英語(yǔ)寫作中漢語(yǔ)干擾因素有哪些
篇一：英語(yǔ)寫作中漢語(yǔ)干擾因素分析
內(nèi)容摘要：本文列舉了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)作文中常出現(xiàn)的典型錯(cuò)誤，分析了由于漢語(yǔ)干擾因素的影 響而使學(xué)生不能正確表達(dá)詞義的原因，并針對(duì)這些錯(cuò)誤，提出了避免錯(cuò)誤的對(duì)策，以便提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作水平及寫作教學(xué)效果。
關(guān)鍵詞：漢語(yǔ)干擾 錯(cuò)誤 分析
隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，越來越多的人意識(shí)到英語(yǔ)寫作無論在學(xué)校的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中還是在實(shí)際的社會(huì)工作中都十分重要。英語(yǔ)寫作能力的高低能體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合素質(zhì)。英語(yǔ)寫作日趨重要。然而他卻是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。由于中英文化背景的差異所造成的思維方式的不同以及寫作角度、方法、用詞等的不同，使中國(guó)學(xué)生在寫英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)出現(xiàn)了許多錯(cuò)誤。
分析英語(yǔ)寫作中漢語(yǔ)干擾對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的影響，無論是從理論上看還是從教學(xué)實(shí)踐上看，都將是大有益處的。漢語(yǔ)干擾致錯(cuò)原因有以下幾個(gè)主要方面:
一、因認(rèn)識(shí)角度和使用形象不同造成錯(cuò)誤
在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)寫作的過程中，學(xué)生由于對(duì)漢英語(yǔ)言、文化間的差異，不同文化背景所產(chǎn)生的不同思維方式不甚了解，經(jīng)常用漢語(yǔ)思維，導(dǎo)致用詞錯(cuò)誤。例如：“紅茶”被寫成“red tea”，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“black tea”。“黑眼珠”被寫成“black eye ”, 應(yīng)為“dark brown eye ”。 因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中“black eye ”意為“被打得發(fā)青的眼圈”。在用英語(yǔ)寫作過程中，不少學(xué)生由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言功底較差，還不能用英語(yǔ)思考，經(jīng)常先在腦海里用漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)思，然后將構(gòu)思好的漢語(yǔ)腹稿譯成英語(yǔ)。這種機(jī)械的對(duì)應(yīng)思考方法，往往造成嚴(yán)重的用詞錯(cuò)誤。例如，在“Excessive smoking will injure your body.”中，“body”在英語(yǔ)中作“軀體”講，而漢語(yǔ)“身體”有兩重意思，一是指“軀體”，二是指“身體健康狀況”。該句表達(dá)的意思顯然是指“身體狀況”，但由于受漢語(yǔ)影響，而誤用了“body”，所以應(yīng)將“body” 改為“health”。另外，由于英漢語(yǔ)言使用的形象不同，兩個(gè)民族的思維習(xí)慣不同也造成了許多語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。例如，“熟睡”被寫成“sleep like a dead pig/dog”英語(yǔ)為“sleep like a top/log”�！按蠛漆槨北粚懗伞癓ook for a needle in the sea.”，應(yīng)為“Look for a needle in a haystack.”。
二．因表達(dá)方式不同造成的錯(cuò)誤
英、漢兩個(gè)民族有時(shí)對(duì)某些事物和現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)角度、思路都是相同的，但是由于表達(dá)方式不同也造成了一些錯(cuò)誤。
1、詞形錯(cuò)誤。漢語(yǔ)的名詞詞形一般不分單、復(fù)數(shù)，也無可數(shù)、不可數(shù)之別。因此出現(xiàn)主謂不一致、遺漏第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)形態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤。漢語(yǔ)中，主謂間不存在數(shù)的關(guān)系，謂語(yǔ)沒有第三人稱單數(shù)問題。因此，謂語(yǔ)部分不需要因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)而
篇二：英語(yǔ)作文漢語(yǔ)熱
Chinese mania
Let’s talk about my ideas for Chinese mania
As a Chinese, I'm very pride for more and more foreigners to learn Chinese it reflects our economic development in a sense. Take America as an example, From kindergartens to a high schools, There is a rapid rise in interesting among American pupils to study the Chinese language. On the other hand, over two hundred Confucius institutes have been set up in 69 countries, from TV we can see many foreigner take part in learn Chinese
The number of foreign students who are attracted by the mysterious and charming language and come to china learning Chinese also increases steadily every year. So is Chinese mania good or bad.
