觀眾聽清，特別是在背過身去時。除此之外，還要注意聲音的變化，以吸引觀眾的注意。聲音主要可以通過以下三個方面變化：

　　Speed語速

　　在講話的過程中，適當?shù)恼{整語速，或者做適當?shù)耐ｎD可以很好的吸引觀眾。

　　Intonation音調

　　高昂和低沉的音調可以產(chǎn)生不同的強調效果

　　Volume音量

　　回想上課時，老師突然提高的音量是不是立刻給你提神?

　　接下來，咱們進入正題，談一談英文Presentation的語言

　　1. Simplicity and Clarity 簡潔明了

　　Use short words and short sentences.

　　雖然在寫作中老師常常鼓勵我們用長難句，但是在注重效率的presentation中，應該多用清楚明白的短句和易懂的單詞。

　　Do not use jargon, unless you are certain that your audience understands it.

　　除非你確定面向的觀眾是內行人，否則慎用行業(yè)術語。

　　In general, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas.

　　總體上，多用使用具體的例子，少說抽象空洞的觀點。

　　Use active verbs instead of passive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand.

　　這一點大家要注意：多用主動語態(tài)，這更有利于觀眾理解。

　　大家比較一下下面兩個句子：

　　Toyota sold nine million vehicles last year.

　　Nine million vehicles were sold by Toyota last year.

　　第一句主動語態(tài)更好理解。當然，如果上述例子里發(fā)言者想要強調的是數(shù)量之大，第二個句子更合適，我們這里介紹的一般情況。

　　不過英語君提醒一下大家，在正規(guī)語體的寫作中，比如邀請函，會議通知，被動語態(tài)會顯得更加正式。

　　2. Signposting 指示語

　　Signpost本意是路標，這里的意思是發(fā)言者要使用特定的指示性詞語來提示觀眾講到了哪里，接下來講什么。這在presentation的語言中是非常重要的一環(huán)，可以幫助觀眾理清框架。那么，有哪些指示語呢?

　　首先，在開頭，要告訴觀眾演講內容的框架，可以使用這樣的句式：

　　I'll start by ...(A)... Then I’ll move on to ...(B)... After that I’ll consider ...(C)... Lastly I’ll quickly recap before concluding with ...(D)...

　　這樣，觀眾就會理出如下框架：

　　Beginning:

　　1.Welcome

　　2.Introduction of Structure (now)

　　Body

　　1.A

　　2.B

　　3.C

　　Conclusion

　　1.Summing up

　　2.D

　　接下來，在演講過程中，如果你想從上述的一點切換到另一點，可以用以下句式：

　　That's all I have to say about ...(A)... Let's turn now to ...(B)...

　　如果講完了全部主干內容，準備總結以上內容，可以說：

　　Well, we've looked at the A, B and C, I'd like to sum up now.

　　總結完后，想要給出結論，可以說：

　　What does all this mean for us? Well, I’d like to say/recommend/suggest that...

　　接下來，英語君為大家貼出在各種情況下常用的signpost,學起來:

　　Introducing the subject 介紹話題

　　I'd like to start by...

　　Let's begin by...

　　First of all, I'll...

　　Starting with...

　　I'll begin by...

　　Finishing one subject 結束話題

　　Well, I've told you about...

　　That's all I have to say about...

　　We've looked at...

　　So much for...

　　starting another 開啟另一話題

　　Now we'll move on to...

　　Let me turn now to...

　　Next...

　　Turning to...

　　I'd like now to discuss...

　　Let's look now at...

　　Analyzing a point and giving recommendations 分析觀點，給出建議

　　Where does that lead us?

　　Let's consider this in more detail...

　　What does this mean for ABC?

　　Translated into real terms...

　　Giving an example 舉例子

　　For example,...

　　A good example of this is...

　　As an illustration,...

　　To give you an example,...

　　To illustrate this point...

　　Dealing with questions 應對觀眾提問

　　We'll be examining this point in more detail later on...

　　I'd like to deal with this question later, if I may...

　　I'll come back to this question later in my talk...

　　Perhaps you'd like to raise this point at the end...

　　I won't comment on this now...

　　Summarizing and concluding 概括與總結

　　In conclusion,...

　　Right, let's sum up, shall we?

　　I'd like now to recap...

　　Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at...

　　Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...

　　If I can just sum up the main points...

　　Ordering 列觀點

　　Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...

　　First of all...then...next...after that...finally...

　　To start with...later...to finish up...

　　拓展：格式&范例

　　Presentation格式

　　在撰寫內容的時候盡量遵循一定的格式, 以層層遞進的表達形式去做Presentation, 這樣可以避免在講述的時候語言邏輯混亂. 下面EssayMin為大家介紹常用的演講格式: 總分總結構.

　　● Introduction

　　展示演講目的: 在引入的過程中告訴聽眾他們將會聽到哪些重點內容, 有利于引起聽眾的興趣并建立融洽的交互關系.

　　確定演講主題: 確保之后的所有要點都是圍繞這個話題中心展開的.

　　● Body

　　確定這部分邏輯順序, 例如時間順序或者重要性漸次遞進的順序. 一般主體的內容為:

　　1）介紹主題的背景信息.

　　2）展示核心要點, 在介紹要點時配備相關的數(shù)據(jù)和說明資料.

　　3）舉例一些眾所周知的具體事例以引起聽眾的共鳴, 達到情感渲染高潮.

　　● Conclusion

　　重申演講的主題, 加深聽眾的印象. 給出一些具體啟示或建議, 這一部分根據(jù)主題來制定內容.

　　英文Presentation范例

　　Good morning, everyone! I am very pleased to be here today to give you a presentation. The duration of the presentation is roughly 10 minutes. My topic this time is to explore the impact of the rapid development of the Internet on the learning model. My presentation is divided into three main sections. Firstly, the development of the Internet has brought about a new model of online learning; Secondly, learning resources are booming; Thirdly, it affects the concentration of learning.

　　First of all, regarding the first point, as we all know, more and more professors will choose online teaching, which is not affected by time and place. At the same time, the function of course review can strengthen learning and memory. Especially during the epidemic period, the Internet made our learning progress uninterrupted.

　　Similarly, the rapid development of the Internet has brought us more and more learning channels, which is the second point we will talk about soon. At present, more and more online book resources can make it unnecessary for us to borrow books from the library. If we encounter problems that are difficult to solve, we don't have to run to the teacher and ask him to give us answers carefully. On the contrary, we can post for help or go to the learning software for answers.

　　So, are the influences of the Internet on learning patterns all beneficial? As you can see that more and more students are distracted by entertainment news and games on the Internet. Sometimes, when studying online, it is difficult for teachers to notice that they are not focused enough. The lack of online learning reduces the interaction between teachers and students, which is not conducive to in-depth communication.

　　To sum up, we found that the development of the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages for the learning mode. If students have higher self-discipline and make good use of online learning resources, it will be very beneficial to learning progress.

　　Thank you for your listening. This is the end of my presentation.

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