英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解特殊句型及練習(xí)題
Period 1 課前熱身
檢查學(xué)生作業(yè)完成情況
Period 2 課堂內(nèi)容講授
近幾年來(lái)高考對(duì)省略、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)及其他一些特殊句式的考查較多，不但考查各種句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，而且考查在具體語(yǔ)境中的用法，以及與定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合在一起的混合考查，有時(shí)還考查倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的變形。 考點(diǎn)1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】 1.陳述：It is / was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that... 疑問(wèn)：Is / Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that... 特殊疑問(wèn)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is / was it that…
做題方法為還原法，將it is / was…that…去掉后句子經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)整后仍然成立，即為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
2.用助動(dòng)詞do, does, did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。
I’m dying to know 句意：我非常想知道到底是什么讓他這么興奮。
解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句, 此處的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式放在動(dòng)詞后面充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),名詞性從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 考點(diǎn)2.倒裝句
【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】一. 全部倒裝：1.表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in,
2.代詞such放在句首，且在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 例：Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
3.為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使上下文銜接緊密，常將作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提到句首，引起全部倒裝。Seated in the first line are some leaders.
二.部分倒裝：1.only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，且放在句首時(shí)。
2.否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí)，如：never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, at no time, under no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition, in no way。
3.as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提到句首；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也可以用正常語(yǔ)序。
4.在so + adj. / adv + that結(jié)構(gòu)中，將so + adj. / adv放在句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。 5.在such + adj. + n. + that結(jié)構(gòu)中，將such + adj. + n放在句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。 6.由so, neither, nor引起句子，表示前面的情況也適用于另一人或物時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)3. 省略句
【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】一.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略：1.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因等狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)為it，并且從句謂語(yǔ)含有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以將從句主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be省略。 2.在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句中含有had, should或were時(shí)，可將if省略，同時(shí)將had, should, were置于主語(yǔ)前。
二. 不定式的省略：1.不定式作動(dòng)詞expect, mean, refuse, like, love, wish, prefer, hope, want等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。
2.當(dāng)不定式在形容詞happy，glad，pleased，delighted，anxious等后作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。 考點(diǎn)4. 祈使句
【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】�？疾榈木涫綖椋浩硎咕�+and/or+簡(jiǎn)單句
句意：在你能的任何情況下幫助別人, 會(huì)把世界變得更美好。解析：“祈使句＋and＋簡(jiǎn)單句”結(jié)構(gòu), 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的句子：If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
考點(diǎn)5. 反意疑問(wèn)句
【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】1. 主從復(fù)合句中，與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致，但是當(dāng)陳述部分是I / We think / believe / expect / suppose加從句的形式時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)該和從句的人稱時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
2. 陳述部分是祈使句，反意疑問(wèn)部分用will you; 陳述部分是Let’s開頭的祈使句，反意疑問(wèn)部分用shall
3. must be對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)做一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行處理。
4. must have done用來(lái)推測(cè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，句中沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)按現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行處理，如果有明確的表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，按一般過(guò)去時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行處理。 例：When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, will you?
句意：當(dāng)你讀完那本書時(shí), 不要忘記把它放回書架, 好嗎? 解析：肯定的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句可用will you或won’t you, 但否定的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句只能用will you。 二、典題對(duì)應(yīng)
【名師坐堂】首先要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)，尤其是強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝兩部分，一定要反復(fù)練習(xí)，確保記憶的準(zhǔn)確和全面。不可對(duì)語(yǔ)法條目進(jìn)行單純的機(jī)械記憶，理解才是真正學(xué)好語(yǔ)法的關(guān)鍵。在知識(shí)出現(xiàn)交叉的地方，要注意理解，認(rèn)真對(duì)照，找出異同，融會(huì)貫通�？记罢J(rèn)真研讀高考題目，了解高考題目的立意方向和設(shè)問(wèn)風(fēng)格。
典題1. Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry?(2014年四川卷) 【命題意圖】句意：是因?yàn)榻芸松蠈W(xué)遲到而使史密斯先生生氣嗎？
解析：本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是原因狀語(yǔ)because Jack came late for school。將Was it…that…去掉后，原句為：because Jack came late for school，Mr. Smith got angry。句子成立。
典題2. The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. ______ many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. (stand)
大眾廣場(chǎng)是這個(gè)城市引人注目的景點(diǎn)，許多歷史名人的石雕像矗立在那兒。（2014年湖北卷翻譯句子） 【命題意圖】考查倒裝句。答案：There stand