Why is the Chinese language study becoming so popularThere are some reasons. First, Chinese has long history full of legends. Second, Chinese is spoken by the largest population in the world. Third, China has rise it’s international influence ,furthermore the rapid economic development dramatically. Third, as for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has provided a good chance to show the Chinese culture and thus attracted more foreigners leaning
Chinese.
However, while Chinese is a fever among foreigners, many students tend to ignore the importance of their mother tongue, grammatical mistakes constantly occur in their essays, not to mention coarse wording and improper style, So, we should learn our mother tongue well first, and then take the responsibility to popularize it.
篇三：在中文語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫好英語(yǔ)作文
高考英語(yǔ)試題中的書面表達(dá)不僅是考生們得分的一個(gè)重要部分，更是讓他們頭疼的一種題型，英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)題占了25分，這讓教師和學(xué)生們?cè)陬^疼之余又不得不去面對(duì)，而縱覽學(xué)生的答題卷和平時(shí)書面表達(dá)的作業(yè)時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)除了拼寫等一些基本錯(cuò)誤之外，最常見的要數(shù)“中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)”（chiglish）的錯(cuò)誤，也就是句子表達(dá)不符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，該采取哪些措施來減少這種錯(cuò)誤，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫好英語(yǔ)作文呢？
英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分屬兩種不同語(yǔ)系的語(yǔ)言，兩者之間的差異性大于相似性。大量的研究表明，學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫作中的漢語(yǔ)句法遷移現(xiàn)象非常普遍。因此，對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行歸類、分析并探討其產(chǎn)生的原因，具有重要的理論價(jià)值。
1漢語(yǔ)環(huán)境影響英語(yǔ)寫作的幾個(gè)方面
1.1詞匯方面
如果把寫英語(yǔ)作文比作建樓房的話，英語(yǔ)詞匯在英語(yǔ)寫作中起著磚、瓦的作用，是句子的最基本的組成部分，所以詞匯是我們高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的重點(diǎn)，單詞聽寫是課堂教學(xué)必不可少的.一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，但學(xué)生的詞匯量畢竟有限，遇到問題時(shí)，便會(huì)用漢語(yǔ)詞匯去補(bǔ)充英語(yǔ)詞匯的空缺。
例如：交通十分繁忙。誤：The traffic is busy. 正：The traffic is heavy.
她和一位教授結(jié)婚了。誤：She married with a professor.
正：She married a professor.
英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)的詞義往往比較復(fù)雜，并和漢語(yǔ)有著一定區(qū)別。這種不同就會(huì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生僅把寫作當(dāng)作一詞一句的翻譯來做，結(jié)果是事倍功半。
1.2語(yǔ)法方面
英語(yǔ)中難點(diǎn)就是時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)的掌握。英語(yǔ)中常用時(shí)態(tài)共十六種，語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣有陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣之分。不同的時(shí)態(tài)有它特有的句法結(jié)構(gòu)。如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)使用be＋v－ing形式來表示。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則用have／has ＋p．p來表示。一般將來時(shí)則用shall／will／be going to＋v來表示。英語(yǔ)中時(shí)間意義的表達(dá)是通過動(dòng)詞的時(shí)和體來加以反映，而漢語(yǔ)中不存在時(shí)、體等，漢語(yǔ)則依靠表示時(shí)間的副詞（如“曾經(jīng)”、“正在”、“已經(jīng)”、“將要”）作狀語(yǔ)，或利用虛詞“了”、“著”、“過”等作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)這一語(yǔ)法手段來體現(xiàn)，動(dòng)詞本身無任何變化。在英語(yǔ)中，“already”和“ever”常常用在完成時(shí)態(tài)之中，不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。學(xué)生常常把上述句子錯(cuò)譯成“Yesterday I have been to the park．”“Five years ago，they have known each other．”又如在英語(yǔ)中，我們常常用否定前置來
篇四：Will Chinese Become a Global language 漢語(yǔ)會(huì)成為世界語(yǔ)言嗎
With China's reforming and opening, China's economy has developed rapidly. More and more countries are willing to cooperate with China in economy, culture and even politics, especially after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. We can see that Chinese cultural factors are more and more popular all around the
world. Chinese language, one of the important marks of Chinese culture, which is also popular among foreigners. We are glad to see that more and more foreigners like learning and understanding Chinese.
Will Chinese become a global languageAs far as I'm concerned, Chinese won't be a global language. Firstly, the word-formation of Chinese is more complicated than that of English and Chinese characters are complicated too.So, it's difficult for foreigners to read and write, let alone to understand.That's really a barrier to the spreading of Chinese. Secondly, Chinses language stands for Chinese culture in a way and what we all know is that China is a country with more than 5000 years of history, its culture is broad and profound, bountiful. If a foreigner who wants to talk with Chinese in Chinese, a better knowledge of Chinese culture is needed, it's a time-consuming work as well. Last but not least, the history of English as a global language is long and the teaching system of English as a foreign language is complete compared with that of Chinese. Now, there are many programs of Chinese as a foreign language, such as Confucius Institutes, Chinese Bridge and so on. In China, now, Teaching Chinese As a Foreign Language is even a major. But in fact, they're just at a preliminary stage.
As we are Chinese, we are proud to see that more and more foreigners are fond of learning our mother tongue. However, as a matter of fact, there is a long way to go for Chinese being a global language and there is no doubt that we should still learn by heart even if we are Chinese.
篇五：漢語(yǔ)熱英文作文23
The popularity of Chinese
In recent years, learning Chinese has become popular among people around the world, with the rapid development of economy in China. According to the official report in the last year, there are about 3000 high school in 109 countries offer a course on Chinese. Another data has proved students who learn Chinese not only from Southeast Asia but also from western countries.
There are many reasons why more and more people are crazy about learning Chinese. Firstly, as the improvement of the Chinese economy, learning Chinese will facilitate the economic trade contact and enhance the friendship with other countries. Secondly, many experts focus on ancient Chinese literature for Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. Learning Chinese has become a necessary tool for them. Thirdly, due to the plenty of natural landscapes and sceneries of humanities in China, a lot of foreign tourists start to travel in China, showing great interests in learning Chinese.
In addition, several Confucius Institutes have been established in many countries these years by Chinese government more and more foreign students have the access to understand Chinese language culture, which provides an important platform for culture exchange. With the changes of China’s internal standing and influence, we not only let the world know more of China, but also need to know more about the rest of world.
As we all known, learning Chinese is gaining more and more popularity among the people in the whole world. It can’t take away from people who are fully bent upon the dissemination of Chinese culture all over the world. With join efforts, I am sure china will have a better tomorrow.
篇六：英語(yǔ)作文
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文是衡量學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合水平和應(yīng)用能力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)，也是大學(xué)四級(jí)考試的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。在整個(gè)四級(jí)卷面（滿分為100分）中占15分，考生在這一部分的得分直接決定其四級(jí)成績(jī)。近年來國(guó)家教委又明確規(guī)定，四級(jí)考試中，如果學(xué)生作文得零分，那么即使前面得了滿分（即85分），其總成績(jī)?nèi)詫⒁暈椴患案�。因此寫好一篇文章�?duì)參加四級(jí)考試的學(xué)生來說可謂至關(guān)重要，不容輕視。
作文不理想的原因很多，總的看來主要有以下幾個(gè)方面的問題：
第一、英語(yǔ)底子太薄。底子太薄主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)掌握不牢及對(duì)基本詞匯記憶不清。它包括定冠詞和不定冠詞的濫用，主謂不一致，單復(fù)數(shù)搞不清楚（例如：a people等），時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)混亂及詞語(yǔ)的各種形式掌握不牢。有的學(xué)生文章寫得很長(zhǎng)，字跡也很工整，但是讀完之后只覺得思路紊亂，支離破碎，沒有一個(gè)完整的句子，所以也就只能得兩三分以慰勞苦。 (整理收集:英語(yǔ))
第二、詞匯量太小，且對(duì)已學(xué)詞匯記憶不清。除了底子太薄這個(gè)歷史原因之外，學(xué)生詞匯量太小也是一個(gè)不容忽視的原因。有的學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)功底很好，用漢語(yǔ)作文，他們就會(huì)思如泉涌，下筆千言，但是一到用英語(yǔ)作文就好像被縛住了手腳，不知如何下手。比如99年1月的作文，題目是＂Don't Hesitate to Say No＂, 大部分學(xué)生能夠領(lǐng)會(huì)題意并能按給出的漢語(yǔ)提綱作文，但有的學(xué)生連Hesitate是什么意思都不知道，更不用說在此基礎(chǔ)上再作發(fā)揮了。另外有的學(xué)生雖然對(duì)題目及要求非常清楚，但是因?yàn)樽约核莆盏脑~匯所限，無法用一些合適的詞來表達(dá)自己的思想，于是只有繞著題目翻來覆去亂說一氣，再加上這次出的作文提綱就象一道繞口令： (收集:)，詳細(xì)出處請(qǐng)參考：/zuowen/siji/78414.html
1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.