解析：倒裝和特殊句型 There stand，there lies, there exist 類似。副詞放在句首時(shí)句子用全部倒裝。 典題3. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if ever, reaching 30℃ in summer. （2014年福建卷）
【命題意圖】句意：這里的氣候宜人，如果曾經(jīng)有，在夏天氣候極少達(dá)到30攝氏度。
解析：if ever如果曾經(jīng)有，if not如果不，if any如果有的話，if so如果是這樣的話。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞quite pleasant，rarely可知，空格處表達(dá)的意思是“如果曾經(jīng)有”。
典題4. Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. （2014年全國(guó)大綱卷） 【命題意圖】句意：明天給我打電話，我會(huì)讓你知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的。
解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題為“祈使句＋or/and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，故用動(dòng)詞原型。 典題5. —I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited The British Museum during your stay, 年重慶卷)
【命題意圖】句意：—去年夏天，我在倫敦度過(guò)了兩個(gè)星期�！敲�，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國(guó)博物
解析：考查反意疑問(wèn)句。must have done用來(lái)推測(cè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，句中沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)按現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行處理，如果有明確的表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，按一般過(guò)去時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行處理。根據(jù)題干中的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last summer以及during your stay可知，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。 三、命題趨向
特殊句式的考查方式靈活多樣, 有原則可循, 像主從句的反意疑問(wèn)句, 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與名詞性從句或者是與定語(yǔ)從句的的混合考查, 祈使句與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的混合考查, 交際用語(yǔ)中的.省略現(xiàn)象, 等都是考查方向。 趨向1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
句意：我想知道你到底是從哪兒獲得的這條消息。
解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句的固定表達(dá)模式：疑問(wèn)詞+is it that 從句, 題中是考查在賓語(yǔ)從句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故選擇陳述句語(yǔ)序。 趨向2. 倒裝句
句意：我們最終爬上了山頂, 在山頂上矗立著一棵古老的大樹。解析：本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首句子的全部倒裝, 根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)和含義, 用過(guò)去式。 趨向3. 祈使句
we’ll enjoy the beautiful views to our content. 句意：再有一周的時(shí)間, 我們就可以盡情的享受這兒美麗的風(fēng)景了。
解析：考查典型句式：名詞短語(yǔ)/祈使句(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件句)＋and/or＋一般將來(lái)時(shí)的陳述句。此處的名詞短語(yǔ) another week相當(dāng)于一個(gè)祈使句(或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式)。 趨向4. 反義疑問(wèn)句
It was the first time that he had been late for class, ? 句意：那是他第一次遲到了，不是嗎？
解析：主從句的反意疑問(wèn)句, 反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。 四、直擊高考
I. 翻譯下列短文（注意使用倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、感嘆句等特殊句型）
以前，我對(duì)英語(yǔ)不感興趣，我也不知道怎樣學(xué)英語(yǔ)。我很少說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，從不用英語(yǔ)寫信寫日記，我?guī)缀蹩床欢⒄Z(yǔ)報(bào)紙。英語(yǔ)那么難，以至于我想放棄它。這時(shí)傳來(lái)了消息，李陽(yáng)將要幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)，是李老師激發(fā)了我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣。他不僅教我知識(shí)，他還教我學(xué)習(xí)方法。直到這時(shí)我才知道學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法。只有這時(shí)我認(rèn)識(shí)到只有通過(guò)練習(xí)使用英語(yǔ)我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。我甚至在一次英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲得了二等獎(jiǎng)。我真是太高興了！要是沒(méi)有李老師的幫助我就不可能取得這樣大的進(jìn)步。我明白在我的面前還有許
II. 選擇填空
1. Many questions have been answered by John. He must have previewed the lessons last night, _____ he? A. needn’t
B. hasn’t
C. didn’t
D. mustn’t
2. Unreasonable _____, it turned out to be effective. A. though sounded the plan
B. though the plan sounded
C. the plan sounded though D. sounded the plan though
3. It was the travel agency _____ they bought their air tickets from _____ was to blame for the loss. A. that; which
B. which; that C. where; which
D. where; that
4. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
5. Not until he left his home _____ to know how important the family was for him. A. did he begin
B. had he begun C. he began
D. he had begun
6. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. _____, we’d better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that
D. If so
7. So popular _____ that the young generation are dying for one. A. has iPhone 6 become become
8. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____. A. the thief fled
B. was the thief fleeing C. the thief was fleeing
D. fled the thief
B. iPhone 6 has become C. had iPhone 6 become
D. iPhone 6 had
9. Though _____ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A. surprising
B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
10. _____ and they will finish off the challenging job.
A. In a week B. A week later C. After a week
D. Another week
11. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs,______ you could have problems. A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
12._____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched
B. To search C. Searching
D. Search
13. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _____ benefits our work most. A. who
B. which
C. that
D. what
14. We all know that, _____, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
15. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ____to him again. A. I will speak
【強(qiáng)化提升】
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. one
B. ones B. It’s B. He B. it B. that
C. it
D. that D. This’s D. That D. one D. one D. You D. it D. what D. It is
2. ---- Who’s that?