下筆前整合思緒：腦力激蕩，寫出綱要等。
(英語(yǔ)收集整理)
2.Write clearly. Be concise. Avoid wordiness.
寫作清晰，務(wù)必精簡(jiǎn)，避免贅言。 ()，詳細(xì)出處請(qǐng)參考/zuowen/siji/78411.html
四六級(jí)寫作常見句型
�。�1）用于描寫漫畫、圖表的常用句型
�、貯s the graph depicts , …
�、贔rom the cartoon /picture , we can see that …
�、跘ccording to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,
④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …
�、軮t can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that … ：
�。�2）用于句首提出論題或現(xiàn)象的句型
①Recently , …h(huán)as become the focus of the society .
�、凇環(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life .
�、跱owadays there is a growing concern for …
�、躈owadays it is common to hear /see …
�、荨環(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life .
�、轓owadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of … ⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …
�、酙n recent years , there is a general tendency …
⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face .
�。�3）用于比較、闡述不同觀點(diǎn)的常用句型
①Some people like / prefer …, while others are / feel inclined to …
�、赥here are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold …
③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it .
�、躍ome people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim …
⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion .
�、轔n the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel …
�、逽ome people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …
�、郃lthough more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that … ⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of …
⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about …
�。�4）用于陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)/想法的常用句型
①M(fèi)y own experience tells me that …
�、贗n my opinion , we should attack more importance to …
�、跘s for my own idea about … I believe …
�、蹵s far as I am concerned , I plan to …
�、軵ersonally , I prefer …
�、轎n my view , both sides are partly right in that …
�、連ut for me , I would rather …
�、郙y own point of view is that …
⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …
�、釧s regards me , I tend to choose …
�。�5）用于書信寫作的常用句型
�、賂hank you for your letter of …
②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept …
�、跿hanks so much for your letter , which arrived …
�、躀 am writing to you with reference to …
�、軮 am writing to you in connection with …
⑥I would be grateful if you could / would …
�、逫 would like to know some information on …
�、郔t will be appreciated if you can / could …
⑨I would also like to know if you can / could …
�、釯 look forward to hearing from you .
�。�6）用于結(jié)尾的常用句型
�、貴rom what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that …
�、赥herefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …
�、跧t is high time that something was done about …
�、蹻rom all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that …
�、軹aking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …
�、轌iven the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …
�、逫t is clear , therefore , that …
�、郃ll in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
�、釬rom what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that … ⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …
�、� On the whole , it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …
�、� Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …
�、� Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …
四六級(jí)寫作基本句式
以下是短文寫作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式，每組句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的1－2個(gè)，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用。
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life
注：如考生寫第一個(gè)句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個(gè)句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。
篇七：英語(yǔ)寫作中漢語(yǔ)干擾分析
[摘 要]本文結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)踐，闡述了實(shí)施新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，如何在英語(yǔ)寫作中不受漢語(yǔ)的干擾，使學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作水平提高。
[關(guān)鍵詞]新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 學(xué)習(xí)情境 教學(xué)細(xì)節(jié) 有效性
學(xué)生寫英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)常出現(xiàn)典型錯(cuò)誤，由于漢語(yǔ)干擾因素的影
響而使學(xué)生不能正確表達(dá)詞義，并針對(duì)這些錯(cuò)誤，提出避免錯(cuò)誤的對(duì)策，以便提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作水平及寫作教學(xué)效果。
英語(yǔ)寫作無論在學(xué)校的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中還是在實(shí)際的社會(huì)工作
中都十分重要。英語(yǔ)寫作能力的高低能體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合素質(zhì)。英語(yǔ)寫作日趨重要。然而他卻是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。由于中英文化背景的差異所造成的思維方式的不同以及寫作角度、方法、用詞等的不同，使中國(guó)學(xué)生在寫英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)出現(xiàn)了許多錯(cuò)誤。
例如，漢語(yǔ)認(rèn)為“一陣大雨”，英語(yǔ)寫成“a he
avy rain”，
不能寫成“a big rain ”�！白蛱焱砩稀庇⒄Z(yǔ)只能說“l(fā)ast night”。 不能說“yesterday night”。由于漢語(yǔ)干擾，學(xué)生照漢語(yǔ)思維直譯，導(dǎo)致了表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤和不地道、不準(zhǔn)確的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。比如，學(xué)生把“你的來信收到了”寫成“Your letter has received.”，這是從漢語(yǔ)直譯出來的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，
應(yīng)寫成“Your letter has been received.”。
從以上例子可以看出，漢語(yǔ)干擾乃是導(dǎo)致表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤的一個(gè)主
要原因。分析英語(yǔ)寫作中漢語(yǔ)干擾對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的影響，無論
是從理論上看還是從教學(xué)實(shí)踐上看，都將是大有益處的。漢語(yǔ)干
擾致錯(cuò)原因有以下幾個(gè)主要方面:
(一) 因認(rèn)識(shí)角度和使用形象不同造成錯(cuò)誤
在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)寫作的過程中，學(xué)生由于對(duì)漢英語(yǔ)言、文化間的差
異，不同文化背景所產(chǎn)生的不同思維方式不甚了解，經(jīng)常用漢語(yǔ)
思維，導(dǎo)致用詞錯(cuò)誤。例如：“紅茶”被寫成“red tea”，英語(yǔ)
應(yīng)為“black tea”�！昂谘壑椤北粚懗伞癰lack eye ”, 應(yīng)為“dark
brown eye ”。 因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中“black eye ”意為“被打得發(fā)青的
眼圈”。在用英語(yǔ)寫作過程中，不少學(xué)生由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言功底較差，
還不能用英語(yǔ)思考，經(jīng)常先在腦海里用漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)思，然后將構(gòu)思好
的漢語(yǔ)腹稿譯成英語(yǔ)。這種機(jī)械的對(duì)應(yīng)思考方法，往往造成嚴(yán)重
的用詞錯(cuò)誤。例如，在“Excessive smoking will injure your
body.”中，“body”在英語(yǔ)中作“軀體”講，而漢語(yǔ)“身體”有
兩重意思，一是指“軀體”，二是指“身體健康狀況”。該句表達(dá)
的意思顯然是指“身體狀況”，但由于受漢語(yǔ)影響，而誤用了
“body”，所以應(yīng)將“body” 改為“health”。
(二) 因表達(dá)方式不同造成的錯(cuò)誤
英、漢兩個(gè)民族有時(shí)對(duì)某些事物和現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)角度、思路都是
相同的，但是由于表達(dá)方式不同也造成了一些錯(cuò)誤。
1．詞形錯(cuò)誤
漢語(yǔ)的名詞詞形一般不分單、復(fù)數(shù)，也無可數(shù)、不可數(shù)之別。因此出現(xiàn)主謂不一致、遺漏第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)形態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤。漢語(yǔ)中，主謂間不存在數(shù)的關(guān)系，謂語(yǔ)沒有第三人稱單數(shù)問題。因此，謂語(yǔ)部分不需要因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)而做數(shù)的調(diào)整。由于漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的影響，學(xué)生會(huì)寫出這樣的句子：
�。�1）The streets are full of garbages.
�。�2）He speak fast.
在例句（1）中，garbage被當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞，其實(shí)它是不可數(shù)名詞。在例句（2）中,speak應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)speaks。
2．詞性錯(cuò)誤
有時(shí)學(xué)生只注意所選詞的詞義，而忽視了該詞的詞性，常造成句子不合乎語(yǔ)法規(guī)范的用詞錯(cuò)誤。例如：
�。�1）My father adviced me not to go out alone at night.