A. That’s A. It
---- ____ Professor Li.
C. He’s C. She
B. will I speak C. do I speak
D. I speak
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning. 4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive?
A. that A. this A. It A. that A. that
---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
C. such C. it
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours. 6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
B. There B. this B. it
C. Those C. its
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government. 8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
C. which C. It was
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was A. you’ll take A. who A. where A. which A. and A. it
B. There is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
B. you’ll take it B. whom B. that
C. will it take you D. will take you C. how C. in which C. as
D. that D. on which
D. that
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang. 12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting. 13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
B. when B. that B. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
C. that’s C. so
D. so D. she
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying. 16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that A. It, all
B. many years before
C. many years ago that D. many years when
D. There, that
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
B. It, that
C. There, who
練習(xí)二
1. ---- Won’t you have another try?
A. Yes, I will A. Why don’t 2. ---- I won’t do it any more.
---- ____.
C. Yes, I will have
D. Yes, I won’t have
D. Why not do
B. Yes, I won’t
---- ____?
C. Why not
---- ____.
D. I don’t think so D. Let’s hope not to
B. Why don’t do it any more
B. I don’t think
3. ---- Do you think it will snow tomorrow?
A. No, I don’t think A. Don’t hope to A. As A. If A. If
4. ---- Will he fail in the exam?
C. No, I don’t so
---- ____.
B. Let’s hope not C. Not hope so
C. It’s
5. ____ usual, I have forgotten something.
B. As it is B. Unless B. Unless B. Would B. so does B. He was
D. That is D. Were D. When D. If D. so likes D. although
D. don’t
6. ____ she a man, she might be elected president.
C. Was C. Had C. When C. so is C. who is
7. ____ I had time, I would have played it again. 8. ____ it rain tomorrow, I’d stay at home.
A. Should A. so
9. I like sports and ____ my brother.
10. Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri.
A. was
11. ---- Aren’t you the manager?
A. don’t want A. I am
12. ---- Have you fed the dog?
---- No, and I ____. C. don’t want to be ---- No, but ____.
C. I’m
D. I’m just going
B. don’t want to
B. I’m just going to B. after all
13. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)） — ____, you failed.
A. in the end A. did she say
C. in other words D. at the same time
C. did
D. /
14. How long ____ she would stay here?
B. she said
15. ____ could do such thing?
A. Whom do you think B. Who do you think
C. Do you think whom D. Did you think who
練習(xí)三
1. John was ill. Have you heard about ____?
A. this
B. he
C. it
D. the one D. Time is D. who D. that
2. Hurry up! ____ getting darker and darker.
A. The sky is A. that
B. It’s B. when B. which
C. Weather is C. after C. so
3. It’s the third time ____ I have been here.
4. It was simply for that reason ____ I wouldn’t tell him the truth.
A. why
A. It
C. There C. are
D. What D. had been
D. It is, There is D. the way of which
6. ____ is no difference between A and B.
B. Where B. were
7. It ____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
A. was
8. He said, “ ____ a long way to school. ____ a long way to go yet before we arrive.”
A. It is, It is A. the way
B. There is, There is B. the way in that B. suppose
C. There is, It is
9. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
C. the way which
10. If you go to Xi’an, you’ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.
A. supposing A. There A. that
C. to suppose
C. That
D. supposed
D. It
11. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
B. This
12. It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
B. until B. which
C. before C. that
D. when D. since
13. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.
A. while
14. ---- Do you mind my taking this seat? A. Yes, sit down please C. Yes, take it please
A. I’ve no time A. not to
---- ____.
B. No, of course not D. No, you can’t take it
15. ---- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? --- Not at all. ____.
B. I’d rather not B. not to do
C. I’d like it C. not do it
D. I’d be happy to D. do not to
D. that did we know
16. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. 17. It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.
A. when we knew B. that did we knew
A. I will shop A. It
B. will I shop B. What
C. that we knew
D. shop I D. Such
18. ---- This store has such high prices.
---- I agree. Never again ____ here.
C. I do shop C. So
19. ____ was his kindness that everyone praised him. 20. ____, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to study B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard
A. So he has, so have you
B. So he
C. So has he, so have you
D. So has he, so you have
A. did they hear the news than
21. ---- David has made great progress recently. ---- ____, and ____. has, so you have
23. He was unable to make such progress, ____.
A. hard as he tried
B. as hard he tried
C. hard he has tried
D. tried hard as he
B. did they hear the news when C. had they heard the news than D. had they heard the news when
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