�。�2）My roommate doesn’t afraid of dogs.
例句（1）把名詞誤用為動(dòng)詞，例句（2）把形容詞誤用為動(dòng)詞。這是由于有些學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)不牢，對(duì)某些常用詞不認(rèn)真考證，隨手寫來，又檢查不出錯(cuò)，導(dǎo)致誤用詞性卻渾然不覺。
3． 虛詞錯(cuò)誤
英語(yǔ)虛詞包括冠詞、介詞和連詞。有時(shí)，由于受漢語(yǔ)的影響，學(xué)生在使用虛詞時(shí)常用錯(cuò)。例如，
�。�1）Although I like my college, but I miss my home.
(2) He arrived Tokyo yesterday.
(3) I bought the dictionary in 1980s.
在例句（1）中，由于受漢語(yǔ)“雖然。。。但是”結(jié)構(gòu)影響而出錯(cuò)。英語(yǔ)中althoughbut 只能用一個(gè)。例句（2）中是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后一定要用前置詞in 或at,所以在arrive 后加in。例句（3）的錯(cuò)誤是，英語(yǔ)中“。。。年代”前應(yīng)用定冠詞，所以原句應(yīng)改為 “in the 1980s”。
4． 誤解詞義導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤
英語(yǔ)寫作要求作者有較深的語(yǔ)言功底，即詞匯基礎(chǔ)和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)等。選用自己沒有完全掌握詞義或用法的單詞組詞造句，是造成用詞錯(cuò)誤的原因之一。另外，英、漢兩種語(yǔ)言中，均有一詞多義和一義多詞的現(xiàn)象。對(duì)同義詞、近義詞的細(xì)微差別分辨不清是導(dǎo)致這類錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生的原因。例如：
�。�1）The young man always puts on a white jacket.
�。�2）Both salt and sugar are easy to melt in hot water. 在例句（1）中put on 雖有“穿”的意思，但該動(dòng)詞詞組僅表示穿的動(dòng)作，不表示穿的狀態(tài)，該句子表達(dá)的意思是“穿著”，而不是“穿上”，應(yīng)改為wears a white jacket。在例句（2）中，melt常指物體經(jīng)過加熱后熔化或者指易溶物質(zhì)受熱溶化，不指溶質(zhì)在溶劑中溶解，melt應(yīng)改為dissolve。
5．不注意語(yǔ)境導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤
語(yǔ)境在很大程度上制約著用詞。語(yǔ)境不同，用詞也不同，因此寫
作時(shí)要選用適合上下文的詞語(yǔ)來遣詞造句。如不注意語(yǔ)境對(duì)選詞的影響，就可能因用詞不當(dāng)而寫出前后矛盾、不合邏輯的句子。選詞與語(yǔ)言環(huán)境不適宜，就會(huì)用詞不當(dāng)。例如：
�。�1）The ice cream melted away in the plate.
（2）Would you mind opening the gateThe air in the room is too close.
例句（1）中，melt away的含義是“融化并消失”，而盤中的冰淇淋只是融化了，并沒有消失，應(yīng)把melt away改為melt。例句（2）中g(shù)ate指“院落的大門”，一般不用于指房門。從上下文看，說話者指得是房門，所以應(yīng)改為door。
6．指代不明
英文寫作中代詞同它所指代的先行詞之間關(guān)系要明確無誤，否則句子的連貫性就會(huì)受到破壞，句子的含義就會(huì)模糊不清，甚至引起誤解。在“She told my sister she was wrong ”句中，第二個(gè)she可以指主語(yǔ)，也可以指 my sister ，指代不明確�？筛臑椤� You are wrong ,”she said to my sister.或“ I’m wrong, ”she said to my sister.
以上列舉了學(xué)生常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，分析了學(xué)生受漢語(yǔ)干擾致錯(cuò)的原因，其目的是為了更好地糾正錯(cuò)誤。任何人都會(huì)不可避免地出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，只要我們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正錯(cuò)誤，就能減少和排除干擾，克服教學(xué)中的盲目性。英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)是寫作出錯(cuò)的關(guān)鍵，所以提高寫作水平必須叢基礎(chǔ)抓起，必須加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法與句型的訓(xùn)
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